Grissel Hay Kitchen
Grissell Hay Lodging House (Williamsburg, Va.)
Block 29. Building 03.
Kitchens - Virginia - Williamsburg
Historic buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg
Architecture, Colonial - Virginia - Williamsburg
<p>Exterior of the Grissell Hay Kitchen, viewed from North England Street, 1933. The one and a half story structure with a large chimney is a typical form for a colonial kitchen, and provided a freestanding building for cooks to work in. This allowed the home to stay cooler during summer months and helped to prevent fires from spreading beyond the outbuilding. The Grissell Hay Kitchen stands behind the Grissell Hay Lodging House (not pictured here), which "…may be one of the first houses on Market Square."</p>
<p>The Grissell Hay Lodging House, Kitchen, and other outbuildings are located on the corner of Nicholson and North England Street, and are original structures dating to the eighteenth century. “The core of the house may date from around 1720, when it belonged to Dr. Archibald Blair, a Scottish physician and a partner in Williamsburg’s leading mercantile business, the Prentis Store. The present exterior probably dates from the second half of the eighteenth century. Apothecary Peter Hay, whose shop on Duke of Gloucester Street burned in 1756, lived here in the 1760s. After Hay’s death, his widow, Grissell, operated the dwelling as a lodging house. Widows who needed to support themselves and their children often kept lodging houses (the equivalent of today’s bed-and-breakfasts).”</p>
<p>(Source: Michael Olmert and Suzanne Coffman, <em>Official Guide to Colonial Williamsburg</em> [Williamsburg, VA: The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, 2007], 48).</p>
Shaw, Thomas Mott
1933
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D2008-COPY-1014-1041
John Blair House
John Blair House (Williamsburg, Va.)
Block 22. Building 05.
Historic buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg
Architecture, Colonial - Virginia - Williamsburg
Architecture, Domestic - Virginia - Williamsburg
<p>Exterior of the John Blair House, viewed from Duke of Gloucester Street, 1933. "The John Blair House and Kitchen on the north side of Duke of Gloucester Street was the home of a prominent family of Virginians. The Reverend James Blair (1655-1743), founder and first president of the College of William and Mary, came to Virginia in 1685....The original, easterly part of the John Blair House was built early in the eighteenth century. It is one of the oldest houses in Williamsburg. Town tradition has it that the stone steps at both doors came from the Palace Street theater. The steps were added when the house was lengthened twenty-eight feet to the west sometime during the second quarter of the eighteenth century."</p>
<p>(Source: Michael Olmert and Suzanne Coffman, <em>Official Guide to Colonial Williamsburg</em> [Williamsburg, VA: The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, 2007], 103-104).</p>
Shaw, Thomas Mott
1933
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D2008-COPY-1014-1003
John Orrell House
Orrell House (Williamsburg, Va.)
Block 02. Building 38.
Architecture, Colonial - Virginia - Williamsburg
Historic buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg
Architecture, Domestic - Virginia - Williamsburg
<p>Exterior of the John Orrell House, viewed on the south side of Francis Street, 1933. "Probably built between 1750 and 1775, the Orrell House takes its name from John Orrell, who acquired the property about 1810. The entrance hall, or 'passage,' of the house, an otherwise typical gambrel-roofed dwelling, is not centered, so all the living quarters are to one side of the passage. The house forms on plan an exact square whose sides measure twenty-eight feet, and, because the roof ridge is twenty-eight feet above the top of the basement wall, it is proportioned as an ideal geometric cube. Today, it is a hotel facility."</p>
<p>(Source: Michael Olmert and Suzanne Coffman, <em>Official Guide to Colonial Williamsburg</em> [Williamsburg, VA: The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, 2007], 132).</p>
Shaw, Thomas Mott
1933
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D2008-COPY-1014-1050
Ludwell-Paradise Stable
Ludwell-Paradise House (Williamsburg, Va.)
Block 18-1. Building 07.
Architecture, Domestic - Virginia - Williamsburg
Architecture, Colonial - Virginia - Williamsburg
Historic buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg
Outbuildings - Virginia - Williamsburg
Exterior of the Ludwell-Paradise Stable, viewed from Nicholson Street, 1933. A dovecote is visible in the gable-end roof of the stable, with holes for pigeons to roost in (though the holes have recently been covered over). The Cooper's Shop is now located in the Ludwell-Paradise Stable, where hogsheads, barrels, casks, buckets, and pails of all sizes are constructed.
The Ludwell-Paradise Stable is behind the Ludwell-Paradise House (not pictured here), one of the eighty-eight original eighteenth-century buildings at Colonial Williamsburg. The Ludwell-Paradise house played an important role in the museum's founding, as it was the first property purchased by John D. Rockefeller, Jr. in the early days of Williamsburg's restoration. Members of the Ludwell family resided here in the eighteenth century, and Lucy Ludwell Paradise, one of their more eccentric offspring, became a well-known socialite in both London and Virginia. She also became a namesake for this home that is a cornerstone of Williamsburg's restoration.
Shaw, Thomas Mott
1933
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D2008-COPY-1014-1042
Magazine, View Looking Southwest
Powder Magazine (Williamsburg, Va.)
Block 12. Building 09.
Powder Magazines - Virginia - Williamsburg
Historic Buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg
Public Buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg
Architecture, Colonial - Virginia - Williamsburg
Exterior of the Powder Magazine, looking southwest toward the building's entrance, 1933. Among Williamsburg's original eighteenth-century buildings, the octagonal Powder Magazine has taken on many different functions over time. Constructed in 1715 under the orders of Governor Spotswood, the Magazine was used as a secure storage site for arms, ammunition, and military equipment sent by Queen Anne for protection of the colony. The surrounding wall was added during the French and Indian War for added security.
The Magazine reprised its role during the Civil War, when Confederate soldiers again stored gunpowder inside. In the late nineteenth century, town residents repurposed the building for use as a market house, Baptist church, dancing school, and livery stable. Efforts by the A.P.V.A. to protect the historic structure led to its preservation as an early tourist attraction in Williamsburg prior to the birth of Colonial Williamsburg.
Shaw, Thomas Mott
1933
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D2008-COPY-1014-1044
Masonic Lodge
Block 11. Building 3A.
Freemasons - Virginia - Williamsburg - Buildings
Freemasons - Virginia - Williamsburg
Historic buildings – Virginia – Williamsburg
Architecture, Colonial – Virginia – Williamsburg
<p>Exterior of the Masonic Lodge, viewed from Francis Street, 1933. "The...Masonic Lodge on the north side of Francis Street stands where 'the ancient and loyal society of free and accepted Masons' met in the late eighteenth century. The Williamsburg chapter, which had been meeting at local taverns since mid-century, received a new charter in 1773. Its members included Peyton Randolph, Peter Pelham, Bishop James Madison, St. George Tucker, and James Monroe. In the 1770s, the lodge held its regular meetings at Market Square Tavern and patronized Christiana Campbell's Tavern for balls and special entertainments. The Masons leased a portion of this lot and met in a building on this property from the 1780s onward."</p>
<p>(Source: Michael Olmert and Suzanne Coffman, <em>Official Guide to Colonial Williamsburg</em> [Williamsburg, VA: The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, 2007], 133).</p>
Shaw, Thomas Mott
1933
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D2008-COPY-1014-1046
Proposed Addition to the Williamsburg Inn, View from the South East, 1938
Williamsburg Inn (Williamsburg, Va.)
Block 02. Building 65.
Architecture, Colonial - Virginia - Williamsburg
Historic buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg
Hotels - Virginia - Williamsburg
<p>Proposed addition to the Williamsburg Inn, view from the southeast looking northwest, 1938. This proposed addition was never built. "Abby and John D. Rockefeller, Jr. were involved in every aspect of the design, construction, and furnishing of the Williamsburg Inn. They created one of the finest luxury hotels in North America. When the famed philanthropist first built the Inn in 1937, he insisted that 'the most possible has been made of each room as regards comfort, convenience and charm.' In 2001, Colonial Williamsburg continued to fulfill Rockefeller's original vision through the most extensive interior renovation in the Inn's history spanning the landmark's public spaces and guest rooms, reducing the number from 100 to 62. ...The Williamsburg Inn has welcomed hundreds of VIPs, including Queen Elizabeth and Prince Philip, the Emperor and Empress of Japan, President and Mrs. Jiang Zemin of China, and countless American presidents" and world dignitaries.</p>
<p>(Source: Michael Olmert and Suzanne Coffman,<em> Official Guide to Colonial Williamsburg</em> [Williamsburg, VA: The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, 2007], 164-165).</p>
Shaw, Thomas Mott
1938
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D2008-COPY-1014-1063
Raleigh Tavern Entrance
Raleigh Tavern (Williamsburg, Va.)
Block 17. Building 06.
Historic buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg
Architecture, Colonial - Virginia - Williamsburg
Taverns (Inns) - Virginia - Williamsburg
<p>Exterior of the Raleigh Tavern, view of the front entrance looking north from across Duke of Gloucester Street, 1933. The tavern's signboard stands in the foreground to the left, while in the background, a gowned female costumed interpreter (once referred to as a "hostess") is shown standing to the right of the building's entrance. A lead bust of Sir Walter Raleigh, the noted navigator-explorer, is featured in the broken pediment above the tavern's front doors.</p>
<p>The Raleigh Tavern was the frequent scene of both jollity and consequence, and was "....the foremost of Williamsburg's taverns in the eighteenth century. Established about 1717, the Raleigh Tavern grew in size and reputation through the years. Letters, diaries, newspaper advertisements, and other records indicate that the Raleigh was one of the most important taverns in colonial Virginia. It served as a center for social, commercial, and political gatherings; small private and large public dinners; lectures and exhibitions; and auctions of merchandise, land, and the enslaved." Burned to the ground in 1859, the tavern was reconstructed from published illustrations, insurance policies, and archaeology that uncovered most of the original foundations.</p>
<p>(Source: Michael Olmert and Suzanne Coffman, <em>Official Guide to Colonial Williamsburg</em> [Williamsburg, VA: The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, 2007], 60).</p>
Shaw, Thomas Mott
1933
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D2008-COPY-1014-1054
Raleigh Tavern, View Looking Northeast
Raleigh Tavern (Williamsburg, Va.)
Block 17. Building 06.
Historic buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg
Architecture, Colonial - Virginia - Williamsburg
Taverns (Inns) - Virginia - Williamsburg
<p>Exterior of the Raleigh Tavern, view looking northeast from across Duke of Gloucester Street, 1933. The Raleigh Tavern was the frequent scene of both jollity and consequence, and was "....the foremost of Williamsburg's taverns in the eighteenth century. Established about 1717, the Raleigh Tavern grew in size and reputation through the years. Letters, diaries, newspaper advertisements, and other records indicate that the Raleigh was one of the most important taverns in colonial Virginia. It served as a center for social, commercial, and political gatherings; small private and large public dinners; lectures and exhibitions; and auctions of merchandise, land, and the enslaved." Burned to the ground in 1859, the tavern was reconstructed from published illustrations, insurance policies, and archaeology that uncovered most of the original foundations.</p>
<p>(Source: Michael Olmert and Suzanne Coffman, <em>Official Guide to Colonial Williamsburg</em> [Williamsburg, VA: The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, 2007], 60).</p>
Shaw, Thomas Mott
1933
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D2008-COPY-1014-1052
St. George Tucker House, South Facade
St. George Tucker House (Williamsburg, Va.)
Block 29. Building 2.
Historic buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg
Architecture, Domestic - Virginia - Williamsburg
Architecture, Colonial - Virginia - Williamsburg
Exterior of the St. George Tucker House, viewed from behind the fence of the Roscow-Cole Stable yard across Nicholson Street, 1933. This view of the St. George Tucker property shows the front elevation of one of the Historic Area's original eighteenth-century houses, when it was still occupied by descendants of the original builder. St. George Tucker, a law professor at the College of William and Mary, purchased and moved the central portion of the house from Palace Green to Market Square in 1788. He added wings to enlarge the size, and a 1798 paint agreement specifies the color scheme used on the house. Later additions and outbuildings have since been removed, with new modifications made.
At the time this sketch was made, Tucker family descendants still lived in the home, as they were granted life tenancy after its restoration. The building now serves as a donor hospitality center.
Shaw, Thomas Mott
1933
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D2008-COPY-1014-1059
St. George Tucker House, View Looking East
St. George Tucker House (Williamsburg, Va.)
Block 29. Building 02.
Historic buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg
Architecture, Colonial - Virginia - Williamsburg
Architecture, Domestic - Virginia - Williamsburg
Gardens - Virginia - Williamsburg
Exterior of the St. George Tucker House, view of the formal boxwood garden and the eastern facade of the Tucker House Kitchen, 1933. The St. George Tucker House is one of the Historic Area's original eighteenth-century structures, and this view depicts the home when it was still occupied by descendants of the original builder. St. George Tucker, a law professor at the College of William and Mary, purchased and moved the central portion of the house from Palace Green to Market Square in 1788. He added wings to enlarge the size, and a 1798 paint agreement specifies the color scheme used on the house. Later additions and outbuildings have since been removed, and new modifications have been made. At the time this sketch was made, Tucker family descendants still lived in the home, as they were granted life tenancy after its restoration. The building now serves as a donor hospitality center.
Shaw, Thomas Mott
1933
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D2008-COPY-1014-1061
Thomas Mott Shaw, F.A.I.A. (1878-1965)
Shaw, Thomas Mott
Architects - Virginia - Williamsburg - Photographs
This photograph of architect Thomas Mott Shaw was taken by Lewis Fabian Bachrach, Jr. (more commonly known as Fabian Bachrach) of Bachrach Studios. Bachrach Studios was founded in 1868 by Fabian's grandfather, the renowned photographer David Bachrach, Jr. Bachrach Studios is best known for taking photos of every U.S. president since Abraham Lincoln, as well as photographing numerous famous figures in American history, such as Albert Einstein, Henry Ford, Charles Lindbergh, Muhammad Ali, and many others.
Bachrach, Fabian
1930s
This material is protected by copyright law (Title 17, U.S. Code). For reproduction queries: <a href="http://research.history.org/JDRLibrary/Visual_Resources/VisualResourcePermission.cfm">Rights and reproductions</a>
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D2011-BTL-0329-1150
William Finnie Quarters
William Finnie Quarters (Williamsburg, Va.)
Block 02. Building 7F.
Architecture, Colonial - Virginia - Williamsburg
Historic buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg
Architecture, Domestic - Virginia - Williamsburg
Gardens - Virginia - Williamsburg
Exterior of the William Finnie Quarters, just east of the William Finnie House, 1933. One of the eighty-eight original buildings at Colonial Williamsburg, the William Finnie Quarters (and the adjoining William Finnie House, not pictured here) are both original structures on Francis Street that remain intact from the late eighteenth century. The William Finnie Quarters was an outbuilding of the main house owned by William Finnie, who lived on the property from the 1770s to mid-1780s. During the American Revolution, he held the office of quartermaster general of the Southern Department.
The Finnie House holds the distinction of retaining an appearance most closely matching its eighteenth-century form throughout the time period of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The building is admired as an early example of Federal architecture – especially for its Doric-style entrance porch – which reflects colonial familiarity with architectural pattern books of the period. Restoration efforts in 1932 and 1952 mainly focused upon bringing a few elements of the entrance porch, such as the Doric columns and architrave, back to their original classical forms.
Shaw, Thomas Mott
1933
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D2008-COPY-1014-1017
Wren Building, Exterior Entrance to Great Hall
Wren Building (Williamsburg, Va.)
Block 16. Building 3.
Historic buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg
Public buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg
Architecture, Colonial - Virginia - Williamsburg
Exterior view of the entrance to the Great Hall of the Wren Building at the College of William and Mary, 1933. Professors and students gathered in the Great Hall at long tables and benches to dine and converse during the colonial era. The room also served as a place to hold meetings, and members of the colonial House of Burgesses also occasionally met in this room when the Capitol building underwent renovations.
Begun in 1695, the construction of the Wren Building marked the birth of an academic center in colonial Virginia. One of the oldest academic structures in the United States, the Wren Building was damaged by several fires in 1705, 1859, and 1862, but still retains a large portion of its original outside walls. The building's features are thought to be based upon an adaptation of a Sir Christopher Wren design.
Shaw, Thomas Mott
1933
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D2008-COPY-1014-1067
Wren Building, West Facade
Wren Building (Williamsburg, Va.)
Block 16. Building 3.
Historic buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg
Public buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg
Architecture, Colonial - Virginia - Williamsburg
Exterior view of the west elevation of the Wren Building at the College of William and Mary, 1933. Begun in 1695, the construction of the Wren Building marked the birth of an academic center in colonial Virginia. One of the oldest academic structures in the United States, the Wren Building was damaged by several fires in 1705, 1859, and 1862, but still retains a large portion of its original outside walls. The building's features are thought to be based upon an adaptation of a Sir Christopher Wren design.
Shaw, Thomas Mott
1933
This material is protected by copyright law (Title 17, U.S. Code). For reproduction queries: <a href="http://research.history.org/JDRLibrary/Visual_Resources/VisualResourcePermission.cfm">Rights and reproductions</a>
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D2008-COPY-1014-1065