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The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Adam Cuninghame journal and letters, 1728-1736
Description
An account of the resource
Journal and correspondence of Adam Cuningham (b. ca. 1705). Cuningham was the son of Sir William Cuningham of Caprington, Ayr, Scotland and Janet Dick Cuningham. Being the fifth son, Adam Cuningham was not likely to inherit much and records indicate he served John Kirkwood as a surgeon apprentice in 1723. In 1728 he left Scotland for Virginia where he hoped to practice in Williamsburg. Cuningham was unable to succeed in Williamsburg and ventured north as far as Maryland before returning to Virginia to work at the Bristol Iron Works in King George County Virginia. Whether he was an employee of the Works or in private practice is not known. The Bristol Iron Works were established by John King and other merchants of Bristol, England and began operating in 1722. George Tayloe of Virginia oversaw the operation of the works. The works were closed by the middle years of the 1730s and Cuningham returned to England.
The collection contains three letters and a journal. The journal of Adam Cuningham records his harrowing six month voyage to Virginia from Scotland. In his two letters from Virginia he provides excuses for his failure to succeed and requests additional funds from his father. In his third letter, written from England, Cuningham requests a meeting with his father and asks for funds that he might be transported "to some Forreign Plantations where I may pass the remainder of my days in a Sincere repentance for my former folly."
Document
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<h4>Page 1</h4>
<br /><p>Dear Sir</p>
<br /><p>Last Sunday I came to this place, after a<br />tedious Journey of ten days from London, I was oblidged to<br />stay one day in York waiting for the Newcastle Coach & now<br />I am come here they don't expect the Edinborough Coach these<br />eight days, so that I am quite runn out of money, being oblidged<br />before I left London to part with two Guineas, of the overplus<br />that was left after the Coach was payed for, which M<sup>r</sup>. Straton<br />can testify; D<sup>r</sup>. Sir I begg of you lett me hear from you by the<br />very first post, and direct for me att M<sup>rs</sup>. Cleughs in y<sup>e</sup> Flesh-<br />Markett ; I must likeways entreat you Sir that since I must<br />come to Scotland that neither, Mother, Brother, or Sister or<br />in short any Friend or Relation whatever, may know of<br />my coming, but if you please (which I think would be both<br />for your honour & my safety) I may be transported from Port<br />Glasgow to some of the forreign Plantations where I may pass<br /> the remainder of my days in a Sincere repentance for my<br />former folly. If you please to appoint any place where I ma<br />please turn over</p>
<br /><h4>Page 2</h4>
<br /><p>may have the honour to wait on you when I come to Ed<sup>r</sup>.<br /> you shall have very good reasons for my making this proposal, I<br /> hope Sir you will be so good if it is possible to lett me have<br /> a little money, for I do assure you Sir I managed what litle<br /> I had to the very best advantage; it is true I mought have<br /> saved a little money had their been more passengers in the<br /> Coach, but as their was none but a Young Lady & I, it was<br /> more expensive, & I spunn out my money as finely as I<br /> could to the last farthing; God Almighty preserve you Sir</p>
<br /><p>I am your Affec<sup>t</sup>. Son in all Sincerity<br />Adam Cuninghame</p>
<br /><p>Newcastle upon Tine<br />March 23<sup>d</sup><br />1736</p>
<br /><h4>Address leaf</h4>
<br /><p>Sir William Cuninghame of Caprington Barr<sup>t</sup>.<br />at his Lodgings in the Lawn Markett<br />Edingburgh</p>
Original Format
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Adam Cuningham letter to William Cuningham, 1736 March 23
Subject
The topic of the resource
Cuningham, Adam, b. ca. 1705
Cuningham, William, Sir
Description
An account of the resource
Letter of Adam Cuningham, Newcastle upon Tyne, to his father William, in Edinburgh, March 23, 1736. In this letter, Cuningham requested a meeting with his father and asked his father to keep secret his presence in Scotland. Cuningham sought one last meeting with his father to procure the funds necessary to leave Scotland and his family forever.
Creator
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Cuningham, Adam, b. ca. 1705
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
This material is protected by copyright law (Title 17, U.S. Code). For reproduction queries: <a href="http://research.history.org/JDRLibrary/Visual_Resources/VisualResourcePermission.cfm">Rights and reproductions</a>
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Adam Cuninghame journal and letters, 1728-1736
Description
An account of the resource
Journal and correspondence of Adam Cuningham (b. ca. 1705). Cuningham was the son of Sir William Cuningham of Caprington, Ayr, Scotland and Janet Dick Cuningham. Being the fifth son, Adam Cuningham was not likely to inherit much and records indicate he served John Kirkwood as a surgeon apprentice in 1723. In 1728 he left Scotland for Virginia where he hoped to practice in Williamsburg. Cuningham was unable to succeed in Williamsburg and ventured north as far as Maryland before returning to Virginia to work at the Bristol Iron Works in King George County Virginia. Whether he was an employee of the Works or in private practice is not known. The Bristol Iron Works were established by John King and other merchants of Bristol, England and began operating in 1722. George Tayloe of Virginia oversaw the operation of the works. The works were closed by the middle years of the 1730s and Cuningham returned to England.
The collection contains three letters and a journal. The journal of Adam Cuningham records his harrowing six month voyage to Virginia from Scotland. In his two letters from Virginia he provides excuses for his failure to succeed and requests additional funds from his father. In his third letter, written from England, Cuningham requests a meeting with his father and asks for funds that he might be transported "to some Forreign Plantations where I may pass the remainder of my days in a Sincere repentance for my former folly."
Document
A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text.
Text
Any textual data included in the document.
<h4>Page 1</h4>
<br /><p>D<sup>r</sup>. S<sup>ir</sup></p>
<p>Having heard nothing from you for above a twelv-<br />month, I was overjoy’d to receive about ten days ago 2 Letters, on dated<br />the 5th the other the 22d January; Nothing could please me more, than<br />to hear you were all in good health, which I pray God to continue<br />with all my heart. I Received then also a Letter subscribed by the<br />Gentlemen of the name of Oswald at Glascow, to whom I am much<br />oblidg’d; Please if you have any oportunity of writing to them to<br /> present my humble service to them for their great kindness & Civility.<br />In your Letters which I have Received, you make particular mention<br />of one Colonel Alex<sup>r</sup> M<sup>c</sup>kenzie at Hamptown, a Gentleman I never<br />saw yet have heard much mention of him, I doubt not but he is of<br />sufficient ability to do me service but at the same time very cau-<br /> tious how he trusts (as you mentioned) his countrymen, having alrea-<br />dy received much damage on that Account, but according to your<br />desire I writ about 4 days ago a letter to him, acquainting him with<br />the true state of my Affairs, as lickeways kindly asking his advice to-<br />wards my settlement in this part of Virginia. I lickeways took<br />care to have M<sup>r</sup> John Blairs letter transmitted to him.</p>
<br /><p>As to my affairs in relation to Physick I cannot much complaine,<br />for I could have works enough of Charity to perform that way al-<br />most evry day in the Year, and indeed I cannot see a poor planter<br />asking my advice, or begging my medicines, without being touch’t<br />with pity and freely give him away the Druggs have cost me above<br />150 <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">p</span> cent in this country. I must own indeed I do my endeavour<br />to make it up with the richer sort, but these gentlemen are so very<br />carefull not to fall sick, as I almost despaire of making any thing<br />of them. This is indeed S<sup>ir</sup> the truth of the matter, and in my hum-<br />ble opinion there is no way of making mony in this country so<br />please turn over</p>
<br /><h4>Page 2</h4>
<br /><p>so easy as by merchandizing, this being the occupation they all aime<br />at, for after they have purchas’d a little stock by there Practice they pre-<br />sently commence Merchants, and so make their Fortune. So that if<br />Doctor Blair, Colonel M<sup>c</sup>kenzie, and many others whom I could name have<br />made their fortunes in this Country it is not to be atributed to their practice<br />in Phisick but to Traffick. This S<sup>r</sup> is all I can say at present concer-<br />ning my Business, as to what relates to my setling or moving from<br />this place I must wait till such time as I hear from the above nam’d<br />Colonel. My Health I thank God has continued pretty well since<br />you heard from me last, only had a severe cold about last Cristmas<br />at which time I should have sent Letters by M<sup>r</sup> Richard Murray, but<br />he being at a great distance and <sup>ye</sup> Rods deep & full of Snow I durst not<br />venture to ride so farr. Please give my humble Duty to my Mother<br />who was so very good as to write to me with her own hand, as also to all my<br />Brothers and Sisters whose letters I shall answer very shoon. This comes<br />by Cap<sup>t</sup>. Boutcher bound for Leith to the care of M<sup>r</sup>. Douglas, which<br />I hope will come safe to hand; for I have reason to think some Letters<br />I have sent home have either been neglected or Miscarried; about three<br />weeks hence I shall have another oportunity of writing at which time<br />you may expect more news from, D<sup>r</sup> S<sup>r</sup>.<br />Your most affectionate son & Serv<sup>t</sup>.<br />Adam Cuninghame</p>
<br /><p>Bristol mines May 24<sup>th</sup><br /><span style="text-decoration:underline;">1730</span></p>
<br /><h4>Address leaf</h4>
<p>From my son Adam in Virginia<br />24 May <span style="text-decoration:underline;">1730</span></p>
<br /><p>To<br />S<sup>r</sup> William Cuninghame of<br />Caprington<br />att Edinburgh</p>
Original Format
If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
Ink on paper
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Adam Cuningham letter to William Cuningham, 1730 May 24
Subject
The topic of the resource
Blair, John, 1687-1771
Cuningham, Adam, b. ca. 1705 -- Correspondence
Cuningham, William, Sir -- Correspondence
McKenzie, Alexander
Bristol Iron Works (King George County (Va.)
Merchants -- Virginia
Physicians -- Virginia
Scots -- Virginia -- King George County
Description
An account of the resource
Letter of Adam Cuningham, Bristol mines, to his father William, in Edinburgh, May 24, 1730. Cuningham wrote to his father detailing his struggles in Virginia. He ascribed his difficulties to his charitable nature, the expense of medicines and the good health of the wealthier gentlemen. Cuningham explained that physicians in Virginia attain wealth by becoming merchants not by practing medicine. In the letter, Cuningham mentioned Blair and the merchant Alexander McKenzie. His father had recommended McKenzie to him and Cuningham noted that he wrote to McKenzie to let him know of his situation.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Cuninghame, William, b. ca. 1705
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
This material is protected by copyright law (Title 17, U.S. Code). For reproduction queries: <a href="http://research.history.org/JDRLibrary/Visual_Resources/VisualResourcePermission.cfm">Rights and reproductions</a>
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Adam Cuninghame journal and letters, 1728-1736
Description
An account of the resource
Journal and correspondence of Adam Cuningham (b. ca. 1705). Cuningham was the son of Sir William Cuningham of Caprington, Ayr, Scotland and Janet Dick Cuningham. Being the fifth son, Adam Cuningham was not likely to inherit much and records indicate he served John Kirkwood as a surgeon apprentice in 1723. In 1728 he left Scotland for Virginia where he hoped to practice in Williamsburg. Cuningham was unable to succeed in Williamsburg and ventured north as far as Maryland before returning to Virginia to work at the Bristol Iron Works in King George County Virginia. Whether he was an employee of the Works or in private practice is not known. The Bristol Iron Works were established by John King and other merchants of Bristol, England and began operating in 1722. George Tayloe of Virginia oversaw the operation of the works. The works were closed by the middle years of the 1730s and Cuningham returned to England.
The collection contains three letters and a journal. The journal of Adam Cuningham records his harrowing six month voyage to Virginia from Scotland. In his two letters from Virginia he provides excuses for his failure to succeed and requests additional funds from his father. In his third letter, written from England, Cuningham requests a meeting with his father and asks for funds that he might be transported "to some Forreign Plantations where I may pass the remainder of my days in a Sincere repentance for my former folly."
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<h4>Recto</h4>
<br /><p>King George county August 2, 1729</p>
<p>S<sup>r</sup></p>
<p>I have since I came into this Country receiv'd 2 Letters from<br />you; on dated Dec<sup>r</sup> 28, 1728, the other Jan<sup>ry</sup> 20 1729. In which I<br />was sory to hear of my Grandfathers Death but not surprised, rec-<br />kning never to see him any more befor I came away. I was very<br />Glad tho to hear you were all in Good health, and am very much<br />beholden to my Sister Keith who was so kind as to oblidge me with<br /> a Letter to America, as lickeways To Mr Alex<sup>r</sup> Symmers.</p>
<br /><p>By your last letter you seem'd doubtfull if I did well in removing<br />from Williamsburgh up the Country. I shall show you my resons which were<br />these. 1 please to know that Williamsburgh is but a small Village<br />containing not 60 families at most; and in and about this City are no<br />less than 25 or 30 phisishians and of that number not above 2 ca-<br />paple of living handsomly. So that I did not think it proper to stay in<br />a place where so many of my own Proffession were lickely to Starve.<br />2. Secondly my next reason was the expence of Living, for it is im-<br />possible for a single person, that has not a house of his own, to live<br />here, under 10 shillings Ster: p diem, and that moderately too, which<br />I thought would shoon undoe me. Nor will what I say be thought<br />improbable If you consider at what dear prisses they rate theire Liquours<br />as a Bottle of Claret or White Wine 6 Shillings, one English quart<br />of small Beere 15 pence &. For these reasons I travelled up<br />the country a considerable way to see what I could make out. I<br />stay'd some time in evry county I pass'd in expectation of settling<br />myself to y<sup>e</sup> best advantage, but either found the parts provided<br />with phisitions, or so poor as not able to maintain one. Therefore<br />I ventur'd to Mariland in hop's of better success, where indeed I found<br />a litle better incouragement, but not sufficient to make that the<br />place of my abode. For finding the 36 pounds which you impowrd<br />M<sup>r</sup> John Blair to advance me grow short and my incomes so litle<br />I went again to Virginia, and so down to Williamsburgh. Where I<br />Consulted with Doctor Blair what best measures I should take<br />please turn over</p>
<br /><h4>Verso</h4>
<br /><p>Take, so I having told him that there was a Ship in Rappahanike<br />River bound for London that wanted a Surgeon; he thought it as good<br />a way as I could take, rather than loose both time & mony to enter Sur<br />geon aboard; Accordingly I resolv'd upon it, but before I left Williams-<br />burgh I made Bold to draw a small Bill of 20 pound Ster<sup>l</sup>. more, for<br />which I hope you wont be concern'd; since it was absolutly necessary,<br />I having lost 2 horses, and oblidged to by a third besides medicines I<br />bought att Williamsburgh and all the other necessary expences I have<br />been at. So that the whole Bill amounts to fifty pound Ster: which youl<br />please pay to M<sup>r</sup> Blairs order. I immediately went up the country<br />and aggreed with the Cap<sup>t</sup>: who was to saile the last of June; But about<br />3 days before sailing, I was taken with a fever and ague which con<br />tinued 15 days. But I thank God has now quite left me the heat<br />and inconstancy of the weather being the occasion of it. So being disap-<br />pointed in my expectations I went further up the River, and am<br />now in a place where I have pretty good incouragement, this month<br />and the next being the most sickly time of y<sup>e</sup> year. So this S<sup>r</sup> is a<br />short scheme of what I have been doing. I having all along endeavourd<br />the best. And now D<sup>r</sup> S<sup>r</sup> wishing you all happiness with my humble re-<br />spects to My Mother and all my Brothers and Sisters, I remaine</p>
<p>Your most Affectionate son<br />and Humble Serv<sup>t</sup><br />Adam Cuninghame</p>
<br /><p>When you please to write<br />Direct to me att M<sup>r</sup> Richard<br />Tutts living 2 miles above<br />the Bristoll mines Rhappahanike river.<br />This place is not above 20 miles from<br />the place where the Gentlemen of Dunbars<br />Store is kept; from which I had second mournings</p>
Original Format
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Ink on paper
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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Adam Cuningham letter to William Cuningham, 1729 August 2
Subject
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Blair, John, 1687-1771.
Cuningham, Adam, b. ca. 1705 -- Correspondence
Cuningham, William, Sir -- Correspondence
Tutt, Richard
Bristol Iron Works (King George County, Va.)
Physicians -- Virginia -- Williamsburg
Scots -- Virginia -- Williamsburg
Surgeons -- Virginia -- Williamsburg
Williamsburg (Va.) -- Description and travel
Williamsburg (Va.) -- Economic conditions -- 18th century
Description
An account of the resource
<p>Letter of Adam Cuningham, King George County, Virginia, to his father William, in Scotland, August 2, 1729. Concerning his decision to leave Williamsburg Adam writes: "please to know that Williamsburgh is but a small Village containing not 60 families at most; and in and about this City are no less than 25 or 30 phisishians and of that number not above 2 capaple of living handsomly." Cuningham goes on to describe the expense of living in Williamsburg, his failed attempt to become a ship's surgeon and his indebtedness to Mr. John Blair. John Blair was the son of Alexander Blair who emigrated to Virginia from Scotland about 1690 and was the largest shareholder in a Williamsburg business referred to as "Dr. Blair's Store." John Blair managed the business for his father and the partners.</p>
<br /><p>Cuningham asked his father to send his letters Richard Tutt. Richard Tutt signed a deed conveying a lease for the grist mill known as Foxhall's Mill and its land to John King and his partners. The mill and land on the Rappahannock River became the site of the Bristol Iron Works.</p>
Creator
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Cuninghame, William
Publisher
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Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Date
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1729
Rights
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This material is protected by copyright law (Title 17, U.S. Code). For reproduction queries: <a href="http://research.history.org/JDRLibrary/Visual_Resources/VisualResourcePermission.cfm">Rights and reproductions</a>
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jpeg
Language
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eng
Type
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Text
Identifier
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MS 2011.8.2
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7ea76c95a3a3f674ea3c790b3b6bc84d
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Adam Cuninghame journal and letters, 1728-1736
Description
An account of the resource
Journal and correspondence of Adam Cuningham (b. ca. 1705). Cuningham was the son of Sir William Cuningham of Caprington, Ayr, Scotland and Janet Dick Cuningham. Being the fifth son, Adam Cuningham was not likely to inherit much and records indicate he served John Kirkwood as a surgeon apprentice in 1723. In 1728 he left Scotland for Virginia where he hoped to practice in Williamsburg. Cuningham was unable to succeed in Williamsburg and ventured north as far as Maryland before returning to Virginia to work at the Bristol Iron Works in King George County Virginia. Whether he was an employee of the Works or in private practice is not known. The Bristol Iron Works were established by John King and other merchants of Bristol, England and began operating in 1722. George Tayloe of Virginia oversaw the operation of the works. The works were closed by the middle years of the 1730s and Cuningham returned to England.
The collection contains three letters and a journal. The journal of Adam Cuningham records his harrowing six month voyage to Virginia from Scotland. In his two letters from Virginia he provides excuses for his failure to succeed and requests additional funds from his father. In his third letter, written from England, Cuningham requests a meeting with his father and asks for funds that he might be transported "to some Forreign Plantations where I may pass the remainder of my days in a Sincere repentance for my former folly."
Document
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Text
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<h4>Page 3</h4>
<br /><p>(3)</p>
<p>May 5<sup>th</sup> faire clear weather, we steer to the NW<br />and make pretty good way, running twixt 6 and 7<br />nots p hour. 6<sup>th</sup> The wind due west, so we steer NNW<br />or NW and by N, about 4 in the afternoon we spy'd a Saile<br />and the master taking his glass could make nothing of<br />her, about one hour afterwards she came within one hun-<br />dred and fifty yards of us, fired a sharp shot which brush'd<br />our broad side afterwards flying out a white Ensingn<br />We now thought she took us for a French pyrate or an<br />Algerine man. Therefore we presently Struck and hald<br />up our Colours; But when we spoke them we found<br />they were french men and their Cap<sup>t</sup>. drunk who out of<br />a Bravado had fired at us seeing we were Defeneless<br />from this time to May 18<sup>th</sup> we had generaly calms about<br />the 22<sup>d</sup> we seed a ship on our Larbordside about 4<br />miles distance from us it being then break of day<br />and our Cap<sup>t</sup>. much in Liquor we did not much care<br />for speaking to them, but our Cap<sup>t</sup>. would speak them<br />and it being then a very rolling sea as we were coming<br />very nigh to speake them a heavy wave dash'd our Ship<br />against her Bolesprit which broke part of it, and we<br />would not have escapt Damage had it not been by the<br />Dexterity of our Steersman; the ship was a frenchman<br />lately come from Newfoundland load with Coadfish<br />We were then about the Latitude of 47-00 May 23<br />the winds still proving contrary we resolv'd to steere to<br />the S. and continued doing so until June the 2<sup>d</sup> when<br />the wind shifted to SW, then we were oblidged to Steer<br />NW and WNW which we continued for 6 days; about<br />this time the servants aboard that were to be</p>
<br /><h4>Page 4</h4>
<br /><p>(4)</p>
<p>be transported, broke open our wine chest and stole<br />about 3 doz: of our wines which was a great Loss to us, our<br />water beginning to smell. They were lasht to the Pump &<br />whipt with a cat of nine tails. June 8 the wind shifts<br />to NE and we steer W and so continue so to the 14.<br />We now plainly see the Captain's humour, for he gets him-<br />self drunk every night, never minding the course of the<br />Ship and Seeing our Liquors beginning to runn scarce<br />the Supercargo & I take our own shares, Leaving the<br />other to him to do as he pleas'd, which he had not above<br />8 Days before it was finished. June 14 The wind<br />at W. and continues from W b N to W b S most part<br /> of this month, here we had more wine stole from us<br />for which the principal Rogue was hangd up at the<br />maine yards arm, and then plung'd into y<sup>e</sup> for 3<br />or 4 times successively, the rest were whipt at the main yard.<br />We are now almost out of Liquor and therfore very sparing<br />Our water being very loathsome to drink. July 1 exceed-<br />ing hott weather we being now in the Latitude of 36 15<br />the weather very calm, Our men are so fatiqued with heat<br />they can scarce handle the Sails, and our Water very<br />bad</p>
<br /><h4>Page 5</h4>
<br /><p>(5)</p>
<p>bad. July 3 spy’d a Brigg about 2 Leagues ahead<br />we immediately hoisted our Ensign on purpose to know of<br />her from whence she came, how far she might be from the<br />coast of America, whether she had any fresh provisions<br />to spare or could supply us with any Rum and sugar.<br />When we came nigh her we found she was an Irish<br />Ship come from Barbados bound for Cork in Ireland.<br />We told her our condition and the master desird us to hoist<br />out our Boat which was immediately done, so our<br />Mate and 4 of the sailors went on board of her, and were<br />very kindly entertain’d; but they could not spare us any<br />fresh provisions, onely they supply’d us with what rum<br />& sugar we wanted. We understood from them she came<br />from Barbados on the 4 of June and reckond they were<br />about 4 hundred Leagues from the coast of America.<br />they lickeways told us they left the trade wind in the Latt<br />of 30° - 00. July 4th we immediately steer S on purpose<br />to make the trade wind, it is now very hot weather but<br />the saylors can stand it out a litle better, because we gave them<br />a dram now and then. But our master is very Lazy lying in<br />his bed and getting himself drunk for 2 or 3 days suc-<br />cessively without offering to take one observatione or</p>
<br /><h4>Page 6</h4>
<br /><p>(6)</p>
<p>or mind the Ships course. We make but slow way<br />our Ship being very foul. July 5<sup>th</sup> about 3 in the<br />morning our watch cryes for all hands upon deck, at<br />the same time telling there was one of the Ships com-<br />pany fall'n over board, immediately there was rop's thrown<br />over board, but all to no purpose, for ere the ship could<br />be turnd about he perisht; This poor fellow was one<br />of the Transports and had a hand in stealing our wine.<br />This day the hottest we have had yet. July 6<sup>th</sup> faire<br />clear weather, we continue to Steer to the S. We perceive<br />now a vast many Dolphins and flying fish, which we<br />frequently catch and make very good food of them they<br />being the only fresh provisions we can have. July 7th<br />Stormy Weather we saile all day long under a Reef<br />main saile, but about 10 at night our Ma<sup>r</sup> being in<br />Liquor to show his courage order'd the Sailors to<br />hoist the maine top saile, then then the foresaile and<br />fortopesaile, at which the mates showd him the danger wherto<br />he expos’d the Ship Cargo and all their Lives, but he<br />being headstrong order’d them to hoist Topgallant sail<br />Which they By the supercargos persuasion refus’d and</p>
<br /><h4>Page 7</h4>
<br /><p>(7)</p>
<p>by force hal'd him down to his Cabine where they<br />shut him in all night, they Lower'd the Sails presently yet<br />notwithstanding the water had got over the gunnel and<br />damag'd several parcels of goods. July 8<sup>th</sup> Faire clear<br />weather, this day our Supercargo takes a protest against<br />the master, about noon we catch a Shark 9 foot Long<br />they having continued about our ship ever since our<br />man fell overbord. From July 9<sup>th</sup> to 26 ditto we still<br />continue to steere S in which time we catch'd a vast<br />many Dolphins and Bonettos, which was a great preser-<br />vative against y<sup>e</sup> scurvy, we having nothing but one<br />Barrell of salt pork aboard, but the greatest want we<br />labourd under now was the want of water, which tho<br />stinking as it was had allalong preserv'd our Lives, we<br />were now reduc'd to almost one English pint p day, untill<br />July 27 when their fell such a quantity of raine water<br />as would have filld all the vessels we had, If we could<br />have gott them shoon enough upon deck. We are now on the<br />Latitude of 31 – 14. July 28 We are just coming into<br />the Trade wind, But by the masters orders we are</p>
<br /><h4>Page 8</h4>
<br /><p>(8)</p>
<p>are oblidged to tack about, and steer NW<br />and WNW, by which we could perceive his desing was<br />to protract the Time as long as he could. Agust 4<br />pleasant weather, about 8 in the morning we<br />spy'd a ship to the Windard of us about 2 Leagues<br />all our water we had being unwholsome and our<br />Rum gone, we hal'd her to see if she could spare<br />us any provisions or fresh water; when she came<br />within speaking we ask't them from whence they<br />came and to whom they belong'd; they answerd they<br />belong'd to Boston in New England, came from New<br />foundland, & were bound for South Carolina. We then<br />beg'd them to spare us what provisions they could<br />offering any price for them. But they answerd they<br />could spare nothing but some salt fish and a litle<br />Rum, the being very scarce of water and provisions<br />themselves. Then we gave them what they demanded<br />and so parted. We understood by them that they<br />reckond themslv’s but 70 Leagues from the Capes of<br />Virginia, But to our Experience we found after-<br />wards we were more than 4 times 70 distant.<br />From August 5 to the 23d very high winds and</p>
<br /><h4>Page 9</h4>
<br /><p>(9)</p>
<p>for the most part contrary, here we find very<br />strong currents setting sometimes Northerly and then<br />Southerly so that it was very difficult to keep a due<br />reckoning. August 26 about 10 in the morning<br />perceived a ship about 3 Leauges ahead, we hoisted<br />our Ensign; at which she bore down to us, and came<br />up with us about 12, she had come from Nevis in<br />y<sup>e</sup> west Indies, had been load with rum sugar &<br />molasses, but having loast her masts in a hurricane<br />they were oblidged to throw most of their rum &<br />suggar overboard, she was steering for new England<br />to repaire and have new masts; we could gett no<br />help from them it being then a very high Sea. from<br />August 26 to September 2 very faire winds, we<br />are now quite run out of Bread, so that we were<br />oblidged to eate pease but to our great comfort we<br />had still water aboard. September 3 spyd a ship<br />on our starboard quarter but it being then a NW<br />which is a violent NW wind which continues about<br />an hour we could not speak her untill it was over<br />she was a ship come from new York bound for<br />Suranam in the West Indies. her Cargo being most</p>
<br /><h4>Page 10</h4>
<br /><p>(10)</p>
<p>partly horses, having 29 of them when she<br />came away and now only 12 remaining, being ob-<br />lidged to throw 17 of them overboard by the violence<br />of the weather, We gott from them 2 Barrels of<br />flower which was a considerable help in our great<br />necessity. We continued until this time in a pretty good state<br />of health, saving the Scurvy which now began to show<br />its effects upon our mens Constitutions for there are<br />scarce 5 able to work the ship; in this condition<br />we continued untill the 19<sup>th</sup> of Septr: which was<br />a day licke to have cost us all our Lives, it was<br />a violent Hurricane which begun thus, early in<br />the morning we perceiv’d a litle black cloud rising<br />from the NE. about one hour afterward it rose<br />higher and spread broader. Our mate who knew<br />what it portended immediately ordered the Sails<br />to be furled and the yards lowerd; by the time<br />this was done we could perceive the Cloud coming<br />with mighty force, and the Sea att a distance ris-<br />ing licke the Alps in a Map, it grew terrible dark<br />as it approach’t, with all the other signs of Terror<br />It was immediatly order’d all hands upon Deck<br />and with much difficulty 7 came, the rest not being<br />able or willing, we the shut all the Hatchets [hatches] very<br />close and Secur’d the boat. The sea now began to<br />be</p>
<br /><h4>Page 11</h4>
<br /><p>(11)</p>
<p>be very high, and there was nothing but terrour<br />before us large huge waves breaking over our stern<br />and Mizn mast. Our Men crying to one another but not<br />a word to be heard, except they came close to one anothers<br />ear’s and whisperd, att last there came a wave licke a<br />mountaine which washt over our maines top [illegible]<br />and brought the ship one her broad side, at the same<br />time Ballast Goods and all shifted in the Hould; Our<br />Ship lying one her Broad side made water very fast<br />and there was no pumping of her, none being able<br />to stand upon Deck, att last with much dificulty,<br />we gott 2 men lasht fast to the pump to relive one<br />another. We had not now much hope of our lives but<br />relying on providence the Carpenter was orderd to cut<br />away the mizn mast, which done we thought to have<br />lickeways cutt the maine mast, but before they sett<br />about it the violence of the wind blew it off and the<br />maineyard, which fell directly upon the Gunnell<br />and almost shatterd it to pieces; it was indeed very<br />terrible now to see our ship without either mast or<br />Sails exposd to the violence of a raging sea and<br />so few hands able to work; so that had it not been</p>
<br /><h4>Page 12</h4>
<br /><p>(12)</p>
<p>been the providence of almighty God we had all cer-<br />tainly perished. While the carpenter stood ready with<br />his axe there came a terrible wave which washt he<br />and 2 others overboard, but they were all 3 taken up<br />alive. This Tempest continued from 8 in the morning<br />untill 4 afternoon but the hight of it did not continue<br />above 3 hours; about 5 we went down to the hold<br />where we found it much better than expectation, there<br />being not above 2 foot of water in it, but the goods<br />were much damag'd; The Ship lay all this time on her<br />Broad side, so that there was no standing, however we<br />shifted as well as we could the goods and Ballast<br />and brought the ship a litle to rights. Next morning<br />prov’d a fine day, but it was very dismal to see our<br />ship destitute of masts and sails, we not knowing how<br />far we might be from any land. In the place of a<br />maine mast we sett up one ould foretop mast and<br />fore the mizn one ore we got old rotten remnants of<br />Sails in the hold and patcht them up as well as we<br />could ; and after this manner we continued untill the end</p>
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<p>end of our voyage, about 4 days after this we met a Sloop<br />in as bad a Condition as our selves if not worse, she had met<br />with a violent storm in the month of Agust, by which she<br />lost her mast and her upper deck and cabine with the<br />supercargo in it, they had neither compass nor Quadrant<br />aboard and having lost theire rudder were oblidged to lett<br />her drive as the winds permitted; they had come from New<br />England and bound for Jamaica. We spard them a compas<br />& quadrant; for which our Capt. gott 8 Barrels of flower.<br />and 6 firkins of Butter. The Weather continued very<br />good and on Sunday the 29 September we gott soundings<br />in 34 fathom water, about 5 afternoon we gott sight of<br />North Carolina, which was very acceptaple to us, we not<br />having seen land this 6 months and more. This day one<br />of our men fell over board and one dyed. Here we anchord<br />2 days in which time we run a great hazard of our<br />Lives for there happen'd at this time to be a Bristoll<br />Ship and a Mariland Ship riding along with us; the<br />Maryland Ship had come from Jamaica load with<br />rum sugar and Mollasses. The Bristoll man came from</p>
<br /><h4>Page 14</h4>
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<p>from Guinea but had disposd of his Slav’s in Barba-<br />do’s and was bound homward with a Cargo of Suggar, he had<br />lost all of his men but 5 hands, and this mariland Ship was<br />to conduct him to Virginia where he was to get more hands<br />and provisions. Our Capt. went aboard to see him and<br />there gott himself very drunk, it being late att night when<br />he came aboard and high sea we could not gett our Boat<br />hoisted in which occasioned its being lost, for all night the<br />Sea was very rough and next morning about 10 She was<br />stav'd to pieces. The weather continued very Tempestous<br />all that day which forced the mariland Ship to slip her<br />Anchor; but the Bristol man and we still kept fast un-<br />till about 12 att night when the Bristoll ship slipt licke-<br />ways; now if she had struck on our vessel it had been per-<br />haps the loss of both Ships, to save which we were just<br />going to cut our cable, and had already cutt it half throug<br />when the Ship drove by us about 6 yards, and the wind being<br />right one shore forc’t the ship against a hard Beach where<br />she was stav’d to pieces and all in her perish’d, they being fast<br />asleep when she slipt her Anchor. We had gone the same<br />way had it not been for the toughness of our Rop’s. next</p>
<p> </p>
<h4>Page 15</h4>
<p> </p>
<p>(15)</p>
<p>next day the wind prov’d faire and we weighd anchor<br />and saild along the coast toward Virgina but we hapend<br />in the night time to sail by the Cap’s, and the wind afterward turning<br />N we could not gett back againe; here we met with one<br />English ship bound for Mariland, from whom we gott<br />some fresh provisions but our Gumms were so sweld with<br />the Scurvy we could scarce eat them, We continued for<br />about 2 days and the third the wind turning faire we<br />gott unto the Cap’s, where to Compleat our misfortunes<br />our Capt. throu his rashness run the Ship aground in<br />the Bay, where she still continues without any hop’s<br />of getting her off. Our whole crew were 19 when we came<br />from Scotland and there are not but 14 alive. Thus ends<br />this tedious voyage which continues 6 months and 17 days.<br />We having come from Scotland Aprile 4th 1728 and<br />entred the cap’s of Virginia October 21. 1728.</p>
<p>Adam Cuninghame</p>
<p> </p>
<h4>Page 16</h4>
<p> </p>
<p>Ship wreck &<br />Adam Cuninghame</p>
<p>(son of Sir Wm. Cuninghame<br />Of Caprington & his wife<br />Dame Janet Dick of Prestonfield)</p>
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Ink on paper
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Title
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Adam Cuningham journal, 1728 May 5-October 28
Subject
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Cuningham, Adam, b. ca. 1705
Hurricanes
Ocean travel
Scurvy
Description
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<p>The journal of Adam Cuningham records his voyage to Virginia from Scotland, April 4-October 21, 1728. Cuningham recounts the many adventures of the ship and its crew who were fired upon by a French vessel, lost a man overboard who was killed by sharks, ran out of provisions and liquor (the latter due to theft by the transports), endured a hurricane, suffered from scurvy and were at the mercy of a drunken captain who often failed to leave his cabin for days at a time.</p>
<br /><p>The first two pages of the journal are long since lost.</p>
<br /><p>The journal is published in Whitfield Bell. <em>The colonial physician & other essays</em>. New York : Science History Publications, 1975.</p>
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Cuningham, Adam, b. ca. 1705
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Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Date
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1728
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This material is protected by copyright law (Title 17, U.S. Code). For reproduction queries: <a href="http://research.history.org/JDRLibrary/Visual_Resources/VisualResourcePermission.cfm">Rights and reproductions</a>
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jpeg
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eng
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Text
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MS 2011.8.4