1 20 8820 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/3854/archive/files/91e1b55bc5367476e74ea98c08afc082.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=NXeYyn%7EwG%7EqVfEoawwt00m1DQzO6Zz%7Eg8ORDS%7EEUSsLMGW0BpR6TGbnM9Wsoa-Yef8Qqw-x72nzSi9a3R3YkPDOoPEWHWt-DCk1LBZO--h08HfLB3NAscUipg9Ejmno09voL4TP6s5UgCNAyu9EeeyBDQEOwegs8ueKsI9U%7EA%7ERTClqL-YXFSr4kcrrEhsBs54eyzpu%7EZG-eXSMAuIo7JhRsHmdbFB%7E8drcXokQy015IUwP9IYAKt2c-oGWgEVxLFzwDS%7EJKjmn2zcrmO2Jixqk8KS%7EY0i6C19sCV1misekHn%7E3dbhTML9foANbSq-Wbvc3Ez64d-0cefpTOSOKcEA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM d2c398159d4951f6a2c34b02358d0317 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Finlay Forbes Ferguson Jr. Photograph Collection Subject The topic of the resource Architecture, Domestic - Virginia - Williamsburg Public buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg Historic buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg Williamsburg (Va.) - Photographs Williamsburg (Va.) - Buildings, structures, etc. Description An account of the resource The son of Norfolk architect Finlay Forbes Ferguson Sr., who served as an Advisory Architect in the late 1920s as Williamsburg’s restoration began, Finlay Ferguson Jr. contributed to two different periods of architectural projects at Colonial Williamsburg. A graduate of the University of Virginia’s architecture program, Finlay Jr. started the first phase of his career working as a draftsman at Colonial Williamsburg between 1930-1933. He assisted other members of the research and design team with preparation of conjectural sketches, preliminary elevations and floor plans, and final measured drawings. Finlay left Williamsburg to work in his father’s architectural firm, Peebles and Ferguson, on the restoration of Fort Macon in Moorehead City, North Carolina between 1934-1935. He continued his association with the Norfolk firm until 1939, when he returned to Colonial Williamsburg to work on research and design for the restoration of Bruton Parish Church until 1943. After serving in the Navy during the remainder of World War II, Ferguson resumed practicing architecture in Norfolk. His early association with Colonial Williamsburg allowed him to become a respected expert in architectural restoration and he oversaw projects at the Adam Thoroughgood House, the Moses Myers House, the Willoughby-Baylor House, and the Old Norfolk Academy. Ferguson also designed the General Douglas MacArthur Memorial and restored St. Paul’s Episcopal Church in Edenton, North Carolina. Ferguson joined his architectural colleagues in taking numerous photographs of both ongoing work in the Historic Area and field research at other sites. These are preserved in the Finlay Forbes Ferguson Jr. Photograph Collection, AV2009.16, which encompasses over four hundred black and white images of restoration projects underway in Williamsburg’s Historic Area, as well as architectural design precedents at historic sites in Virginia, Maryland, North Carolina, and South Carolina used to facilitate reconstruction of details not documented in historical records, archaeological investigations, or visual representations. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ferguson, Finlay Forbes Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1933-1943 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Finlay Forbes Ferguson Jr. Photograph Collection, AV2009.16 Extent The size or duration of the resource. 439 photographs Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Gelatin silver print Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image. 2.5 x 3.5 inches Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A & P Food Market Description An account of the resource View looking west across South Henry Street towards the A & P Food Market on the corner of the newly constructed Business Block, today known as Merchants Square, Williamsburg, Virginia. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context AV2009-16_FER0313 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ferguson, Finlay Forbes Jr. Subject The topic of the resource Merchants Square (Williamsburg, Va.) Block 15. Building 28D. Grocery stores - Virginia - Williamsburg Central business districts - Virginia - Williamsburg Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Finlay Forbes Ferguson, Jr. Photograph Collection, AV2009.16, Box 1, Folder 3. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Extent The size or duration of the resource. 1 photograph Type The nature or genre of the resource Image A&P Food Market Awnings Columns Finlay Forbes Ferguson Pediments Rustication Shopping Districts Signs Street Scenes Virginia Williamsburg https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/3854/archive/files/3cbb04d09a1aa83093cd3f4c66051b1a.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=IMPKfH%7EfgKtmbKHTrpTSQmt6MLQJ8ccLU%7ENaZ7eyYDbl0C5uOCJbNSemXa%7EUxK7PI9AtlWJoOv8cDORCBfkVWF9xWdCPUmqY94FaN5tHsDv0YwT6sur343Cxf9M4%7EeFgM71s3F5y%7ECl2YPhQxIxfDHr9859PGyWL2iAmyMoZKHrHqaY4G0fECIOHNXg%7EOZU748LFP1I-kJV2ehirKGcNoQj5kc7Bux9pOJtm0n397rxpW9cxZZaS7iz4z6M1v9V6PblivDk1sqTGrWu6UvabsjxMwNETmii3pA0VScj9JdluIaxMJlN8LuvtX5lz-TY-y6dajmsXOUUF8nbj9IpvkQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM dc306dd4da5a0728759b7d2ff176e1d2 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Gelatin silver print Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image. 8 x 10 inches Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Aronia Plant Description An account of the resource Documentary photo of an aronia plant, commonly known as a chokeberry, Williamsburg, Virginia, circa 1920s, taken by landscape architect Arthur Shurcliff as part of his study of local flora. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Shurcliff, Arthur Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Circa 1920s Date Created Date of creation of the resource. Circa 1920s Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Arthur Shurcliff Photograph Collection Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1987-1108 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Subject The topic of the resource Plants - Virginia - Williamsburg Aronia Arthur Shurcliff Chokeberry Plants Virginia Williamsburg https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/3854/archive/files/5a3e725c974cbcf1ebcc8ddbbf1f3e97.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=lK6pEcWfBv3S4wVYVF1iEsiwU0BMQiHjYdVXwHwb-AW0OIX4lwHB9WE7utgwChtXqj9M5ff9BuZ7YEJEMKINpvc7clfu5APl6ZWtZsr2i-1Qe4hjPgs2abLZg5hj4YWwQCcxveHop5VinXv40G6GDwPyEGPzlHHI0sdVbmLZukJdKeQt3Tso-iihSrOKejvfTP8uKvMO17Fbt4OQzHhA2x4sAL9g5Y3l6YcMdJG24CJf%7EXnoECz4ekHbrUuFznofpyfz3PRHf0zpAkZHpET7mg0hq83PW74hjpYiXPZx5IiVMa0WUyeNMvyPkE1dcZHm5k398JXnofqIpm5ESuzsIQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 8645734ec7ccd812b64f4fd4f5130cb0 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Edward Beckwith Photograph Collection Subject The topic of the resource Beckwith, Edward A. Photographs - Virginia - Williamsburg Architecture, Domestic - Virginia - Williamsburg Architecture, Colonial - Virginia - Williamsburg Historic buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Beckwith, Edward A. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Extent The size or duration of the resource. 363 photographs Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Description An account of the resource Another collection of photos purchased by the Boston architectural firm of Perry, Shaw & Hepburn in 1930 originated with photographer and town resident Edward A. Beckwith. A letter preserved in Corporate Archives indicates that Mr. Beckwith dropped off a selection of images with Dr. W.A.R. Goodwin who forwarded a list of their subjects to Perry, Shaw & Hepburn for their consideration. Beckwith’s photos date to 1926-1933, a critical period in the town’s transformation. Tremendous changes began to occur in rapid succession as properties were acquired, buildings moved or torn down, foundations unearthed, and the first exhibition building, the Raleigh Tavern, opened in September 1932. While he was never on the architectural team’s payroll, Beckwith’s images attracted interest and became part of the growing archive assembled to aid ongoing restoration work. Beckwith’s subjects encompass a broader geographic area and feature many examples of colonial homes in the mid-Atlantic region examined by the architects as part of their fieldwork. It is possible he accompanied them on some of their trips and helped to document extant structures. His images of Williamsburg are purely architectural in focus and highlight aspects of surviving colonial architecture under study. They offer a contrast to other pre-restoration photo collections which give glimpses into town life with street vistas, carriages, automobiles, and residents. As the third decade of the twentieth century started in Williamsburg, Beckwith stood poised with his camera to change the focus to the architectural transformations that were soon to take place. Evidence of early steps towards investigating structures and removing nineteenth-century additions and modifications is visible in several of his compositions. His contrasting views of the George Wythe House in 1926 and 1929 document its transition from a dilapidated and deteriorating building to the headquarters for Dr. Goodwin’s office to oversee restoration activities. The collection encompasses black and white photographs and associated negatives documenting extant colonial era architecture throughout the state of Virginia in the late 1920s. They offered crucial visual references of specific architectural features of interest for the restoration of eighteenth century buildings in Williamsburg’s historic area. Williamsburg, Virginia structures depicted include Carter’s Grove, Barraud House, Bassett Hall, John Blair House, Bracken House, Thomas Everard House, Bruton Parish Church, Nelson-Galt House, Prentis Store, Powell House, The Quarter, Peyton Randolph House, Semple House, Tazewell Hall, Travis House, St. George Tucker House, Benjamin Waller House, and George Wythe House. In addition, many architectural sites elsewhere in Virginia that were visited and examined by the architectural team are represented in the photographs. They include Abingdon Church, Auburn, Belleville, Bonne Elms, Elmwood, Glebe House, Green Plains, Claremont Manor, Four Mile Tree, Hayfield, Jamestown Church, Kinloch, Larabee House, Little England, Lower Brandon, Mount Airy, Mount Clement, Nelson House, Port Royal, Prospect, Rosegill, Shirley, Smith’s Fort, Upper Brandon, Warner Hall, Westover, and Wilton. All of the photos are 11 x 14 inch gelatin silver prints on paper. Originally presented in two folios, they clearly demonstrate a more direct intent to create aesthetically pleasing images that could possibly be used in a future architectural publication. Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 1926-1929 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Gelatin silver print Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image. 11 x 14 inches Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Boxwood Hedge at Belleville Subject The topic of the resource Outbuildings - Virginia - Gloucester County Boxwood Gardens - Virginia - Gloucester County Description An account of the resource Outbuilding and boxwood hedge on the grounds of Belleville, Gloucester County, Virginia Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Beckwith, Edward A. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1926 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 1926 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Edward Beckwith Photograph Collection, AV2009.5, Box 1 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Be134 (see also Bec-38) Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Belleville Boxwood Edward Beckwith Gardens Gloucester County Hedges Outbuildings Virginia https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/3854/archive/files/d14f2fb3587255f2aac00c26aa0c9f39.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=uRC%7E67nwDJxczo3nitTfAOs-9Ck-aPlrFS4V%7EBi2CXGMj2dzSdgvseJwu25NjFffPl4Qugd4%7EFEsC4lp24BT8rZrEWZPKGA32%7EJIMPDLu52y9TFs-So5sB3IQBpu7s0aSltrQwkG9salBFZYpVxL%7E271hObYRdHrS3XjBlRlEMAJFlVl3kLgHf1IN10qdMZRL1pIkz-3i9XYcPYKTRhmdOeHhAXgtpjRti3wvSxL8KRwEKraxNrW%7EaxmKhYQdRp5I0OLbOnkA9q4fIMp3RhkFJJwozP8%7EqMOh6LdTzO4LhKuNjCVv6hWQYxq9yhuJpw%7EYuxHPMoHn6Sr8ClYYj97Ow__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 661e9d4a34f37f0aec2940df46ecf20c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ernest M. Frank Photograph Collection Subject The topic of the resource Frank, Ernest M., 1914-1968 Photograph albums Williamsburg (Va.) - Photographs Architecture, Domestic - Virginia - Williamsburg Public buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg Historic buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg Williamsburg (Va.) - Buildings, structures, etc. Description An account of the resource Ernest Maurice Frank, a graduate of Cornell University, rose from the ranks of Draftsman to Assistant Vice-President over the course of a three-decade career at Colonial Williamsburg. During the late 1930s, a team of architects drafted plans to fill in the gaps with reconstruction or restoration of structures not included in the initial group completed in the early 1930s. Known as “Phase II” in Colonial Williamsburg’s evolution, the period launched an expansion of plans for future projects at sites such as the George Wythe and Peyton Randolph Houses, many of which became reality after the end of World War II. Singleton P. Moorehead, an architect who joined the Restoration team in 1928 and became part of the architectural office in 1934, and A.E. Kendrew, Foundation Architect, proved to be pivotal in moving Colonial Williamsburg forward with the Phase II transition. They hired Ernest Frank in 1939 to join their team of draftsmen beginning work on Phase II planning. Unfortunately, World War II intervened, and Frank and many other employees left the organization to fulfill their military duties in 1942. Frank re-joined Colonial Williamsburg in 1946 and established his own architectural practice in Williamsburg on the side in 1947. He rapidly advanced to Senior Draftsmen in 1947, Designer in 1948, and assumed the position of Assistant Director of the Architecture, Construction, and Maintenance Division from 1949-1956. In 1957, he became Director of the division until 1964, when he received a promotion to Assistant Vice-President for Colonial Williamsburg Inc. under Charles Hackett. One of Frank’s major projects involved overseeing the reconstruction of additional eighteenth-century features of the Robert Carter House complex. He and his team researched and designed the two long covered ways connecting outbuildings to the main house, as well as Dr. McKenzie’s Shop and several outbuildings. His architectural drawings for the Powder Magazine and Guardhouse, Bryan House, Ewing House, John Crump House, and the new Visitor’s Center complex and Motor House all attest to his extensive contributions. A member of the American Institute of Architects, Frank regularly spoke at architectural forums and design schools and became a recognized authority on colonial Virginian architecture. In his final years at Colonial Williamsburg, Frank served as a deputy to Charles Hackett, who led Colonial Williamsburg Inc. and Williamsburg Restoration Inc., until his death in 1968. A record of Frank’s meticulous research conducted as part of the process of developing designs for reconstructions can be found in the Ernest M. Frank Photograph Collection, AV2009.58, housed at the Rockefeller Library. Frank joined other members of the architectural team in the late 1940s and early 1950s in a series of trips throughout the mid-Atlantic region and to Great Britain to visit sites and record details that might be used as precedents for features of buildings planned for reconstruction. The team had to engage in a certain amount of educated guesswork for certain features of structures for which they could not find archaeological, historical, or visual evidence. A series of ten photo albums encompasses images from the late 1940s to early 1950s of sites at Colonial Williamsburg, various counties in Virginia, Maryland, North Carolina, and South Carolina, and Great Britain. The two albums focusing upon his 1951 trip to England are organized by various types of details under study, such as lamp brackets, signs, shop windows, foot scrapers, chimneys, gates, and fences. Together, the photo albums offer insight into the process used to gather clues for drafting designs for some of the buildings that constitute the second phase of Colonial Williamsburg’s development after World War II. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Frank, Ernest Maurice Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Ernest M. Frank Photograph Collection, AV2009.58 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. Extent The size or duration of the resource. Ten albums Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Gelatin silver print on paper Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Carriage Gate Description An account of the resource View of a carriage gate with decorative ironwork along its top opening onto a lane in Groombridge, Kent, England. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context AV2009-58-A08-FRA030_003 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Frank, Ernest M. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1951 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Ernest M. Frank Photograph Collection, AV2009.58, Album 8, Page 30 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Extent The size or duration of the resource. 1 photograph Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Subject The topic of the resource Gates - England - Groombridge Ironwork - England - Groombridge Site elements - England - Groombridge Driveways England Ernest Frank Gates Groomsbridge Ironwork Kent https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/3854/archive/files/8763bff5fe76337029e19b5e3658c87d.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=OFt-q%7EwEla4z0npJGFsUMeikpblkIdFmt3NI1InQW6whCD9HpW2yNnnEnKlMdmVAn4k3eO31o8Cf51Qjs2FVBjsHVLrrey%7EwgU7B1KADA6A8WCfwZNcBZZmLDasFuhUvFWNiIMxgMWWKilMgI8xq-Zwz2wzX-A7YSCPeS31A242KCS0--A2v3RuIjyPZseyFfdtS1e0WwPkgzbvL4W0KyZ4vy7-KDDMDvWgoGotpAJrmcR55EzV-UOzYInGNDj3Vu5MzQPDGCQ3DM%7EvfbzNe52MjxfcUleFbtstSzHIyfiA%7EAD8en8g58zjpkA7FFgQbTGSsSNXjD2oqUoMqGseDcA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 1322a34097a805b472f5e49fbe2ff881 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ernest M. Frank Photograph Collection Subject The topic of the resource Frank, Ernest M., 1914-1968 Photograph albums Williamsburg (Va.) - Photographs Architecture, Domestic - Virginia - Williamsburg Public buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg Historic buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg Williamsburg (Va.) - Buildings, structures, etc. Description An account of the resource Ernest Maurice Frank, a graduate of Cornell University, rose from the ranks of Draftsman to Assistant Vice-President over the course of a three-decade career at Colonial Williamsburg. During the late 1930s, a team of architects drafted plans to fill in the gaps with reconstruction or restoration of structures not included in the initial group completed in the early 1930s. Known as “Phase II” in Colonial Williamsburg’s evolution, the period launched an expansion of plans for future projects at sites such as the George Wythe and Peyton Randolph Houses, many of which became reality after the end of World War II. Singleton P. Moorehead, an architect who joined the Restoration team in 1928 and became part of the architectural office in 1934, and A.E. Kendrew, Foundation Architect, proved to be pivotal in moving Colonial Williamsburg forward with the Phase II transition. They hired Ernest Frank in 1939 to join their team of draftsmen beginning work on Phase II planning. Unfortunately, World War II intervened, and Frank and many other employees left the organization to fulfill their military duties in 1942. Frank re-joined Colonial Williamsburg in 1946 and established his own architectural practice in Williamsburg on the side in 1947. He rapidly advanced to Senior Draftsmen in 1947, Designer in 1948, and assumed the position of Assistant Director of the Architecture, Construction, and Maintenance Division from 1949-1956. In 1957, he became Director of the division until 1964, when he received a promotion to Assistant Vice-President for Colonial Williamsburg Inc. under Charles Hackett. One of Frank’s major projects involved overseeing the reconstruction of additional eighteenth-century features of the Robert Carter House complex. He and his team researched and designed the two long covered ways connecting outbuildings to the main house, as well as Dr. McKenzie’s Shop and several outbuildings. His architectural drawings for the Powder Magazine and Guardhouse, Bryan House, Ewing House, John Crump House, and the new Visitor’s Center complex and Motor House all attest to his extensive contributions. A member of the American Institute of Architects, Frank regularly spoke at architectural forums and design schools and became a recognized authority on colonial Virginian architecture. In his final years at Colonial Williamsburg, Frank served as a deputy to Charles Hackett, who led Colonial Williamsburg Inc. and Williamsburg Restoration Inc., until his death in 1968. A record of Frank’s meticulous research conducted as part of the process of developing designs for reconstructions can be found in the Ernest M. Frank Photograph Collection, AV2009.58, housed at the Rockefeller Library. Frank joined other members of the architectural team in the late 1940s and early 1950s in a series of trips throughout the mid-Atlantic region and to Great Britain to visit sites and record details that might be used as precedents for features of buildings planned for reconstruction. The team had to engage in a certain amount of educated guesswork for certain features of structures for which they could not find archaeological, historical, or visual evidence. A series of ten photo albums encompasses images from the late 1940s to early 1950s of sites at Colonial Williamsburg, various counties in Virginia, Maryland, North Carolina, and South Carolina, and Great Britain. The two albums focusing upon his 1951 trip to England are organized by various types of details under study, such as lamp brackets, signs, shop windows, foot scrapers, chimneys, gates, and fences. Together, the photo albums offer insight into the process used to gather clues for drafting designs for some of the buildings that constitute the second phase of Colonial Williamsburg’s development after World War II. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Frank, Ernest Maurice Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Ernest M. Frank Photograph Collection, AV2009.58 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. Extent The size or duration of the resource. Ten albums Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Gelatin silver print mounted on paper Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Cathedral Transept Entrance Description An account of the resource View of a group of pedestrians walking near the entrance to the transept of an unidentified cathedral in England. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Frank, Ernest M. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1951 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Ernest M. Frank Photograph Collection, AV2009.58, Album 9, Page 27 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Extent The size or duration of the resource. 1 photograph Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context AV2009-58-A09-FRA027_003 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Subject The topic of the resource Church architecture - England Architectural elements - England Architectural decorations & ornaments - England Cathedrals Doors England Ernest Frank Pedestrians Transepts https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/3854/archive/files/5410ff2a1f8f265f68ac54e8d1d522a8.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=dgRAPIkw15UHJBmq5YALDw1Rl6I6bBNFKOe5OFiOFatfZE0Zf1BZyv3Wi%7EbDelBQyQOJBnQZokszmzGTJF2km0yOcvY5S06dvg2KNP0oBxOgibg6leV3J1QA%7EtySc7HcN-I8Qq7UgvAY5OvlbQrYi%7E4u4fG9Xzyu1aY5owytCP-My0USjnxLUsKWzBTUzvTL%7E0ZgOnXIMSfPp7wg0ci96LEcaknSCPP0zaPJl29kJ4i0LH7KEEzI3k3gJ03aqjJ8oiZXIYbMHAuBIgKbwOB%7EvVqKEpSQA9I-7LOESyQnSZO1W8bJd2iUBcgxXlTycLzF1ePbwidGV3gy2BWdG62eQg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM ec760d80b312441ae86d205e389cbe2f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ernest M. Frank Photograph Collection Subject The topic of the resource Frank, Ernest M., 1914-1968 Photograph albums Williamsburg (Va.) - Photographs Architecture, Domestic - Virginia - Williamsburg Public buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg Historic buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg Williamsburg (Va.) - Buildings, structures, etc. Description An account of the resource Ernest Maurice Frank, a graduate of Cornell University, rose from the ranks of Draftsman to Assistant Vice-President over the course of a three-decade career at Colonial Williamsburg. During the late 1930s, a team of architects drafted plans to fill in the gaps with reconstruction or restoration of structures not included in the initial group completed in the early 1930s. Known as “Phase II” in Colonial Williamsburg’s evolution, the period launched an expansion of plans for future projects at sites such as the George Wythe and Peyton Randolph Houses, many of which became reality after the end of World War II. Singleton P. Moorehead, an architect who joined the Restoration team in 1928 and became part of the architectural office in 1934, and A.E. Kendrew, Foundation Architect, proved to be pivotal in moving Colonial Williamsburg forward with the Phase II transition. They hired Ernest Frank in 1939 to join their team of draftsmen beginning work on Phase II planning. Unfortunately, World War II intervened, and Frank and many other employees left the organization to fulfill their military duties in 1942. Frank re-joined Colonial Williamsburg in 1946 and established his own architectural practice in Williamsburg on the side in 1947. He rapidly advanced to Senior Draftsmen in 1947, Designer in 1948, and assumed the position of Assistant Director of the Architecture, Construction, and Maintenance Division from 1949-1956. In 1957, he became Director of the division until 1964, when he received a promotion to Assistant Vice-President for Colonial Williamsburg Inc. under Charles Hackett. One of Frank’s major projects involved overseeing the reconstruction of additional eighteenth-century features of the Robert Carter House complex. He and his team researched and designed the two long covered ways connecting outbuildings to the main house, as well as Dr. McKenzie’s Shop and several outbuildings. His architectural drawings for the Powder Magazine and Guardhouse, Bryan House, Ewing House, John Crump House, and the new Visitor’s Center complex and Motor House all attest to his extensive contributions. A member of the American Institute of Architects, Frank regularly spoke at architectural forums and design schools and became a recognized authority on colonial Virginian architecture. In his final years at Colonial Williamsburg, Frank served as a deputy to Charles Hackett, who led Colonial Williamsburg Inc. and Williamsburg Restoration Inc., until his death in 1968. A record of Frank’s meticulous research conducted as part of the process of developing designs for reconstructions can be found in the Ernest M. Frank Photograph Collection, AV2009.58, housed at the Rockefeller Library. Frank joined other members of the architectural team in the late 1940s and early 1950s in a series of trips throughout the mid-Atlantic region and to Great Britain to visit sites and record details that might be used as precedents for features of buildings planned for reconstruction. The team had to engage in a certain amount of educated guesswork for certain features of structures for which they could not find archaeological, historical, or visual evidence. A series of ten photo albums encompasses images from the late 1940s to early 1950s of sites at Colonial Williamsburg, various counties in Virginia, Maryland, North Carolina, and South Carolina, and Great Britain. The two albums focusing upon his 1951 trip to England are organized by various types of details under study, such as lamp brackets, signs, shop windows, foot scrapers, chimneys, gates, and fences. Together, the photo albums offer insight into the process used to gather clues for drafting designs for some of the buildings that constitute the second phase of Colonial Williamsburg’s development after World War II. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Frank, Ernest Maurice Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Ernest M. Frank Photograph Collection, AV2009.58 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. Extent The size or duration of the resource. Ten albums Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Gelatin silver print on paper Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Detail, Carriage Gate Description An account of the resource Detail view of decorative ironwork on the top of a gate in an unidentified location in Groombridge, Kent, England. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context AV2009-58-A08-FRA030_004 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Frank, Ernest M. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1951 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Ernest M. Frank Photograph Collection, AV2009.58, Album 8, Page 30 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Extent The size or duration of the resource. 1 photograph Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Subject The topic of the resource Gates - England - Groombridge Site elements - England - Groombridge England Ernest Frank Gates Groomsbridge Ironwork Kent https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/3854/archive/files/5d0baed7b7c2c78c9df7d0509602d305.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=TnBfwxTSgKWJSLfhOu0vd16303EmGug7y2KHt5TCkIX1AnOUrNUgasVopKqsf6N4DlsyS0lZV0VUrhxvg61Bth3eTafbKAoCS9s-8D637GrSxwEE0ydAjb1DwQiztksJrcPXRO5SDsXgSLyz0AbikhAnw2qr4CXTIXguOMt9-UHOybgGv2A1Na7QtbSbs0iik%7E3h6reDfr1DLItdGxvgFja7b2crF41I%7EDUS6HKhKkZ4D2UUvn36mF0rKhywqVpoag3Hx%7EPfGC%7ECepAfgybwQaaZQWfQgldAUNB%7EQYzId1w3vNu%7E47RNc8eqyZ4diWaQyVVY6fyjbU1v0qkY58FqrQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 696a9c58bc31e484a6b0c405a10263a8 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ernest M. Frank Photograph Collection Subject The topic of the resource Frank, Ernest M., 1914-1968 Photograph albums Williamsburg (Va.) - Photographs Architecture, Domestic - Virginia - Williamsburg Public buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg Historic buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg Williamsburg (Va.) - Buildings, structures, etc. Description An account of the resource Ernest Maurice Frank, a graduate of Cornell University, rose from the ranks of Draftsman to Assistant Vice-President over the course of a three-decade career at Colonial Williamsburg. During the late 1930s, a team of architects drafted plans to fill in the gaps with reconstruction or restoration of structures not included in the initial group completed in the early 1930s. Known as “Phase II” in Colonial Williamsburg’s evolution, the period launched an expansion of plans for future projects at sites such as the George Wythe and Peyton Randolph Houses, many of which became reality after the end of World War II. Singleton P. Moorehead, an architect who joined the Restoration team in 1928 and became part of the architectural office in 1934, and A.E. Kendrew, Foundation Architect, proved to be pivotal in moving Colonial Williamsburg forward with the Phase II transition. They hired Ernest Frank in 1939 to join their team of draftsmen beginning work on Phase II planning. Unfortunately, World War II intervened, and Frank and many other employees left the organization to fulfill their military duties in 1942. Frank re-joined Colonial Williamsburg in 1946 and established his own architectural practice in Williamsburg on the side in 1947. He rapidly advanced to Senior Draftsmen in 1947, Designer in 1948, and assumed the position of Assistant Director of the Architecture, Construction, and Maintenance Division from 1949-1956. In 1957, he became Director of the division until 1964, when he received a promotion to Assistant Vice-President for Colonial Williamsburg Inc. under Charles Hackett. One of Frank’s major projects involved overseeing the reconstruction of additional eighteenth-century features of the Robert Carter House complex. He and his team researched and designed the two long covered ways connecting outbuildings to the main house, as well as Dr. McKenzie’s Shop and several outbuildings. His architectural drawings for the Powder Magazine and Guardhouse, Bryan House, Ewing House, John Crump House, and the new Visitor’s Center complex and Motor House all attest to his extensive contributions. A member of the American Institute of Architects, Frank regularly spoke at architectural forums and design schools and became a recognized authority on colonial Virginian architecture. In his final years at Colonial Williamsburg, Frank served as a deputy to Charles Hackett, who led Colonial Williamsburg Inc. and Williamsburg Restoration Inc., until his death in 1968. A record of Frank’s meticulous research conducted as part of the process of developing designs for reconstructions can be found in the Ernest M. Frank Photograph Collection, AV2009.58, housed at the Rockefeller Library. Frank joined other members of the architectural team in the late 1940s and early 1950s in a series of trips throughout the mid-Atlantic region and to Great Britain to visit sites and record details that might be used as precedents for features of buildings planned for reconstruction. The team had to engage in a certain amount of educated guesswork for certain features of structures for which they could not find archaeological, historical, or visual evidence. A series of ten photo albums encompasses images from the late 1940s to early 1950s of sites at Colonial Williamsburg, various counties in Virginia, Maryland, North Carolina, and South Carolina, and Great Britain. The two albums focusing upon his 1951 trip to England are organized by various types of details under study, such as lamp brackets, signs, shop windows, foot scrapers, chimneys, gates, and fences. Together, the photo albums offer insight into the process used to gather clues for drafting designs for some of the buildings that constitute the second phase of Colonial Williamsburg’s development after World War II. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Frank, Ernest Maurice Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Ernest M. Frank Photograph Collection, AV2009.58 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. Extent The size or duration of the resource. Ten albums Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Gelatin silver print on paper Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Garden Gate Description An account of the resource Detail view of a small gate along a pathway in a garden in Faversham, Kent, England. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context AV2009-58-A08-FRA030_006 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Frank, Ernest M. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1951 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Ernest M. Frank Photograph Collection, AV2009.58, Album 8, Page 30 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Extent The size or duration of the resource. 1 photograph Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Subject The topic of the resource Gates - England - Kent Site elements - England - Kent England Ernest Frank Faversham Gardens Gates Kent https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/3854/archive/files/47a087f71ff98dfb7e3811e9db15340f.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=HwXarspn0BLc5Uw3a-yHJk9HX74wLwIsR9694Mg3Dx5WY92Zxn2j2mw0zY04rz12QuAvZo7mKgHR7K4CmeXYnGmVHDEtznCzYlumLCiaWsYpOTWhkQ7IDqAbeOyuEG2YK6PhtQWuDz5cVsQ4QhOiDSWGRxmPmKJR7-evzFHYoHRPXrgSTdTAscwxWc-W6Vmpth5mfMJCN-r-%7EkRPJ6CiYbkNjgU6yAawTuV5YqVNM1smzCtcSKFrkxyv0GcRgwaNCPOOGx7oIoE%7EK7A5stayZBq3PcThj-zTkRkKRBQXk5LfoVsyMM8toi3mPtjn-M%7EYMCuZhq4IIhmHcm2pEXWQGA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM fb8daab2206f12d80425f9da930c0563 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Highlights of the Susan Higginson Nash Photograph Collection Subject The topic of the resource Nash, Susan Higginson Williamsburg (Va.)--History Architecture, Colonial - Virginia Documentary photography - Virginia Architectural photographs - 1930-1940 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Nash, Susan Higginson Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Description An account of the resource Susan Higginson Nash was born in Brookline, Massachusetts on August 8, 1893 and died in Boston on July 25, 1971. She served as a consultant on antiques and interior decoration in association with the Boston architectural firm of Perry, Shaw, & Hepburn, chosen to carry out the early work on Williamsburg's restoration. Later a member of the American Institute of Decorators, she was a friend of architect William G. Perry with whom she first visited Williamsburg in 1923. During field trips to Virginia sites, she met the popular Richmond novelist Ellen Glasgow, who advised her: "If you do any work at Williamsburg, make it perceptible." Mrs. Nash felt this was a wonderful phrase and quoted it often, evidently taking it to mean that the work should be subtly and sympathetically done. Most of the photos in the Susan Higginson Nash Photograph Collection date to the early 1930s, when steps to be taken in the physical restoration of the colonial capital were still under study. Sites include many of the important extant eighteenth-century houses in the Tidewater region of Virginia, such as Shirley, Westover, Mt. Airy, Sabine Hall and Marmion. Excursions to such sites were made to help in determining proper precedents for the work to be carried out in Williamsburg's Historic Area. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Early 1930s Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Gelatin silver print Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image. 3.25 x 4.25 inches Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Governor's Palace Front Gate Subject The topic of the resource Block 20. Building 03. Governor's Palace (Williamsburg, Va.) Architectural decorations & ornaments - Virginia - Williamsburg Description An account of the resource Crate containing decorative sculptures of lion and unicorn for installation on gate posts stands next to the front gate at the Governor's Palace, Williamsburg, Virginia Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Nash, Susan Higginson Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Circa 1929-1934 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Susan Higginson Nash Photograph Collection, AV2009.35 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Extent The size or duration of the resource. 1 photograph Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Na384 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Brickwork Gates Governor's Palace Ironwork Susan Higginson Nash Virginia Williamsburg https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/3854/archive/files/2142e49536699e631fabd9f514440cc1.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=MdcrWStq3LiNw82RLYarv8StpZz8slf2SxpNHx4uAWaVufZgEhYc7lO27F%7EmqgXbHFWDjUk-YQ8KqlTU9-iQ%7EjAoq0z2rLJWCHmPm9tsY6E3RdmVl4NoTCFaAzrejvW8o9QaHPJK-thvHmP9OWvkDMnwxwGnV0UIBu-VmJDB706Vg3%7EHPTR6TMAAwpqLtXBXhlqUXj42mydYU5QpzfaIdnjihg8gw-esw4ZnagiBeJYwk%7EtLMupbrbW8sbQYlCYmebTfuQLw%7EUnN6ToTj4Gmw7roXrBrpBT8sD4166qYcfXbhrrlFoQQ949SNax5f4hJBHPczNEfrkpNMBLhfeS1Xw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 2d91ca9751ad78f4a73789c4e6d0ac19 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Edward Beckwith Photograph Collection Subject The topic of the resource Beckwith, Edward A. Photographs - Virginia - Williamsburg Architecture, Domestic - Virginia - Williamsburg Architecture, Colonial - Virginia - Williamsburg Historic buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Beckwith, Edward A. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Extent The size or duration of the resource. 363 photographs Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Description An account of the resource Another collection of photos purchased by the Boston architectural firm of Perry, Shaw & Hepburn in 1930 originated with photographer and town resident Edward A. Beckwith. A letter preserved in Corporate Archives indicates that Mr. Beckwith dropped off a selection of images with Dr. W.A.R. Goodwin who forwarded a list of their subjects to Perry, Shaw & Hepburn for their consideration. Beckwith’s photos date to 1926-1933, a critical period in the town’s transformation. Tremendous changes began to occur in rapid succession as properties were acquired, buildings moved or torn down, foundations unearthed, and the first exhibition building, the Raleigh Tavern, opened in September 1932. While he was never on the architectural team’s payroll, Beckwith’s images attracted interest and became part of the growing archive assembled to aid ongoing restoration work. Beckwith’s subjects encompass a broader geographic area and feature many examples of colonial homes in the mid-Atlantic region examined by the architects as part of their fieldwork. It is possible he accompanied them on some of their trips and helped to document extant structures. His images of Williamsburg are purely architectural in focus and highlight aspects of surviving colonial architecture under study. They offer a contrast to other pre-restoration photo collections which give glimpses into town life with street vistas, carriages, automobiles, and residents. As the third decade of the twentieth century started in Williamsburg, Beckwith stood poised with his camera to change the focus to the architectural transformations that were soon to take place. Evidence of early steps towards investigating structures and removing nineteenth-century additions and modifications is visible in several of his compositions. His contrasting views of the George Wythe House in 1926 and 1929 document its transition from a dilapidated and deteriorating building to the headquarters for Dr. Goodwin’s office to oversee restoration activities. The collection encompasses black and white photographs and associated negatives documenting extant colonial era architecture throughout the state of Virginia in the late 1920s. They offered crucial visual references of specific architectural features of interest for the restoration of eighteenth century buildings in Williamsburg’s historic area. Williamsburg, Virginia structures depicted include Carter’s Grove, Barraud House, Bassett Hall, John Blair House, Bracken House, Thomas Everard House, Bruton Parish Church, Nelson-Galt House, Prentis Store, Powell House, The Quarter, Peyton Randolph House, Semple House, Tazewell Hall, Travis House, St. George Tucker House, Benjamin Waller House, and George Wythe House. In addition, many architectural sites elsewhere in Virginia that were visited and examined by the architectural team are represented in the photographs. They include Abingdon Church, Auburn, Belleville, Bonne Elms, Elmwood, Glebe House, Green Plains, Claremont Manor, Four Mile Tree, Hayfield, Jamestown Church, Kinloch, Larabee House, Little England, Lower Brandon, Mount Airy, Mount Clement, Nelson House, Port Royal, Prospect, Rosegill, Shirley, Smith’s Fort, Upper Brandon, Warner Hall, Westover, and Wilton. All of the photos are 11 x 14 inch gelatin silver prints on paper. Originally presented in two folios, they clearly demonstrate a more direct intent to create aesthetically pleasing images that could possibly be used in a future architectural publication. Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 1926-1929 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Gelatin silver print Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image. 11 x 14 inches Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Interior Door, Herbert Smith House Description An account of the resource Interior door, Herbert Smith House, Staunton, Augusta County, Virginia Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Beckwith, Edward Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Edward Beckwith Photograph Collection, AV2009.5 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Extent The size or duration of the resource. 1 photograph Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Be315 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Subject The topic of the resource Architecture, Domestic - Virginia - Augusta County Historic buildings - Virginia - Augusta County Architectural elements - Virginia - Augusta County Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1933 Augusta County Doors Edward Beckwith Half Moon Windows Herbert Smith House Staunton Virginia Woodwork https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/3854/archive/files/9e670173dc6264a34a653584465144bd.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=mKwpfLk2Iq679bqpc-qw1Vn9XU5Llnefe1UQe3wMM-F%7EYE7Df70lRj4b8x02lke3Y5jflFUFDrMoPyL%7EtWnIxRcO4ydE6yCOOsAfAqpGf260Mi-DPqOvgF-PIZLBBQksJZqVDGvlQgapt07TFlVQK9nwSOChyBTxh2LpVfMuE1AvCoI62RQcpjKYwa88A7%7E4VJO7Sa%7E8KrAhk357eEzeqBsFh1TGbdvLKU-eSC0f0DnUJO8YKxWp4Z7CZBJg%7EKEYWbklZYmEpNJZ8itdj3BCXrqcvBRAfAMc4B06D5aZRPL9jzZba9MtVWCdEjDeCi6467GnRADr9BI9Zsp2xum64g__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 5c761ca745e09bc7844ccd12baab77b7 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Edward Beckwith Photograph Collection Subject The topic of the resource Beckwith, Edward A. Photographs - Virginia - Williamsburg Architecture, Domestic - Virginia - Williamsburg Architecture, Colonial - Virginia - Williamsburg Historic buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Beckwith, Edward A. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Extent The size or duration of the resource. 363 photographs Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Description An account of the resource Another collection of photos purchased by the Boston architectural firm of Perry, Shaw & Hepburn in 1930 originated with photographer and town resident Edward A. Beckwith. A letter preserved in Corporate Archives indicates that Mr. Beckwith dropped off a selection of images with Dr. W.A.R. Goodwin who forwarded a list of their subjects to Perry, Shaw & Hepburn for their consideration. Beckwith’s photos date to 1926-1933, a critical period in the town’s transformation. Tremendous changes began to occur in rapid succession as properties were acquired, buildings moved or torn down, foundations unearthed, and the first exhibition building, the Raleigh Tavern, opened in September 1932. While he was never on the architectural team’s payroll, Beckwith’s images attracted interest and became part of the growing archive assembled to aid ongoing restoration work. Beckwith’s subjects encompass a broader geographic area and feature many examples of colonial homes in the mid-Atlantic region examined by the architects as part of their fieldwork. It is possible he accompanied them on some of their trips and helped to document extant structures. His images of Williamsburg are purely architectural in focus and highlight aspects of surviving colonial architecture under study. They offer a contrast to other pre-restoration photo collections which give glimpses into town life with street vistas, carriages, automobiles, and residents. As the third decade of the twentieth century started in Williamsburg, Beckwith stood poised with his camera to change the focus to the architectural transformations that were soon to take place. Evidence of early steps towards investigating structures and removing nineteenth-century additions and modifications is visible in several of his compositions. His contrasting views of the George Wythe House in 1926 and 1929 document its transition from a dilapidated and deteriorating building to the headquarters for Dr. Goodwin’s office to oversee restoration activities. The collection encompasses black and white photographs and associated negatives documenting extant colonial era architecture throughout the state of Virginia in the late 1920s. They offered crucial visual references of specific architectural features of interest for the restoration of eighteenth century buildings in Williamsburg’s historic area. Williamsburg, Virginia structures depicted include Carter’s Grove, Barraud House, Bassett Hall, John Blair House, Bracken House, Thomas Everard House, Bruton Parish Church, Nelson-Galt House, Prentis Store, Powell House, The Quarter, Peyton Randolph House, Semple House, Tazewell Hall, Travis House, St. George Tucker House, Benjamin Waller House, and George Wythe House. In addition, many architectural sites elsewhere in Virginia that were visited and examined by the architectural team are represented in the photographs. They include Abingdon Church, Auburn, Belleville, Bonne Elms, Elmwood, Glebe House, Green Plains, Claremont Manor, Four Mile Tree, Hayfield, Jamestown Church, Kinloch, Larabee House, Little England, Lower Brandon, Mount Airy, Mount Clement, Nelson House, Port Royal, Prospect, Rosegill, Shirley, Smith’s Fort, Upper Brandon, Warner Hall, Westover, and Wilton. All of the photos are 11 x 14 inch gelatin silver prints on paper. Originally presented in two folios, they clearly demonstrate a more direct intent to create aesthetically pleasing images that could possibly be used in a future architectural publication. Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 1926-1929 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Gelatin silver print Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image. 11 x 14 inches Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Lester Reed House Description An account of the resource View looking through trees and shrubs in garden towards a portion of the exterior elevation of the Lester Reed House, Entrance, Richmond, Virginia Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Beckwith, Edward Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Edward Beckwith Photograph Collection, AV2009.5 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Extent The size or duration of the resource. 1 photograph Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Be337 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Subject The topic of the resource Architecture, Domestic - Virginia - Richmond Historic buildings - Virginia - Richmond Gardens - Virginia - Richmond Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1933 Brickwork Dormers Edward Beckwith Gardens Lester Reed House Richmond Shutters Stringcourses Virginia https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/3854/archive/files/e29cd4cf75abd86b65d7ec3891c5351e.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=EkKjKK7DBdurpSZ66AWpa6epWNMQoLhC%7E%7ES2MEoyjmsQ0G6mwnMfAPfW9WWiS%7ELlSZ3fd4RhipSOyp7NCOFqGM4s3ZPtRuiVEetbs3n3qNzWKkDiCEkY36L7fNtd4u0FSlZF2rrbE%7E5tDBBH4Ov%7E8a%7EoJclEuDmsFFG-MK7QobDBa9O3y0BO-IUyvf9JGPAVwJahF2KiNmkZmT4I%7E-%7EmlebbYBZy0VTJZGHL8VRTQccbKLwZOw9h3tIVwY-JQbU7HgAFJP0TJWGWu4aT-hqSpRxAz%7EJ17qnL0y1u7AoAHnFGwU45TTLFJAmtU%7ESpkbpHLK%7EwMRsx6lA14W4VhgGJOw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 02801db10c7362b16539abe8e8a056b9 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Edward Beckwith Photograph Collection Subject The topic of the resource Beckwith, Edward A. Photographs - Virginia - Williamsburg Architecture, Domestic - Virginia - Williamsburg Architecture, Colonial - Virginia - Williamsburg Historic buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Beckwith, Edward A. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Extent The size or duration of the resource. 363 photographs Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Description An account of the resource Another collection of photos purchased by the Boston architectural firm of Perry, Shaw & Hepburn in 1930 originated with photographer and town resident Edward A. Beckwith. A letter preserved in Corporate Archives indicates that Mr. Beckwith dropped off a selection of images with Dr. W.A.R. Goodwin who forwarded a list of their subjects to Perry, Shaw & Hepburn for their consideration. Beckwith’s photos date to 1926-1933, a critical period in the town’s transformation. Tremendous changes began to occur in rapid succession as properties were acquired, buildings moved or torn down, foundations unearthed, and the first exhibition building, the Raleigh Tavern, opened in September 1932. While he was never on the architectural team’s payroll, Beckwith’s images attracted interest and became part of the growing archive assembled to aid ongoing restoration work. Beckwith’s subjects encompass a broader geographic area and feature many examples of colonial homes in the mid-Atlantic region examined by the architects as part of their fieldwork. It is possible he accompanied them on some of their trips and helped to document extant structures. His images of Williamsburg are purely architectural in focus and highlight aspects of surviving colonial architecture under study. They offer a contrast to other pre-restoration photo collections which give glimpses into town life with street vistas, carriages, automobiles, and residents. As the third decade of the twentieth century started in Williamsburg, Beckwith stood poised with his camera to change the focus to the architectural transformations that were soon to take place. Evidence of early steps towards investigating structures and removing nineteenth-century additions and modifications is visible in several of his compositions. His contrasting views of the George Wythe House in 1926 and 1929 document its transition from a dilapidated and deteriorating building to the headquarters for Dr. Goodwin’s office to oversee restoration activities. The collection encompasses black and white photographs and associated negatives documenting extant colonial era architecture throughout the state of Virginia in the late 1920s. They offered crucial visual references of specific architectural features of interest for the restoration of eighteenth century buildings in Williamsburg’s historic area. Williamsburg, Virginia structures depicted include Carter’s Grove, Barraud House, Bassett Hall, John Blair House, Bracken House, Thomas Everard House, Bruton Parish Church, Nelson-Galt House, Prentis Store, Powell House, The Quarter, Peyton Randolph House, Semple House, Tazewell Hall, Travis House, St. George Tucker House, Benjamin Waller House, and George Wythe House. In addition, many architectural sites elsewhere in Virginia that were visited and examined by the architectural team are represented in the photographs. They include Abingdon Church, Auburn, Belleville, Bonne Elms, Elmwood, Glebe House, Green Plains, Claremont Manor, Four Mile Tree, Hayfield, Jamestown Church, Kinloch, Larabee House, Little England, Lower Brandon, Mount Airy, Mount Clement, Nelson House, Port Royal, Prospect, Rosegill, Shirley, Smith’s Fort, Upper Brandon, Warner Hall, Westover, and Wilton. All of the photos are 11 x 14 inch gelatin silver prints on paper. Originally presented in two folios, they clearly demonstrate a more direct intent to create aesthetically pleasing images that could possibly be used in a future architectural publication. Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 1926-1929 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Gelatin silver print Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image. 11 x 14 inches Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Library, Rose Hill Description An account of the resource Library, Rose Hill, Greenwood, Albemarle County, Virginia Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Beckwith, Edward Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Edward Beckwith Photograph Collection, AV2009.5 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Extent The size or duration of the resource. 1 photograph Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Be279 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Subject The topic of the resource Architecture, Domestic - Virginia - Albemarle County Plantations - Virginia - Albemarle County Furnishings Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1933 Albemarle County Ceiling Beams Edward Beckwith Fireplaces Greenwood Libraries Mantels Paneling Rose Hill Virginia Woodwork https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/3854/archive/files/e6d2b0d20bea1a31dee66c0589a9d4ab.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=im2AkVpMNWAv1lVv0xz5O4Tr16yf3xDbmCGRRRTK2sZqtskNVYdN6axi556aGxskxqkmQBWMn5zsCtuK7qxmdjZReKZrqGKq3XGZ7pgQ9yLUWdMNSXvca-lANJwU8qfBhIpKcm%7ECiFT%7E6kz%7EdENJroxaiVa6mVZ1N9Jc3didQEDFlpE2Tj1f3LUA2EuGqZU5S3Gmuh8agCofmSvBwDFYqHgskWr9RbjH8fVlO1BScW%7EnOsYSnux5SOx6IeRt3QOZGy2PKiJW--MAeDKY5hyb7N0CugPOwYrFN4NZuXet0HiYhGTBZrue2GBLMnmnehOiLvl5wQdkncvwEzrmfIaO2w__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 51cb7da08c7f4b8263f374e33652080c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Earl Gregg Swem Photograph Collection Subject The topic of the resource Swem, E.G. (Earl Gregg), 1870-1965 Historic buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg Architectural photographs - 1920-1930 Description An account of the resource This collection of sixty-two black and white photographs primarily documents buildings in pre-restoration era Williamsburg at the beginning of the 1920s. It is not known whether Swem took the photographs in this collection himself or gathered them from various local sources as part of his ongoing research on Virginia history topics. Williamsburg structures represented include the Benjamin Waller House, the Chiswell-Bucktrout House, Moody House, Bracken Tenement, Lightfoot House, Nicholas-Tyler Office, Benjamin Powell House, Mayo House, Wetherburn's Tavern, Palmer House, Dr. Barraud House, Taliaferro-Cole House, Travis House, Alexander Craig House, Public Records Office, Prentis Store, Charlton House, Dudley Digges House (now known as the Bray School), Coke-Garrett House, Peyton Randolph House,Grissell-Hay Tenement, St. George Tucker House, Timson House, St. John House, Roscow Cole House, Ewing House, and the Tayloe House. A few historic sites outside of Williamsburg are also included and encompass Bacon's Castle, Smith's Fort Plantation, and unidentified houses in Smithfield and at Kingsmill Farm. The Confederate stone obelisk on Palace Green, the commemorative obelisk on the site of the Governor's Palace, and mulberry trees on Francis Street are some miscellaneous features of early 1920s Williamsburg that are visually documented in the collection. Several business enterprises once located along Duke of Gloucester Street are recorded in Swem's photographs, including the Williamsburg Hotel on Market Square. Dr. Earl Gregg Swem served as a librarian at the College of William and Mary from 1920-1944. A graduate of Lafayette College, he began building his library career through several positions in the Chicago area in the late 19th-century. In 1903, he accepted an appointment to a position in the Copyright Office of the Library of Congress. He then held the position of Assistant State Librarian of Virginia from 1907-1919. In 1920, he arrived in Williamsburg to head the College of William & Mary's Library, where he worked diligently to expand its historical collections into what would one day be the nucleus of the library's Special Collections Research Center. During his tenure at the College of William & Mary, Swem also managed the William & Mary Quarterly and published the Virginia Historical Index in 1936. After his death in 1965, the College named its new main library the Earl Gregg Swem Library in his honor. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Swem, Earl Gregg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Early 1920s Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Gelatin silver print Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image. 8" x 10" inches Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Lightfoot House Subject The topic of the resource Historic Houses - Virginia - Williamsburg Lightfoot House (Williamsburg, Va.) Block 03. Building 10. Architecture, Domestic - Virginia - Williamsburg Description An account of the resource Pre-restoration view of the north façade of the Lightfoot House (formerly the Allen-Byrd House or Coke House), Williamsburg, Virginia. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Swem, Earl Gregg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Circa 1920 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. Circa 1920 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Earl Gregg Swem Photograph Collection, AV2009.24, Folder 1 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Swem-36 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Allen-Byrd House Brickwork Chimneys Coke House Columns Cornices Dentils Earl Gregg Swem Gates Lightfoot House Shutters Virginia Williamsburg https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/3854/archive/files/ce55396f436136297d0df9b3644f040d.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=sc4enE8y6Z7132Iydi9ixVfhyQrXSpk7VbCO4LFM1bumA6-q9hhHSkF2IG7GcL4xNAJj06qXb1uFTVUAPe38MshKh5XHYvaeutZgs21CES0lCz7JpJ%7E5hBGBN2AEAl9mDqUYEiUkuClgamze3daDSOS2uTCAlrmPXRrpGhudk4TSa28expA7G31l1uyQH1NqsRFXQok5AQ1hDFgzfHPj34h%7EEVaIkwQ-SDjdd0M8vByu49mTl3YANY6NIfnHznExti3MeoPbpiKRkE2CgJUhXlyqxw%7ECkFqByWANo90fB7650XE9I0s4uGhEE%7E2jkhatGC27PGeAcWHgXiXVjvZAMw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM c424463d4ef276e50d10aadf22f014e6 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Highlights of the Albert Durant Photography Collection Description An account of the resource The Albert Durant Photography Collection encompasses photoprints, negatives, slides, and personal papers that document the photographic production of Williamsburg's first black city-licensed photographer, Albert Durant. Durant's photographic output provides a priceless visual history of African American life in Williamsburg, Virginia and surrounding communities from the late 1930s to the early 1960s. Since the collection encompasses ten thousand images, highlights of some of the major subject categories covered by the photos are presented here. The collection provides a fascinating glimpse into African American social life in Williamsburg during the 1940s and 1950s. Durant captured the atmosphere of local jazz and night clubs through scenes of performers singing and dancing and audiences socializing. Durant also acted as photographer for many African American clubs and organizations. Along with taking formal group portraits, he documented these groups through informal shots of meetings, dinners, and special events. African American student life during segregation is also featured in this visual archive. While a high school student at James City County Training School, Durant began developing his interest in photography by taking images of student activities, including sports, dances, plays, assemblies, and graduations. As an adult, Durant acted as a portrait photographer for Junior-Senior Proms at local black high schools and also documented the sports teams, marching bands, choirs, students, and faculty at Bruton Heights School in Williamsburg. African American spiritual life is another strength of the collection. Durant photographed church groups, such as choirs and missionary circles, as well as individuals participating in rituals at many different black churches in the Williamsburg area. Occupations, working conditions, and business opportunities for African Americans in Williamsburg are recorded in Durant's photos, too. The photos show African Americans working in restaurants, beauty and barber shops, stores, offices, dry cleaners, and gas stations. Albert Wadsworth Durant was born on February 2, 1920 in New York City to Samuel and Bessie Durant. His mother was a native of Williamsburg who moved with her husband to New York and worked as a domestic servant for a family. After the death of her husband, who was originally from the West Indies, Bessie Durant and her children relocated to Williamsburg, Virginia, in 1929. At age 36, Durant married Elsie Lucille Ferguson on August 18, 1956. They raised three sons, Albert W. Durant Jr., Byron Murphy, and Roderick Ferguson, and two daughters, Yvette Durant and Deanna Ferguson. Albert Durant ran his own chauffeuring and limousine business in the Williamsburg area, providing services to many distinguished visitors to the city, including the Queen Mother of England, the Prince of Japan, and various chief justices. He often took his customers on excursions to local historic sites, including Colonial Williamsburg, Jamestown, and the James River plantations. Through course work at the College of William and Mary, Durant acquired a background in American history which enabled him to provide historical commentary as he drove customers through the countryside. Durant's contacts at the College of William and Mary sparked his initial interest in photography and once he had obtained equipment and training, Durant began creating his own historical record of the Williamsburg area. He produced hundreds of portraits documenting the families and activities of African American residents and also documented significant events, places, and persons in and around Williamsburg. In addition, Albert Durant worked to improve conditions for African Americans in Williamsburg by serving in various positions in the city's government. He acted as the first black Justice of the Peace and Bail Commissioner in Williamsburg and served as the first black magistrate of the General District Court from his appointment in 1962 until his retirement in 1975. Albert Durant died at age 71 on April 14, 1991. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Gelatin silver print Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image. 8x10 inches Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Log Cabin Beach Picnic Subject The topic of the resource African American Photographers African Americans - Virginia - Williamsburg - Social life and customs African Americans - Virginia - Williamsburg - Photographs Log Cabin Beach (Williamsburg, Va.) Segregation - Virginia - Williamsburg Description An account of the resource African Americans having a picnic on the beach at Log Cabin Beach, a segregated swimming and recreational facility located on the James River just outside of Williamsburg, Virginia, circa 1950s. Individuals identified as (l to r) unidentified, Roland Epps, Sarah Belpree, & John Billups (a waiter at Chowning's Tavern). Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Durant, Albert W. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Circa 1950's Date Created Date of creation of the resource. Circa 1950's Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Albert W. Durant Photography Collection, AV-1992.1, Box 13, Folder 10 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DUR-5662 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation African Americans Albert Wadsworth Durant Beaches Chowning's Tavern James River John Billups Log Cabin Beach Picnics Recreation Roland Epps Sarah Belpree Social Life Virginia Williamsburg https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/3854/archive/files/c6c5031868b526216a364a7df5bbaf7e.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=U-v6EFBFfbRMnxJ-Rdr6JKy3oKknyHkYcM2PU1oWlifH1zFVXG96DT9XR7z1B0Lm25K8TNeIsA1R2DlIZflImrVQt57csyo7nGMdPg3wQRBKyLdgYJNAd7KDlZF7y7s0eoa4epbjF%7E89ZBLxSGg-aA2q2660CNkGHUOzp%7EY92eCs0evDCcLLmmtgVsuZpwFLHZhGFv7v4qAxj6tqbYjvsTfZA8mDJ9zvv1drenMY6u6C4RDu80bpSH9SStoWBU1LVKCPLjhKACJImDYslaSy2wF3UoslEr8eqYvLwAntuj0dqLHfjrGe2kw%7E5Ypujm85cCcycGM9p5443OWMDVxaAA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 6c742d7803c5ae05af60f7e16f95566a Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 Height 768 Width 971 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource F.S. Lincoln Photography Collection Description An account of the resource The FS Lincoln Collection Biographical Sketch Mr. Fay S. Lincoln (known professionally as F.S. Lincoln) operated a photography studio in New York City from the 1930s until the mid 1960s. He was born in Keene, New Hampshire in 1894 and attended the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Although he received training as an engineer, Mr. Lincoln chose to become a professional photographer in 1929, when he opened the firm of Nyholm &amp; Lincoln in conjunction with another photographer, Peter Nyholm, in New York City. A few years later, he opened his own studio at 114 East 32nd St.1 In 1932, Lincoln began corresponding with Kenneth Chorley, President of the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, about the possibility of contracting with the Foundation to photograph the completed restoration work at Williamsburg. Lincoln had learned that John D. Rockefeller, Jr. was looking for someone to create a master collection of photos of Williamsburg through Arthur S. Vernay, an acquaintance of Abby Aldrich Rockefeller. In his correspondence, Lincoln noted he had completed photographic assignments for many of the top architects and designers in New York, including Arthur S. Vernay, Joseph Urban, James Gamble Rogers, Voorhees, Gmelin &amp; Walker, McKim, Mead, &amp; White, Robert Locher, and Eugene Schoen. He also pointed out that he had sold architectural photos to many prominent magazines, including "Architectural Record," "National Geographic," "Country Life," "Architectural Forum," and "Spur."2 Lincoln's credentials, along with sample photographs and recommendations from magazine editors, enabled him to secure a contract with Colonial Williamsburg on April 22, 1935. According to the terms of the contract, Lincoln was hired to prepare a master collection of photographs and negatives that Colonial Williamsburg could sell to tourists and residents of Williamsburg, as well as use for promotional purposes. Lincoln retained the right to sell copies of his photographs at his New York studio, provided he consulted with the Foundation regarding the proposed use of the photographs. He also retained title to all negatives and copyright for all photos until the termination of his business. Plans for a traveling exhibition of Lincoln's photographs of Williamsburg were also mentioned in the contract.3 During 1935, F.S. Lincoln traveled to Williamsburg at seasonal intervals to photograph views requested by the Foundation. A panel of Colonial Williamsburg employees reviewed each series of photos and selected a group to be added to the master collection. F.S. Lincoln photos illustrated two portfolios about Colonial Williamsburg published in the "Architectural Record" in December 1935 and November 1936. Full-page black and white photos of restored buildings and gardens accompanied articles on the restoration written by Kenneth Chorley, Fiske Kimball, William G. Perry, and Arthur Shurcliff. Thus, Lincoln's photos gave the American public their first introduction to the completed restoration. Lincoln had also been hired by Colonial Williamsburg to create a group of photographs of Williamsburg that could be exhibited. Correspondence between staff members indicates that John D. Rockefeller, Jr. hoped to mount a traveling exhibit of Williamsburg photographs. An exhibit of a selection of Lincoln's views of Williamsburg, along with photos he took for "Harper's Bazaar," "House and Garden," "House Beautiful," "Vanity Fair," "National Geographic," and "Town and Country," was held at the Rabinovitch Gallery in New York City from October 4-17, 1935. Although Foundation employees were satisfied with the quality of Lincoln's photographs, they were dismayed by the cost of individual prints and enlargements. Memos exchanged between members of the marketing staff indicate that employees were having a hard time convincing distributors to purchase enlargements of the Lincoln photos for display in shop windows. As a result, the Foundation's agreement with F.S. Lincoln was terminated on April 21, 1936.4 Despite this setback, F.S. Lincoln secured contracts for many other architectural photography projects in the 1930s. He received numerous commissions to photograph buildings in New York City and also traveled abroad on several assignments. In 1934, he completed a portfolio of photos of Mont St. Michel and in 1938 he toured the deep South and photographed examples of antebellum architecture. Lincoln's photos were widely published in the 1930s and 1940s in such magazines as "Architectural Record," "House Beautiful," "National Geographic," "Country Life," and "Architectural Forum." In addition, he published a book of his photographs in 1946 entitled "Charleston: Photographic Studies by F.S. Lincoln."5 F.S. Lincoln continued to operate a photography studio in New York City until 1965, when he retired and moved to Center Hall, Pennsylvania to live with his sister. He forwarded all of his negatives of Williamsburg buildings to the Foundation in 1972, along with a letter stating that “the copyright of the photographs has run out, so you are free to use them as desired.”6 Upon his death in 1976, the remainder of Lincoln's archive of prints and negatives, as well as some business papers, were donated to the Pennsylvania State University Archives. Scope and Contents The F.S. Lincoln collection consists of black and white negatives and prints taken by Mr. Lincoln in preparation for the publication of "The Restoration of Colonial Williamsburg in Virginia," a series of articles appearing in the December 1935 and November 1936 issues of "The Architectural Record." Both issues featured a portfolio of buildings and gardens in the newly restored historic area of Williamsburg. In order to produce a large pool of photos for use in these portfolios, Mr. Lincoln created comprehensive visual documentation of the work completed during the initial phases of the restoration (1927-1935.) He photographed the exteriors and interiors of thirty restored buildings, including the exhibition buildings open to the public, such as the Governor's Palace, the Capitol, Raleigh Tavern, Bruton Parish Church, the Wren Building, and the Powder Magazine. In addition, he captured exterior views of some of the shops open on Merchant's Square and restored buildings adapted for public use, such as the Public Library. He also photographed many of the gardens and garden ornaments throughout the restored area. The collection is organized into series by format. Series included in the collection are negatives; bound matted and signed prints; unbound matted and signed prints; and small albums. Within each format, items are organized according to the numbering system assigned by Mr. Lincoln. The first three digits of numbers assigned to the images correspond to a particular building or subject category. For example, all images of the Capitol have numbers beginning with 325 and all miscellaneous views have numbers beginning with 365. After these first three digits, Lincoln added a P for print and then a successive number for each view. For example, the first view of the Capitol is number 325P1. An “LC” prefix has been added to all image numbers by the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation to identify the images as coming from the Lincoln Collection. Endnotes 1 Champagne, Anne, “Fay S. Lincoln Collection,” History of Photography 17, (Spring 1993): 127-128. 2 F.S. Lincoln to B.W. Norton, October 18, 1933. Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Archives. 3 Agreement dated April 22, 1935 between Colonial Williamsburg, Inc. and F.S. Lincoln, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Archives. 4 Mr. Norton to Mr. Darling, February 22, 1937; Kenneth Chorley to F.S. Lincoln, April 6, 1937, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Archives. 5 Champagne, Anne, “Fay S. Lincoln Collection,” History of Photography 17 (Spring 1993): 128. 6 F.S. Lincoln to James R. Short, May 15, 1972, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Archives. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Gelatin or collodian printing out paper with platinum toning, mounted on board. Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image. 8x10 inches Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Market Square Tavern, Great Room Subject The topic of the resource Market Square Tavern (Williamsburg, Va.) Historic buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg Block 12. Building 13. Taverns (Inns) - Virginia - Williamsburg Description An account of the resource View of the west end of the Great Room of the Market Square Tavern taken by F.S. Lincoln in 1935. The original tavern structure burned down in 1859 but the remains of the original foundations allowed for the restoration of the building to its eighteenth-century appearance. John Dixon constructed the original around 1749 and used it as a combination dwelling and shop. Later additions allowed the building to be converted into a tavern operated first by Thomas Craig and later by Gabriel Maupin. After its restoration in the early 1930s, guests at Colonial Williamsburg could rent rooms in the tavern to experience some colonial ambiance. The Great Room served as a gathering spot for conversations, games, and special occasions. Its focal point is a large round table encircled by Windsor chairs. A desk, high chest of drawers, side table, armchair, and ladder-back side chair complete the furnishings. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Lincoln, F.S. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1935 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 1935 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This material is protected by copyright law (Title 17, U.S. Code). For reproduction queries: <a href="http://research.history.org/JDRLibrary/Visual_Resources/VisualResourcePermission.cfm">Rights and reproductions</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LC328P2 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Armchairs Candlesticks Ceramics Chests of Drawers Curtains Desks F.S. Lincoln Great Room Historic Buildings Inns Ladder Back Chairs Maps Market Square Tavern Prints Rugs Side Chairs Side Tables Tables Taverns Virginia Williamsburg Windsor https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/3854/archive/files/cfc1672ff13ce153ef87ef2f73a0ec7b.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=hNFOcDWNkT-eBCgmmQHykMxnHZ3BFigj3Pe2gygKzEqmXjy%7EKYpZhzIZ3bg7Zc5Ttl3UKTx4ZZb89jWa6Q2PhLXyi35RnKB38GMOTttlgFk2FBcbTqlYtA6vMr3BTalRAiTT1fUSYiYu-DpLojCw-QyuuBiFqjFjxZjH6R1qy7xA8YlmUnNApEC-uw3w8nEJrO%7EwydyfFBA6BzSNrwWwhXZzuQQnwFOb-M4%7ExkKkDCdQt78A4Tih8zqfmY9oUwOJh%7EtL1LtMk3aGvUiuoDwqwv4Ktkj%7EjF8sbhVgML6lavDhXr1dx7D3gYP6S7DkWiqjNjhQ33jDWRFcxjrjH6yaew__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM e99e96d3c894a1bb0d26a5251e870237 Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 Height 768 Width 971 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource F.S. Lincoln Photography Collection Description An account of the resource The FS Lincoln Collection Biographical Sketch Mr. Fay S. Lincoln (known professionally as F.S. Lincoln) operated a photography studio in New York City from the 1930s until the mid 1960s. He was born in Keene, New Hampshire in 1894 and attended the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Although he received training as an engineer, Mr. Lincoln chose to become a professional photographer in 1929, when he opened the firm of Nyholm &amp; Lincoln in conjunction with another photographer, Peter Nyholm, in New York City. A few years later, he opened his own studio at 114 East 32nd St.1 In 1932, Lincoln began corresponding with Kenneth Chorley, President of the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, about the possibility of contracting with the Foundation to photograph the completed restoration work at Williamsburg. Lincoln had learned that John D. Rockefeller, Jr. was looking for someone to create a master collection of photos of Williamsburg through Arthur S. Vernay, an acquaintance of Abby Aldrich Rockefeller. In his correspondence, Lincoln noted he had completed photographic assignments for many of the top architects and designers in New York, including Arthur S. Vernay, Joseph Urban, James Gamble Rogers, Voorhees, Gmelin &amp; Walker, McKim, Mead, &amp; White, Robert Locher, and Eugene Schoen. He also pointed out that he had sold architectural photos to many prominent magazines, including "Architectural Record," "National Geographic," "Country Life," "Architectural Forum," and "Spur."2 Lincoln's credentials, along with sample photographs and recommendations from magazine editors, enabled him to secure a contract with Colonial Williamsburg on April 22, 1935. According to the terms of the contract, Lincoln was hired to prepare a master collection of photographs and negatives that Colonial Williamsburg could sell to tourists and residents of Williamsburg, as well as use for promotional purposes. Lincoln retained the right to sell copies of his photographs at his New York studio, provided he consulted with the Foundation regarding the proposed use of the photographs. He also retained title to all negatives and copyright for all photos until the termination of his business. Plans for a traveling exhibition of Lincoln's photographs of Williamsburg were also mentioned in the contract.3 During 1935, F.S. Lincoln traveled to Williamsburg at seasonal intervals to photograph views requested by the Foundation. A panel of Colonial Williamsburg employees reviewed each series of photos and selected a group to be added to the master collection. F.S. Lincoln photos illustrated two portfolios about Colonial Williamsburg published in the "Architectural Record" in December 1935 and November 1936. Full-page black and white photos of restored buildings and gardens accompanied articles on the restoration written by Kenneth Chorley, Fiske Kimball, William G. Perry, and Arthur Shurcliff. Thus, Lincoln's photos gave the American public their first introduction to the completed restoration. Lincoln had also been hired by Colonial Williamsburg to create a group of photographs of Williamsburg that could be exhibited. Correspondence between staff members indicates that John D. Rockefeller, Jr. hoped to mount a traveling exhibit of Williamsburg photographs. An exhibit of a selection of Lincoln's views of Williamsburg, along with photos he took for "Harper's Bazaar," "House and Garden," "House Beautiful," "Vanity Fair," "National Geographic," and "Town and Country," was held at the Rabinovitch Gallery in New York City from October 4-17, 1935. Although Foundation employees were satisfied with the quality of Lincoln's photographs, they were dismayed by the cost of individual prints and enlargements. Memos exchanged between members of the marketing staff indicate that employees were having a hard time convincing distributors to purchase enlargements of the Lincoln photos for display in shop windows. As a result, the Foundation's agreement with F.S. Lincoln was terminated on April 21, 1936.4 Despite this setback, F.S. Lincoln secured contracts for many other architectural photography projects in the 1930s. He received numerous commissions to photograph buildings in New York City and also traveled abroad on several assignments. In 1934, he completed a portfolio of photos of Mont St. Michel and in 1938 he toured the deep South and photographed examples of antebellum architecture. Lincoln's photos were widely published in the 1930s and 1940s in such magazines as "Architectural Record," "House Beautiful," "National Geographic," "Country Life," and "Architectural Forum." In addition, he published a book of his photographs in 1946 entitled "Charleston: Photographic Studies by F.S. Lincoln."5 F.S. Lincoln continued to operate a photography studio in New York City until 1965, when he retired and moved to Center Hall, Pennsylvania to live with his sister. He forwarded all of his negatives of Williamsburg buildings to the Foundation in 1972, along with a letter stating that “the copyright of the photographs has run out, so you are free to use them as desired.”6 Upon his death in 1976, the remainder of Lincoln's archive of prints and negatives, as well as some business papers, were donated to the Pennsylvania State University Archives. Scope and Contents The F.S. Lincoln collection consists of black and white negatives and prints taken by Mr. Lincoln in preparation for the publication of "The Restoration of Colonial Williamsburg in Virginia," a series of articles appearing in the December 1935 and November 1936 issues of "The Architectural Record." Both issues featured a portfolio of buildings and gardens in the newly restored historic area of Williamsburg. In order to produce a large pool of photos for use in these portfolios, Mr. Lincoln created comprehensive visual documentation of the work completed during the initial phases of the restoration (1927-1935.) He photographed the exteriors and interiors of thirty restored buildings, including the exhibition buildings open to the public, such as the Governor's Palace, the Capitol, Raleigh Tavern, Bruton Parish Church, the Wren Building, and the Powder Magazine. In addition, he captured exterior views of some of the shops open on Merchant's Square and restored buildings adapted for public use, such as the Public Library. He also photographed many of the gardens and garden ornaments throughout the restored area. The collection is organized into series by format. Series included in the collection are negatives; bound matted and signed prints; unbound matted and signed prints; and small albums. Within each format, items are organized according to the numbering system assigned by Mr. Lincoln. The first three digits of numbers assigned to the images correspond to a particular building or subject category. For example, all images of the Capitol have numbers beginning with 325 and all miscellaneous views have numbers beginning with 365. After these first three digits, Lincoln added a P for print and then a successive number for each view. For example, the first view of the Capitol is number 325P1. An “LC” prefix has been added to all image numbers by the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation to identify the images as coming from the Lincoln Collection. Endnotes 1 Champagne, Anne, “Fay S. Lincoln Collection,” History of Photography 17, (Spring 1993): 127-128. 2 F.S. Lincoln to B.W. Norton, October 18, 1933. Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Archives. 3 Agreement dated April 22, 1935 between Colonial Williamsburg, Inc. and F.S. Lincoln, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Archives. 4 Mr. Norton to Mr. Darling, February 22, 1937; Kenneth Chorley to F.S. Lincoln, April 6, 1937, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Archives. 5 Champagne, Anne, “Fay S. Lincoln Collection,” History of Photography 17 (Spring 1993): 128. 6 F.S. Lincoln to James R. Short, May 15, 1972, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Archives. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Gelatin or collodian printing out paper with platinum toning, mounted on board. Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image. 8x10 inches Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Market Square Tavern, Great Room Subject The topic of the resource Market Square Tavern (Williamsburg, Va.) Block 12. Building 13. Historic buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg Taverns (Inns) - Virginia - Williamsburg Description An account of the resource View of the west end of the Great Room of the Market Square Tavern taken by F.S. Lincoln in 1935. The original tavern structure burned down in 1859 but the remains of the original foundations allowed for the restoration of the building to its eighteenth-century appearance. John Dixon constructed the original around 1749 and used it as a combination dwelling and shop. Later additions allowed the building to be converted into a tavern operated first by Thomas Craig and later by Gabriel Maupin. After its restoration in the early 1930s, guests at Colonial Williamsburg could rent rooms in the tavern to experience some colonial ambiance. The Great Room served as a gathering spot for conversations, games, and special occasions. Its focal point is a large round table encircled by Windsor chairs. A desk, high chest of drawers, side table, armchair, and ladder-back side chair complete the furnishings. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Lincoln, F.S. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1935 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 1935 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This material is protected by copyright law (Title 17, U.S. Code). For reproduction queries: <a href="http://research.history.org/JDRLibrary/Visual_Resources/VisualResourcePermission.cfm">Rights and reproductions</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LC328P3 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Armchairs Candlesticks Ceramics Curtains Desks Easy Chairs F.S. Lincoln Floor Coverings Furnishings Great Room High Chests of Drawers Historic Buildings Inns Ladder Back Chairs Maps Market Square Tavern Prints Rugs Side Chairs Side Tables Tables Taverns Virginia Williamsburg Windsor https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/3854/archive/files/0ecbf0b66d27f4897b4dee464bff3430.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=EBHdnD5wgGt9199daEn0pK-qW54Zh8c0r4Pa1BmUXnBqsgLlKT69l4H-odHCsCOlNr9gZI0X%7EuGdNh%7EBwUK5gvFyFlsRBKh3DfRYLBpXA0Qm%7E2Y%7EtIl1KVx1ScNxkGz4adn82waPoQFPrcmjCYSPphOuc6e6UL-DqGaR5oiThp4XjsKJzk4kgNt7UgeCheHij6AP%7EDqf9TIg5ml7R%7EK2kk7uJtZt34sCpdZhfcEplsgkfT10yN-W-XGZ128jeuhT7oW3XpaGXd498sqvLcGOGAzz2ENpCkZI4Hu3-XK64c2QlV%7EuqWeZcWjeG4L6hdItyGne88N95PvWpf1O2iX3QQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 9e3565e80ba90cbc60e68bd8bc227a0c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Todd and Brown Inc. Photograph Collection Subject The topic of the resource Todd and Brown Inc., New York Todd, Webster B. Brown, J.O. Historic buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg - 1930-1939 Williamsburg (Va.) - Photographs Williamsburg (Va.) - Buildings, structures, etc. Description An account of the resource Todd and Brown, Incorporated, a subsidiary firm of Todd, Robertson and Todd Engineering Corporation, headquartered in New York City, entered into a contract with the Williamsburg Holding Corporation on June 6, 1928. The engineers and contractors carried out work as directed by the architects and landscape architects on the reconstruction and restoration of historic structures and gardens in Williamsburg, Virginia. Mr. Webster B. Todd and Mr. J.O. Brown served as the principals of Todd and Brown, Incorporated. They appointed Robert Trimble to head the firm's Williamsburg office. Between 1928 and 1934, the Williamsburg crew undertook many different construction tasks in support of the museum's development and the relocation of the town's business district to Merchants Square. The Williamsburg office closed in 1934, when Williamsburg Restoration Inc. established its own Construction and Maintenance Department. However, the firm continued to be involved in a supervisory capacity with the building of the Williamsburg Inn from 1936 to 1938. The Todd and Brown Inc. Photograph Collection, AV2010.3, encompasses over eight hundred negatives and their corresponding photographic prints housed in an album. Systematic examination of the town and extensive planning occurred before the contractors began their assignment to demolish or move buildings not dating to the colonial era. Each photograph they took served a documentary purpose of recording a colonial structure, modern dwelling, business, church, municipal building, or outbuilding as it appeared prior to any work proceeding at a site. The collection is thus a significant archive of the many homes, grocery stores, general stores, gas stations, barber shops, banks, and offices that once stretched up and down Duke of Gloucester Street. It also offers many pre-restoration views of eighteenth-century buildings that had undergone modifications by later residents. A selection of images offers views of early progress on the reconstruction of such public buildings as the Capitol and Raleigh Tavern. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Todd and Brown Inc., New York Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Gelatin silver print Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image. 2.5 x 4 inches Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Northwest Outbuilding, Wren Building Description An account of the resource Northwest outbuilding, Wren Building, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Todd and Brown Inc. Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Todd and Brown Inc. Photograph Collection, AV2010.3, Box 1 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context TB465 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Subject The topic of the resource Block 16. Building 03A. Outbuildings - Virginia - Williamsburg Wren Building (Williamsburg, Va.) College of William and Mary Outbuildings Todd and Brown Inc. Virginia Williamsburg Wren Building https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/3854/archive/files/f15f0f69b8e3a3a8e00957b222b81449.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=et6YzYVhxo6A2TD16-hoaU6tZe82eb0a65Z67y9-WSio6Vgm-Q8m1dT%7Evco9ldj%7EYw2pOBrI9Vs9WHFTYBDyedCEbpzTMK8u068CyUkScYylHSmK0TqlwOIOqXjeBfqFhHCh%7Ek%7EUEr6kN2jE9VxO3TNWvvbxcEtd4TlydAyQfa7j4vWiF1INwQk1tt3vF%7EDtCkEnz2VpHenDVJMWo%7EAThWdJuTTTedi6j-ZW7zBXaSTZjcY6wqKASiC4MXWyBbDn0vNg5M6BbD3yHMLD%7EuYDXGbLeimZDYYppzJqb3pF16rSylaeCVumKMZz1%7EoKvVJWZJZCTzFBAooLcMWgRikIJg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 665f1063b93acbcefc1c41d1db774d4d https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/3854/archive/files/35eb3544b7cc3e89254e338899625eeb.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=VN3EjZU8StGFTkCX-q%7E9CQXXl0Z4icOrWEjBideUeQr4cUGroUMx1QPe7-pVeA8S2F8B1FmE9wGOWxLzVJl8%7E0C072XVvxh51iDY9S-gNYlE2SJk0l%7ENvEpRAotZlKG14Rc5AxeniM2RoeAQKMvKGnqeU3nJH7Phc1Z9thkiAfapCi3oalzDoqWqPaZUNh4UEfSn-xEM8rFA9TeMc528NF59yOqliXqQNjgKCOHyMhBufsx5OQ7c0eCapuv4WaqoF7hKurgHatqtCblXht1YmUHNZgtc30jGxCL9ynDH60XpNJ48t%7EV7VO2tq12776Wnls6qgY-aNJPO5d4PhFEnNA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 30bac065bc43f09ab730c651adafb195 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Selections from the Postcard Collection Description An account of the resource The Postcard Collection housed at the John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library consists of postcards of Williamsburg and surrounding areas dating from the late 19th-century to the present. It includes examples of early postcards of the town prior to its restoration by John D. Rockefeller Jr. In addition, it encompasses many examples of official postcards produced by Colonial Williamsburg for tourists. A smaller number of postcards of neighboring historic sites, such as Jamestown and Yorktown, are also present. The selections included here are primarily vintage postcards of Colonial Williamsburg and surrounding tourist attractions ranging in date from 1898 to the 1950s. Early cards in the collection illustrate a range of common postcard types and reproduction techniques. The history of the postcard's development as a souvenir, as well as the growth of tourism in Williamsburg, can be traced via Colonial Williamsburg's Postcard Collection. During what is known as the Pioneer Era from 1870-1898, the first form of postcard, featuring an illustration on one side and an undivided back on the other, did not allow the sender to include a note, unless it was written across a portion of the image on the front. The majority of pioneering postcard formats served as advertisements up until the 1893 Columbia Exposition, when postcards first appeared as souvenirs for Exposition visitors to purchase. The Private Mailing Card Era from 1898-1901 is characterized by cards printed with the notice "Private Mailing Card Authorized by Act of Congress on May 19, 1898." Backs of the cards remained undivided and purchasers could mail the cards for a cost of one cent. Several examples of postcards from this era are present in the collection. They include some of the earliest instances of souvenir cards created to promote Williamsburg historic sites, such as the Courthouse, Bruton Parish Church, the Powder Magazine, and the Capitol site. European rather than American printers created many of these postcards due to their superb skills. Chromo-lithograph cards of this era exhibit extremely rich colors. By the time the Jamestown Exposition took place in 1907, postcard production had entered the Divided Back Era, which continued until 1915. Modified postcard backs offered a segment on the left side for senders to pen a brief message. Production of cards gradually shifted to more American printers. The Jamestown Exposition provided a strong impetus for promotion of other historic sites that attendees might also stop at along the way. A series of postcards commemorating Williamsburg area historic sites in conjunction with the 1907 celebration are excellent examples of very early divided back cards. The Early Modern Era between 1916-1930 led to an increase in production of souvenir cards relating to the Williamsburg area. One type of format popular in this period is the "White Border Card" characterized by a view surrounded with a white border. Real photo cards also began to appear that featured photographs, rather than prints, of local surroundings. In the era before Colonial Williamsburg operated official gift shops, tourists counted on the Cole News Shop as their source for maps, postcards, travel guides, and souvenirs. Mr. Henry Dennison Cole served as the proprietor. His business stood on the site of the present day Taliaferro-Cole Shop. He produced his own postcards of historic sites in the area being restored by the Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities and other groups of preservation minded citizens. Several examples of cards published by the Cole Shop can be found in the collection and offer a glimpse of attractions popular with early 20th-century tourists, such as the old Masonic Hall and Custis Kitchen. Once Colonial Williamsburg opened a core group of exhibition buildings to the public in the early 1930s, a new era dawned in which the museum began production of official postcards as souvenirs for visitors. Photographs by F.S. Lincoln, an architectural photographer hired on a contract basis in 1935 to take some of the first promotional photos of Colonial Williamsburg exhibition buildings, appeared on a number of real photo postcards issued in the late 1930s. Both examples of postcards bearing his photos, as well as his actual photograph collection, reside at the Rockefeller Library. The Albertype Company of Brooklyn, New York, produced one of the earliest official postcard series highlighting Colonial Williamsburg exhibition buildings, costumed interpreters, Williamsburg Inn and Lodge, and Merchants Square. In addition to holding numerous examples of Albertype cards, the Rockefeller Library also houses the corresponding photographic prints used to generate the postcards. Albertype cards are characterized by sepia toned images that show exterior and interior views of exhibition buildings, as well as some of the earliest scenes of African Americans in costume demonstrating colonial cooking techniques. For further information about Williamsburg postcards, please consult: Preacher, Kristopher J. "Williamsburg in Vintage Postcards." Charleston: Arcadia Publishing, 2002. Reisweber, Kurt. "Williamsburg in Old Post Cards." Colonial Williamsburg XXI, No.2, (June/July 1999): 52-57. Subject The topic of the resource Postcards - Virginia - Williamsburg Souvenirs (Keepsakes) - Virginia - Williamsburg - Pictorial works Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Postcard Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image. 3.5 x 5.5 inches Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Peyton Randolph House Subject The topic of the resource Peyton Randolph House (Williamsburg, Va.) Postcards - Virginia - Williamsburg Architecture, Domestic - Virginia - Williamsburg Historic buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg Description An account of the resource Recto and verso of official Colonial Williamsburg postcard featuring a photo of a costumed interpreter pausing just inside the door of the stair passage of the Peyton Randolph House. The caption reads: "Elegant and spacious, this stair passage, with its pine wainscot, welcomes visitors to the home of the first president of the Continental Congress, where the Comte de Rochambeau headquartered in 1781, and the Marquis de Lafayette was entertained during his triumphal return to the United States in 1824." Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Postcard Collection Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context AV-2015-02-20-R AV-2015-02-20-V Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource H.S. Crocker Co., Inc. for Colonial Williamsburg Balusters Clocks Costumed Interpreters Curtains Entrance Halls Furnishings Lanterns Mirrors Peyton Randolph House Postcards Railings Stair Passages Virginia Wainscoting Williamsburg https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/3854/archive/files/20fc4e821a22beea1027430d729fc54b.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=hjDJmSt7Qit23c3QdxKnuE9HDCMDmdrLHgXg4Jlq1lU4x4OmjMn12fgVu2GPoCoZJA%7ECwqKG1dvI-36YYx8UOBPuV9szOhCFBmypmk3yBzq0lfq5VxCmhqVb56YdUWrtJXBsrhobIBxX4KmseKCVhKyzly-9JETVNVcHT58vHUcBNVvvaIbvAAHTMjRnYKT2eO-vENyopPcwr67ME9w4iDNLLDZsq0ef0nMyvAoKqP6AVmRGPsTCjq5QpKSVqpkiil7WSc55k3tygjwtxCYVXHsOr-Zp5Nec0x21hiitRqpCONVm%7E11J5-4KHP%7EaUSQlW9nfzHdRC9wkLmwOCoNcAA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM d2edfeecb6e36575ad3b6a167899ff05 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Todd and Brown Inc. Photograph Collection Subject The topic of the resource Todd and Brown Inc., New York Todd, Webster B. Brown, J.O. Historic buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg - 1930-1939 Williamsburg (Va.) - Photographs Williamsburg (Va.) - Buildings, structures, etc. Description An account of the resource Todd and Brown, Incorporated, a subsidiary firm of Todd, Robertson and Todd Engineering Corporation, headquartered in New York City, entered into a contract with the Williamsburg Holding Corporation on June 6, 1928. The engineers and contractors carried out work as directed by the architects and landscape architects on the reconstruction and restoration of historic structures and gardens in Williamsburg, Virginia. Mr. Webster B. Todd and Mr. J.O. Brown served as the principals of Todd and Brown, Incorporated. They appointed Robert Trimble to head the firm's Williamsburg office. Between 1928 and 1934, the Williamsburg crew undertook many different construction tasks in support of the museum's development and the relocation of the town's business district to Merchants Square. The Williamsburg office closed in 1934, when Williamsburg Restoration Inc. established its own Construction and Maintenance Department. However, the firm continued to be involved in a supervisory capacity with the building of the Williamsburg Inn from 1936 to 1938. The Todd and Brown Inc. Photograph Collection, AV2010.3, encompasses over eight hundred negatives and their corresponding photographic prints housed in an album. Systematic examination of the town and extensive planning occurred before the contractors began their assignment to demolish or move buildings not dating to the colonial era. Each photograph they took served a documentary purpose of recording a colonial structure, modern dwelling, business, church, municipal building, or outbuilding as it appeared prior to any work proceeding at a site. The collection is thus a significant archive of the many homes, grocery stores, general stores, gas stations, barber shops, banks, and offices that once stretched up and down Duke of Gloucester Street. It also offers many pre-restoration views of eighteenth-century buildings that had undergone modifications by later residents. A selection of images offers views of early progress on the reconstruction of such public buildings as the Capitol and Raleigh Tavern. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Todd and Brown Inc., New York Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Gelatin silver print Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image. 2.5 x 4 inches Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Shops on Duke of Gloucester Street Description An account of the resource Snow scene looking across Duke of Gloucester Street towards shops on Block 14, Williamsburg, Virginia Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Todd and Brown Inc. Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Todd and Brown Inc. Photograph Collection, AV2010.3, Box 1 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context TB418 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Subject The topic of the resource Block 14 Stores, Retail - Virginia - Williamsburg Central business districts - Virginia - Williamsburg Automobiles Businesses Duke of Gloucester Street Snow Todd and Brown Inc. Virginia Williamsburg https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/3854/archive/files/53d62db38d8b1f6f7480c7ecacd30ac7.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=supvjA-92x0WRZpffriwpYglfYP22T45Fm55n7VvM1uCTbroeloJ%7EzGpsPPYrb203OeLH4FOgSCfnguctuacDjlxtHp4rNyRBt9DcRRq3sgJ8rRRJXCqaQQGsikqaMzSnxp0z-1pDIEpFkS4R7whhkC3GtAp75l-GpgucBci-%7ELIU2jWnhivQgEt0fqe1f4eIRTvwGie7dVEUjaRR5KBtZ6K6UpLb8l4PWT6VQR-%7ExfEtghBNCa3kaFEkMDT9ueEDCFAD8U3rXcmyFMgO0IUz7sPZjsrpwCvPHy5tbH63aTK5fhffFLnX-m7ytAr%7Eszz3NfSg0FSTQ8t9W6%7EumbURA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 08a91a874dac6245e431fc2a3d5f3bce Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Edward Beckwith Photograph Collection Subject The topic of the resource Beckwith, Edward A. Photographs - Virginia - Williamsburg Architecture, Domestic - Virginia - Williamsburg Architecture, Colonial - Virginia - Williamsburg Historic buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Beckwith, Edward A. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Extent The size or duration of the resource. 363 photographs Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Description An account of the resource Another collection of photos purchased by the Boston architectural firm of Perry, Shaw & Hepburn in 1930 originated with photographer and town resident Edward A. Beckwith. A letter preserved in Corporate Archives indicates that Mr. Beckwith dropped off a selection of images with Dr. W.A.R. Goodwin who forwarded a list of their subjects to Perry, Shaw & Hepburn for their consideration. Beckwith’s photos date to 1926-1933, a critical period in the town’s transformation. Tremendous changes began to occur in rapid succession as properties were acquired, buildings moved or torn down, foundations unearthed, and the first exhibition building, the Raleigh Tavern, opened in September 1932. While he was never on the architectural team’s payroll, Beckwith’s images attracted interest and became part of the growing archive assembled to aid ongoing restoration work. Beckwith’s subjects encompass a broader geographic area and feature many examples of colonial homes in the mid-Atlantic region examined by the architects as part of their fieldwork. It is possible he accompanied them on some of their trips and helped to document extant structures. His images of Williamsburg are purely architectural in focus and highlight aspects of surviving colonial architecture under study. They offer a contrast to other pre-restoration photo collections which give glimpses into town life with street vistas, carriages, automobiles, and residents. As the third decade of the twentieth century started in Williamsburg, Beckwith stood poised with his camera to change the focus to the architectural transformations that were soon to take place. Evidence of early steps towards investigating structures and removing nineteenth-century additions and modifications is visible in several of his compositions. His contrasting views of the George Wythe House in 1926 and 1929 document its transition from a dilapidated and deteriorating building to the headquarters for Dr. Goodwin’s office to oversee restoration activities. The collection encompasses black and white photographs and associated negatives documenting extant colonial era architecture throughout the state of Virginia in the late 1920s. They offered crucial visual references of specific architectural features of interest for the restoration of eighteenth century buildings in Williamsburg’s historic area. Williamsburg, Virginia structures depicted include Carter’s Grove, Barraud House, Bassett Hall, John Blair House, Bracken House, Thomas Everard House, Bruton Parish Church, Nelson-Galt House, Prentis Store, Powell House, The Quarter, Peyton Randolph House, Semple House, Tazewell Hall, Travis House, St. George Tucker House, Benjamin Waller House, and George Wythe House. In addition, many architectural sites elsewhere in Virginia that were visited and examined by the architectural team are represented in the photographs. They include Abingdon Church, Auburn, Belleville, Bonne Elms, Elmwood, Glebe House, Green Plains, Claremont Manor, Four Mile Tree, Hayfield, Jamestown Church, Kinloch, Larabee House, Little England, Lower Brandon, Mount Airy, Mount Clement, Nelson House, Port Royal, Prospect, Rosegill, Shirley, Smith’s Fort, Upper Brandon, Warner Hall, Westover, and Wilton. All of the photos are 11 x 14 inch gelatin silver prints on paper. Originally presented in two folios, they clearly demonstrate a more direct intent to create aesthetically pleasing images that could possibly be used in a future architectural publication. Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 1926-1929 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Gelatin silver print Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image. 11 x 14 inches Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Yeardley Desk, Coke-Garrett House, Description An account of the resource Pre-restoration view of the East Wing first floor interior, specifically the Yeardley Desk, of the Coke-Garrett House, Williamsburg, James City County, Virginia. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Beckwith, Edward A. Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Edward Beckwith Photograph Collection, AV2009.5, Box 2 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Be94 (see also Bec-127) Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Subject The topic of the resource Coke-Garrett House (Williamsburg, Va.) Block 27. Building 01. Furniture Architecture, Domestic - Virginia - Williamsburg Coke Garrett House Edward Beckwith Furniture Interior James City County Pre-Restoration Virginia Williamsburg Yeardley Desk https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/3854/archive/files/6179688f01cb217fff626bfe6f65fce6.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=v3K36xDj1h26s2JzulkxWSmaqTt1XE-9as35iysMsD%7EBETWOnHyfQljTZD24wDFuXzKPJxNufG1sd-dDZnzq61WQGAzkiRwkaPHnskYqCmM3F3L0T2BADQuMHyPXdoNZdxHcmqbEHVrWkIyOgmcLBMl3qzunv7qGi9hv2kYhH4HEm-CxT3Zwlq2O%7EWnXPZfRXN8s8xkG4JZUA-YOX25uP1JycnralK%7EhDXmMuig%7EgyXzuIEdzZKSiIAXBV2lMRjmvRUIti-fAETO4o2vgWv6Bf2Cv8QRz9TtMmqTZ-vJhZcjytUKfSWcRwBVxuDE4MBE0aGo9zJgyN-knlxYS5SVNg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM c724965f1a08a9583a465a3140352b47 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/3854/archive/files/7846781ba391154e9cfa9163dcd79af1.jpg?Expires=1779926400&Signature=iJ5fXYcAAvfRO6J-xSzVXNnvmBnwXRXqZo7lq6KR7fK1N2D8EejQsmELfo5ttGvli88wvFEpZwCHJTZEgasrw-3VkBX2WdWHu672McYgPIK3xWO05aSRWgZYl9yByNYJWn5BDHwu8M7aUpyiGvT-t0JSVAGKQKhuXFbtKkKJ68dyMNZUJQl3JYM5tX77mtU9YR0ZRhaWJuPGUc430WNsURp8Z8KVmgpRH3ElqvPZIck-Aui3aYAOrCrdBmEHwZ9TdD3oMFBRgsJdKWu7MhCWhcdXQoSr-vvGzKD57xm-DKFVpaNF-5h4DrWgnrYMcxP63a9NfvnD7jbDnuY0o1N0Zg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM e378ece6024a1402885fbe11b807a7c7 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Selections from the Postcard Collection Description An account of the resource The Postcard Collection housed at the John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library consists of postcards of Williamsburg and surrounding areas dating from the late 19th-century to the present. It includes examples of early postcards of the town prior to its restoration by John D. Rockefeller Jr. In addition, it encompasses many examples of official postcards produced by Colonial Williamsburg for tourists. A smaller number of postcards of neighboring historic sites, such as Jamestown and Yorktown, are also present. The selections included here are primarily vintage postcards of Colonial Williamsburg and surrounding tourist attractions ranging in date from 1898 to the 1950s. Early cards in the collection illustrate a range of common postcard types and reproduction techniques. The history of the postcard's development as a souvenir, as well as the growth of tourism in Williamsburg, can be traced via Colonial Williamsburg's Postcard Collection. During what is known as the Pioneer Era from 1870-1898, the first form of postcard, featuring an illustration on one side and an undivided back on the other, did not allow the sender to include a note, unless it was written across a portion of the image on the front. The majority of pioneering postcard formats served as advertisements up until the 1893 Columbia Exposition, when postcards first appeared as souvenirs for Exposition visitors to purchase. The Private Mailing Card Era from 1898-1901 is characterized by cards printed with the notice "Private Mailing Card Authorized by Act of Congress on May 19, 1898." Backs of the cards remained undivided and purchasers could mail the cards for a cost of one cent. Several examples of postcards from this era are present in the collection. They include some of the earliest instances of souvenir cards created to promote Williamsburg historic sites, such as the Courthouse, Bruton Parish Church, the Powder Magazine, and the Capitol site. European rather than American printers created many of these postcards due to their superb skills. Chromo-lithograph cards of this era exhibit extremely rich colors. By the time the Jamestown Exposition took place in 1907, postcard production had entered the Divided Back Era, which continued until 1915. Modified postcard backs offered a segment on the left side for senders to pen a brief message. Production of cards gradually shifted to more American printers. The Jamestown Exposition provided a strong impetus for promotion of other historic sites that attendees might also stop at along the way. A series of postcards commemorating Williamsburg area historic sites in conjunction with the 1907 celebration are excellent examples of very early divided back cards. The Early Modern Era between 1916-1930 led to an increase in production of souvenir cards relating to the Williamsburg area. One type of format popular in this period is the "White Border Card" characterized by a view surrounded with a white border. Real photo cards also began to appear that featured photographs, rather than prints, of local surroundings. In the era before Colonial Williamsburg operated official gift shops, tourists counted on the Cole News Shop as their source for maps, postcards, travel guides, and souvenirs. Mr. Henry Dennison Cole served as the proprietor. His business stood on the site of the present day Taliaferro-Cole Shop. He produced his own postcards of historic sites in the area being restored by the Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities and other groups of preservation minded citizens. Several examples of cards published by the Cole Shop can be found in the collection and offer a glimpse of attractions popular with early 20th-century tourists, such as the old Masonic Hall and Custis Kitchen. Once Colonial Williamsburg opened a core group of exhibition buildings to the public in the early 1930s, a new era dawned in which the museum began production of official postcards as souvenirs for visitors. Photographs by F.S. Lincoln, an architectural photographer hired on a contract basis in 1935 to take some of the first promotional photos of Colonial Williamsburg exhibition buildings, appeared on a number of real photo postcards issued in the late 1930s. Both examples of postcards bearing his photos, as well as his actual photograph collection, reside at the Rockefeller Library. The Albertype Company of Brooklyn, New York, produced one of the earliest official postcard series highlighting Colonial Williamsburg exhibition buildings, costumed interpreters, Williamsburg Inn and Lodge, and Merchants Square. In addition to holding numerous examples of Albertype cards, the Rockefeller Library also houses the corresponding photographic prints used to generate the postcards. Albertype cards are characterized by sepia toned images that show exterior and interior views of exhibition buildings, as well as some of the earliest scenes of African Americans in costume demonstrating colonial cooking techniques. For further information about Williamsburg postcards, please consult: Preacher, Kristopher J. "Williamsburg in Vintage Postcards." Charleston: Arcadia Publishing, 2002. Reisweber, Kurt. "Williamsburg in Old Post Cards." Colonial Williamsburg XXI, No.2, (June/July 1999): 52-57. Subject The topic of the resource Postcards - Virginia - Williamsburg Souvenirs (Keepsakes) - Virginia - Williamsburg - Pictorial works Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Postcard Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image. 3.5 x 5.5 inches Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 'Aunt Mary' Description An account of the resource Recto and verso, postcard illustrated with the painting “‘Aunt Mary" by Eleanor R. Craighill, published by The Albertype Co., Text on verso reads: ' "Aunt Mary', born a slave and one of the old cooks of Williamsburg, is now the custodian of the kitchen of the restored Governor's Palace in Williamsburg, Virginia.' Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Albertype Co. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Albertype Co. Date Created Date of creation of the resource. Circa 1930s Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Postcard Collection, AV-2007.1, 1 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context D2021-COPY-1014-0079 R D2021-COPY-1014-0080 V Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Subject The topic of the resource Postcards - Virginia - Williamsburg Museum docents Governor's Palace (Williamsburg, Va.) African American women - Virginia - Williamsburg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1930s Extent The size or duration of the resource. 1 postcard Aunt Mary Colonial Williamsburg Eleanor Craighill Governor's Palace Kitchens Paintings Postcards Virginia Williamsburg