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This collection is significant as a record of how landscape architects were interpreting and presenting eighteenth-century garden history during the 1930s and 1940s. It also provides a visual record of Williamsburg buildings and gardens before, during, and after the restoration work undertaken in the early 1930s. In addition, the collection documents how the Williamsburg Restoration publicized its work through commercial slide sets. For example, Mr. F.S. Lincoln, a New York photographer hired to compile a photographic portfolio of restored Williamsburg buildings for a special issue of the "Architectural Record" in 1935, also created colorized lantern slides of his photos for sale in Williamsburg shops. The Peter Hornbeck Lantern Slide Collection contains numerous examples of these early souvenir images.&#13;
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A precursor of 35mm slides, lantern slides are large format positive transparencies, usually 3.25 x 4 inches, sandwiched between two pieces of glass. Many were hand-colored. A projector allowed the slides to be viewed on a wall or screen. Instead of automatically advancing from one slide to the next, the lantern slides had to be manually placed into a slot on the projector. &#13;
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 Invented in 1848, lantern slides evolved from those associated with magic lanterns in the late nineteenth-century to the format represented in this collection. Between 1848-1870, oil lamps served as the light source for magic lantern projectors. By the 1890s, the carbon arc lamp offered a better lighting method. The introduction of electricity in the twentieth-century allowed the projection of lantern slides to become common in schools and universities. Lantern slides became obsolete in the 1950s when the Kodachrome three-color process brought about the introduction of 35mm slides.&#13;
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This collection is significant as a record of how landscape architects were interpreting and presenting eighteenth-century garden history during the 1930s and 1940s. It also provides a visual record of Williamsburg buildings and gardens before, during, and after the restoration work undertaken in the early 1930s. In addition, the collection documents how the Williamsburg Restoration publicized its work through commercial slide sets. For example, Mr. F.S. Lincoln, a New York photographer hired to compile a photographic portfolio of restored Williamsburg buildings for a special issue of the "Architectural Record" in 1935, also created colorized lantern slides of his photos for sale in Williamsburg shops. The Peter Hornbeck Lantern Slide Collection contains numerous examples of these early souvenir images.&#13;
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A precursor of 35mm slides, lantern slides are large format positive transparencies, usually 3.25 x 4 inches, sandwiched between two pieces of glass. Many were hand-colored. A projector allowed the slides to be viewed on a wall or screen. Instead of automatically advancing from one slide to the next, the lantern slides had to be manually placed into a slot on the projector. &#13;
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 Invented in 1848, lantern slides evolved from those associated with magic lanterns in the late nineteenth-century to the format represented in this collection. Between 1848-1870, oil lamps served as the light source for magic lantern projectors. By the 1890s, the carbon arc lamp offered a better lighting method. The introduction of electricity in the twentieth-century allowed the projection of lantern slides to become common in schools and universities. Lantern slides became obsolete in the 1950s when the Kodachrome three-color process brought about the introduction of 35mm slides.&#13;
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 This was one of the most exciting and important discoveries during the initial research carried out by Foundation historians. Mary Goodwin, a cousin of Dr. Goodwin, found this 18th-century copper plate at Oxford University's Bodleian Library. It is thought to have been an illustration created for an unpublished description of Virginia by William Byrd II.&#13;
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                    <text>a:2:{s:11:"object_name";s:7:"PSC-004";s:16:"copyright_notice";s:91:"Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation";}</text>
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          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Pacific Stereopticon Company Lantern Slides</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Produced by the Pacific Stereopticon Company of Los Angeles, this collection of forty-five lantern slides depicts individuals involved in the restoration of Williamsburg, as well as some of the restored buildings. The slides are a mixture of black and white and color images taken by various photographers in the late 1930s. Many are copies based upon photos taken by contract professionals hired to document the appeal of the architecture and landscapes of Colonial Williamsburg. Several of the black and white slides are derived from photos taken by noted architectural photographer F.S. Lincoln, whose collection is also available for viewing on this site. &#13;
&#13;
The lantern slides are significant because they document early efforts to publicize the newly opened museum. California architect Reginald Davis Johnson utilized the set to lecture to students and colleagues about the massive efforts undertaken to bring Williamsburg's historic district back to its 18th-century appearance. Noted for his contributions to the development of the Spanish-Southern California architecture of Santa Barbara, Reginald Davis Johnson resided in Pasadena and operated an architectural design studio. Some of his best known projects include the Santa Barbara Biltmore Hotel, the Santa Barbara Post Office, and the Harbor Hills, Rancho San Pedro, and Baldwin Hills communities in Los Angeles. &#13;
&#13;
A precursor of 35mm slides, lantern slides are large format positive transparencies, usually 3.25 x 4 inches, sandwiched between two pieces of glass. Many were hand-colored. A projector allowed the slides to be viewed on a wall or screen. Instead of automatically advancing from one slide to the next, the lantern slides had to be manually placed into a slot on the projector. &#13;
&#13;
Invented in 1848, lantern slides evolved from those associated with magic lanterns in the late 19th-century to the format represented in this collection. Between 1848-1870, oil lamps served as the light source for magic lantern projectors. By the 1890s, the carbon arc lamp offered a better lighting method. The introduction of electricity in the 20th-century allowed the projection of lantern slides to become common in schools and universities. Lantern slides became obsolete in the 1950s when the Kodachrome three-color process brought about the introduction of 35mm slides.</text>
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            <element elementId="49">
              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
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                  <text>Pacific Stereopticon Co.</text>
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                  <text>Lantern slides - Hand-colored - 1930-1940</text>
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                  <text>Johnson, Reginald Davis, 1882-1952</text>
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            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="101617">
                  <text>Pacific Stereopticon Co.</text>
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            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="101618">
                  <text>ca. 1935</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
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            <element elementId="42">
              <name>Format</name>
              <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="101619">
                  <text>jpeg</text>
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            <element elementId="51">
              <name>Type</name>
              <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="101620">
                  <text>Image</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="125">
              <name>Rights Holder</name>
              <description>A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource.</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="101621">
                  <text>Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation</text>
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        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
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      <name>Still Image</name>
      <description>A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps.  Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials.</description>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="7">
          <name>Original Format</name>
          <description>If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="101313">
              <text>Lantern slide</text>
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          <name>Physical Dimensions</name>
          <description>The actual physical size of the original image.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="101314">
              <text>2 x 3 inches</text>
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        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="100687">
                <text>The Bodleian Plate</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                <text>PSC-004</text>
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            <name>Rights Holder</name>
            <description>A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="101316">
                <text>Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <text>Pacific Stereopticon Co.</text>
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            <name>Is Part Of</name>
            <description>A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.</description>
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                <text>Pacific Stereopticon Co. Lantern Slide Collection</text>
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            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Lantern slide featuring a photograph of an engraving made from the Bodleian plate, an 18th-century copperplate discovered at the Bodleian Library that provided crucial visual evidence of the appearance of several public buildings in 18th-century Williamsburg. It is the fourth in a set produced by the Pacific Stereopticon Co. of Los Angeles, California, now defunct, to illustrate the story of Goodwin's dream to restore a portion of Williamsburg, Virginia to its 18th-century appearance as a shrine to early American ideals.&#13;
&#13;
This was one of the most exciting and important discoveries during the initial research carried out by Foundation historians. Mary Goodwin, a cousin of Dr. Goodwin, found this 18th-century copper plate at Oxford University's Bodleian Library. It is thought to have been an illustration created for an unpublished description of Virginia by William Byrd II.</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Historic buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg</text>
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                <text>Governor's Palace (Williamsburg, Va.)</text>
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                <text>Wren Building (Williamsburg, Va.)</text>
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                <text>Capitol (Williamsburg, Va.)</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>Byrd, William, 1674-1744</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="101759">
                <text>ca. 1740</text>
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        <name>Bodleian Library</name>
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        <name>Bodleian Plate</name>
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      <tag tagId="410">
        <name>Brafferton Building</name>
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      <tag tagId="11">
        <name>Capitol</name>
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      <tag tagId="270">
        <name>College of William &amp; Mary</name>
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        <name>Copperplates</name>
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      <tag tagId="961">
        <name>Engravings</name>
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        <name>Governor's Palace</name>
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        <name>Lantern Slides</name>
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      <tag tagId="954">
        <name>Pacific Stereopticon Company</name>
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      <tag tagId="287">
        <name>President's House</name>
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      <tag tagId="10">
        <name>Virginia</name>
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      <tag tagId="992">
        <name>William Byrd II</name>
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      <tag tagId="9">
        <name>Williamsburg</name>
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      <tag tagId="268">
        <name>Wren Building</name>
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