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                  <text>Peter Hornbeck Lantern Slide Collection</text>
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                  <text>Lantern slides - Hand-colored - 1930-1940&#13;
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                  <text>Hornbeck, Peter - 1936-1998</text>
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                  <text>Williamsburg (Va.)--History. </text>
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                  <text>Architecture, Colonial - Virginia - Williamsburg</text>
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                  <text>Mr. Peter Hornbeck, a renowned Landscape Architect and Harvard professor, assembled this collection of lantern slides produced between the late 1930s and early 1940s. A graduate of the University of Pennsylvania and the Harvard Graduate School of Design, Peter Hornbeck managed the landscape architecture firm of Hornbeck Associates in North Andover, Massachusetts during the 1950s. He became a faculty member of the Harvard Graduate School of Design in 1963 and taught courses focusing upon historic landscape preservation and city planning.. These lantern slides served  as visual aids during lectures he gave about the Williamsburg Restoration and eighteenth-century garden history. The lantern slides encompass a variety of images of Williamsburg available commercially from A.D. Handy, F.S. Lincoln, Eldredge Studio, and the National Geographic Society. They also include some images of historic homes and gardens in other parts of Virginia and in Great Britain. &#13;
&#13;
This collection is significant as a record of how landscape architects were interpreting and presenting eighteenth-century garden history during the 1930s and 1940s. It also provides a visual record of Williamsburg buildings and gardens before, during, and after the restoration work undertaken in the early 1930s. In addition, the collection documents how the Williamsburg Restoration publicized its work through commercial slide sets. For example, Mr. F.S. Lincoln, a New York photographer hired to compile a photographic portfolio of restored Williamsburg buildings for a special issue of the "Architectural Record" in 1935, also created colorized lantern slides of his photos for sale in Williamsburg shops. The Peter Hornbeck Lantern Slide Collection contains numerous examples of these early souvenir images.&#13;
&#13;
A precursor of 35mm slides, lantern slides are large format positive transparencies, usually 3.25 x 4 inches, sandwiched between two pieces of glass. Many were hand-colored. A projector allowed the slides to be viewed on a wall or screen. Instead of automatically advancing from one slide to the next, the lantern slides had to be manually placed into a slot on the projector. &#13;
&#13;
 Invented in 1848, lantern slides evolved from those associated with magic lanterns in the late nineteenth-century to the format represented in this collection. Between 1848-1870, oil lamps served as the light source for magic lantern projectors. By the 1890s, the carbon arc lamp offered a better lighting method. The introduction of electricity in the twentieth-century allowed the projection of lantern slides to become common in schools and universities. Lantern slides became obsolete in the 1950s when the Kodachrome three-color process brought about the introduction of 35mm slides.&#13;
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              <text>Lantern Slide</text>
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                <text>Duke of Gloucester Street</text>
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                <text>Peter Hornbeck Lantern Slides Collection, AV-2000.9, Box 2</text>
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                <text>Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation</text>
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                <text>Block 14. Building 16.</text>
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                <text>Streets - Virginia - Williamsburg</text>
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                <text>Pre-restoration view along Block 14 of Duke of Gloucester Street, site of the present day Catherine Blaikley House and Durfey Shop.  Located on the south side of the street, the Luttrell Building housed several small businesses and a post office.</text>
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                <text>A.D. Handy Co.</text>
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                <text>Circa 1920s</text>
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        <name>Catherine Blaikley House</name>
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        <name>Pre-Restoration</name>
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        <name>Retail Stores</name>
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        <name>Virginia</name>
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                  <text>Singleton P. Moorehead Streetscapes</text>
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                  <text>Singleton P. Moorehead (1900 – 1964), was born in Saranac, NY, attended Harvard (BA, 1922; M. Arch, 1927), and was employed in 1928 by the Boston architectural firm of Perry, Shaw and Hepburn.  In the same year, he came to Williamsburg as a member of its' architectural field office responsible for the initial restoration work in the historic area.  He married Cynthia Beverley Tucker Coleman, a descendant of colonial era Williamsburg resident St. George Tucker.  Staying on, Moorehead joined the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation’s architectural office at its creation in 1934, became director of architecture from 1944 – 48, and continued as an architectural consultant until his death.

This collection of streetscapes was created by Moorehead for the use of John D. Rockefeller Jr. They were created at a reduced scale so Rockefeller might study recommendations comfortably in his limousine. By comparing the small-scale view with what he saw through car windows, he was able to decide whether to approve funding for the work. The colored dots denote four different kinds of properties. Blue indicates additional work to be done at properties already restored or reconstructed; red signified work proposed for properties owned by the restoration; black indicated work to be done at properties owned by the restoration but subject to life tenure and green indicated work to be performed at future acquisitions.

The nine streetscapes in this collection were executed by Moorehead to accompany a February 20, 1939 report entitled: Proposed Ultimate Restoration Work” written by A. Edwin Kendrew, Foundation Architect and head of Colonial Williamsburg’s architectural staff. About these illustrations, Moorehead wrote: “I made some renderings in water color and crayon … And I did elevations of all the streets that occurred in the area where restoration or reconstruction work was or was to be done. Those were mounted on stiff cardboard mats. I think in all there were about eighteen feet of them … Those were passed to Mr. Rockefeller, and he toured the town in his car. He would go up one side of the street and down the other and follow the schedule by circles of color … He didn’t have to stand around with the wind blowing huge blueprints and stuff. He just had these simple little renderings. (They were quite attractive, even if I do say so.) He bought the proposition, and then the fun really started.”</text>
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              <text>Crayon on paper.</text>
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              <text>13.3 x 33.7 cm. </text>
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                <text>Block 14: Duke of Gloucester Street</text>
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                <text>Bryan House (Williamsburg, Va.)</text>
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                <text>This view along the Duke of Gloucester Street shows Block 14 bounded by Nassau and Henry Streets. To the far left along Nassau Street is the Bryan House. The Catherine Blaikley House and outbuildings are shown to the right of the Bryan House. In the 1770s, the building identified as Moir's Store was the Durfey Shop which was operated by the tailor Severinus Durfey. To the right of the building labelled as Moir's Store is empty space identified as "Space for future shops."</text>
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                <text>Moorehead, Singleton P. </text>
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                <text>Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation</text>
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                <text>This material is protected by copyright law (Title 17, U.S. Code). For reproduction queries: &lt;a href="http://research.history.org/JDRLibrary/Visual_Resources/VisualResourcePermission.cfm"&gt;Rights and reproductions&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>eng</text>
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