1 20 12 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/3854/archive/files/406aa9ebf2b73bbb1a192166010e6680.jpg?Expires=1790208000&Signature=wQUh5vtorH7RgYfh64CpBOidQfRXOdxn8YtTYJYv9Sp9lxe4hCgi4O4hbyPeWSLPyaNrRRfOxQRCi034jxYpLNRmwkPkkf9JrjdE2TM2j24U%7EqG3qwNjNlVXebemPXAcmgZDZUg%7E%7ETuaxYn3PEUK-yAB0UInnK1fy0qD-IdZbIGm1CKm6sxlUS9C8CMhDZtpBt3INTdcNoYjBz6w1FtdUMe27uTENcflsDHvziYFmx2d2rmb8Xp8X1DlBfe84L6CsLQTzsKy6iZdU-XKDq-JBGm4G6hJ1VnZdAqu-FukwDVmJ2suUQq5lkuWsyD8R21xAkHPKGfH7H0eUSlKsExWOw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM ae2f12ee50236633af74be01bef6a6f2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Todd and Brown Inc. Photograph Collection Subject The topic of the resource Todd and Brown Inc., New York Todd, Webster B. Brown, J.O. Historic buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg - 1930-1939 Williamsburg (Va.) - Photographs Williamsburg (Va.) - Buildings, structures, etc. Description An account of the resource Todd and Brown, Incorporated, a subsidiary firm of Todd, Robertson and Todd Engineering Corporation, headquartered in New York City, entered into a contract with the Williamsburg Holding Corporation on June 6, 1928. The engineers and contractors carried out work as directed by the architects and landscape architects on the reconstruction and restoration of historic structures and gardens in Williamsburg, Virginia. Mr. Webster B. Todd and Mr. J.O. Brown served as the principals of Todd and Brown, Incorporated. They appointed Robert Trimble to head the firm's Williamsburg office. Between 1928 and 1934, the Williamsburg crew undertook many different construction tasks in support of the museum's development and the relocation of the town's business district to Merchants Square. The Williamsburg office closed in 1934, when Williamsburg Restoration Inc. established its own Construction and Maintenance Department. However, the firm continued to be involved in a supervisory capacity with the building of the Williamsburg Inn from 1936 to 1938. The Todd and Brown Inc. Photograph Collection, AV2010.3, encompasses over eight hundred negatives and their corresponding photographic prints housed in an album. Systematic examination of the town and extensive planning occurred before the contractors began their assignment to demolish or move buildings not dating to the colonial era. Each photograph they took served a documentary purpose of recording a colonial structure, modern dwelling, business, church, municipal building, or outbuilding as it appeared prior to any work proceeding at a site. The collection is thus a significant archive of the many homes, grocery stores, general stores, gas stations, barber shops, banks, and offices that once stretched up and down Duke of Gloucester Street. It also offers many pre-restoration views of eighteenth-century buildings that had undergone modifications by later residents. A selection of images offers views of early progress on the reconstruction of such public buildings as the Capitol and Raleigh Tavern. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Todd and Brown Inc., New York Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Gelatin silver print Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image. 2 x 3 inches Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Todd and Brown Inc., New York Description An account of the resource Pre-restoration view looking west on Duke of Gloucester from its intersection with Queen Street, Williamsburg, Virginia, The Colonial Hotel and Courthouse are visible on the right. Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Todd-Brown Photograph Collection, AV2010.3, Box 1 Title A name given to the resource Duke of Gloucester Street at Market Square Subject The topic of the resource Streets - Virginia - Williamsburg Courthouse (Williamsburg, Va.) Hotels - Virginia - Williamsburg Block 19. Building 03. Public buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context TB035 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Colonial Hotel Courthouse Duke of Gloucester Street Street Scenes Todd and Brown Inc. Virginia Williamsburg https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/3854/archive/files/d2e6058b5fd7a4c6ea635ef3d7b8ab7d.jpg?Expires=1790208000&Signature=aMBpokRCimtxTJ%7EQCzo1IY3k5A5k0D36ddn9MrU79zMlPZ%7EtfSDSCRRdu9jRZP8AIS1FvX4sXkmwp0thj637q0K4X-G25Cm7ayRsu5zOU%7Ehq4fQGVfUuJooVrlB357i533u478kRPYB%7EFLHo3cNKBS33wEZK6eubFh9M8uERFpzqbLL4UOY72RNLQuj3SyjTqfOMf0w-hpsSi4QeLsDsT4B1oyl4LVEXFfP2VQ95BiB96dsJorN2M15%7ElESa3xD3HiFWHMvM4cwX6tDwMn5u8CHogHj7UFbf%7E9lw9oNAQEs7paIjjDmKGj8unsi4QH8zOeXRvHmk6rzteLE8Rm4EYA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 4ba404cfc7d5ee5f31df4358a4068e9a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Todd and Brown Inc. Photograph Collection Subject The topic of the resource Todd and Brown Inc., New York Todd, Webster B. Brown, J.O. Historic buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg - 1930-1939 Williamsburg (Va.) - Photographs Williamsburg (Va.) - Buildings, structures, etc. Description An account of the resource Todd and Brown, Incorporated, a subsidiary firm of Todd, Robertson and Todd Engineering Corporation, headquartered in New York City, entered into a contract with the Williamsburg Holding Corporation on June 6, 1928. The engineers and contractors carried out work as directed by the architects and landscape architects on the reconstruction and restoration of historic structures and gardens in Williamsburg, Virginia. Mr. Webster B. Todd and Mr. J.O. Brown served as the principals of Todd and Brown, Incorporated. They appointed Robert Trimble to head the firm's Williamsburg office. Between 1928 and 1934, the Williamsburg crew undertook many different construction tasks in support of the museum's development and the relocation of the town's business district to Merchants Square. The Williamsburg office closed in 1934, when Williamsburg Restoration Inc. established its own Construction and Maintenance Department. However, the firm continued to be involved in a supervisory capacity with the building of the Williamsburg Inn from 1936 to 1938. The Todd and Brown Inc. Photograph Collection, AV2010.3, encompasses over eight hundred negatives and their corresponding photographic prints housed in an album. Systematic examination of the town and extensive planning occurred before the contractors began their assignment to demolish or move buildings not dating to the colonial era. Each photograph they took served a documentary purpose of recording a colonial structure, modern dwelling, business, church, municipal building, or outbuilding as it appeared prior to any work proceeding at a site. The collection is thus a significant archive of the many homes, grocery stores, general stores, gas stations, barber shops, banks, and offices that once stretched up and down Duke of Gloucester Street. It also offers many pre-restoration views of eighteenth-century buildings that had undergone modifications by later residents. A selection of images offers views of early progress on the reconstruction of such public buildings as the Capitol and Raleigh Tavern. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Todd and Brown Inc., New York Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Gelatin silver print Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image. 2 x 3 inches Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Todd and Brown Inc., New York Description An account of the resource View looking east on Duke of Gloucester Street from S. England Street towards the Colonial Hotel, later demolished in order to reconstruct Chowning's Tavern, Williamsburg, Virginia Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Todd-Brown Photograph Collection, AV2010.3, Box 1 Title A name given to the resource Duke of Gloucester Street Subject The topic of the resource Streets - Virginia - Williamsburg Hotels - Virginia - Williamsburg Lost architecture - Virginia - Williamsburg Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context TB031 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Automobiles Colonial Hotel Duke of Gloucester Street Street Scenes Todd and Brown Inc. Virginia Williamsburg https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/3854/archive/files/9e4365faa804851ca82152e3192711ff.jpg?Expires=1790208000&Signature=st-cap5f4IdUlfJZpWcFBK8ytQO1dB5%7ERVxHO955ZnTlVcCt8o1DW%7ET-pFCkwNYQ3jHeCnuYy9XENg7BQKxkWx8n8Wc3hlw%7Ex0w96yHwjEWshU%7EsaWWW-i0rmiipy69Epu7sn3r7F3hBV0aGw2qpCNqHRmPbbpT4lp8HJq84dnUruJbU-6gfjSm4CguGGZL9kqYGQpwoBo0RpPV-ZyLiRwzIG0jO6G0lRagU2NXTo%7E8rC6WqKg-m98-V7BnG95hhC6N4cY5dOtWQlqIYowqVEmDDcdBg10EjVY67og%7EejWc4FtC5obuNgAO7kcFo-y42SpPmORsD23Z3NtKymznjtg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 9d2b22814a65d3aae4083bb796153c21 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/3854/archive/files/b6e1a50b25d6a1f4693c8cdf03ae9c7a.jpg?Expires=1790208000&Signature=s0H89EZTkeJ9Hf4kiJtetQA1k82AkqmCMVGJ7CNvOr5IclX3ak65M-JfMsCF0kXZEupoLkpH0HEoHKw2ddZ46uAXkFh8x4OwPk15KLyKw62Zr-bmSw82wZS66ULcJ9DsNGSpEEPdVv7%7EwZi6w9bc71GgzI42-LqBsktDjS90AF2qROUgWmADsdfBK0WJaF3DsheU-66eax%7E5RT3BGqJECxKAImJUMSaaRs1uUxQMn9YzBNTq8-r1kg3ZC376LuA7fZ3Gr1INYmOmZjyt9vAH8-dWCPD67QI7H3i7zTKt7kAWELdjljxTX%7EIVrvDscRmPmsi82JLwKDaAGb9PvHX16w__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM b36c30f92b98f921e1007ac1206ecb65 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Selections from the Postcard Collection Description An account of the resource The Postcard Collection housed at the John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library consists of postcards of Williamsburg and surrounding areas dating from the late 19th-century to the present. It includes examples of early postcards of the town prior to its restoration by John D. Rockefeller Jr. In addition, it encompasses many examples of official postcards produced by Colonial Williamsburg for tourists. A smaller number of postcards of neighboring historic sites, such as Jamestown and Yorktown, are also present. The selections included here are primarily vintage postcards of Colonial Williamsburg and surrounding tourist attractions ranging in date from 1898 to the 1950s. Early cards in the collection illustrate a range of common postcard types and reproduction techniques. The history of the postcard's development as a souvenir, as well as the growth of tourism in Williamsburg, can be traced via Colonial Williamsburg's Postcard Collection. During what is known as the Pioneer Era from 1870-1898, the first form of postcard, featuring an illustration on one side and an undivided back on the other, did not allow the sender to include a note, unless it was written across a portion of the image on the front. The majority of pioneering postcard formats served as advertisements up until the 1893 Columbia Exposition, when postcards first appeared as souvenirs for Exposition visitors to purchase. The Private Mailing Card Era from 1898-1901 is characterized by cards printed with the notice "Private Mailing Card Authorized by Act of Congress on May 19, 1898." Backs of the cards remained undivided and purchasers could mail the cards for a cost of one cent. Several examples of postcards from this era are present in the collection. They include some of the earliest instances of souvenir cards created to promote Williamsburg historic sites, such as the Courthouse, Bruton Parish Church, the Powder Magazine, and the Capitol site. European rather than American printers created many of these postcards due to their superb skills. Chromo-lithograph cards of this era exhibit extremely rich colors. By the time the Jamestown Exposition took place in 1907, postcard production had entered the Divided Back Era, which continued until 1915. Modified postcard backs offered a segment on the left side for senders to pen a brief message. Production of cards gradually shifted to more American printers. The Jamestown Exposition provided a strong impetus for promotion of other historic sites that attendees might also stop at along the way. A series of postcards commemorating Williamsburg area historic sites in conjunction with the 1907 celebration are excellent examples of very early divided back cards. The Early Modern Era between 1916-1930 led to an increase in production of souvenir cards relating to the Williamsburg area. One type of format popular in this period is the "White Border Card" characterized by a view surrounded with a white border. Real photo cards also began to appear that featured photographs, rather than prints, of local surroundings. In the era before Colonial Williamsburg operated official gift shops, tourists counted on the Cole News Shop as their source for maps, postcards, travel guides, and souvenirs. Mr. Henry Dennison Cole served as the proprietor. His business stood on the site of the present day Taliaferro-Cole Shop. He produced his own postcards of historic sites in the area being restored by the Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities and other groups of preservation minded citizens. Several examples of cards published by the Cole Shop can be found in the collection and offer a glimpse of attractions popular with early 20th-century tourists, such as the old Masonic Hall and Custis Kitchen. Once Colonial Williamsburg opened a core group of exhibition buildings to the public in the early 1930s, a new era dawned in which the museum began production of official postcards as souvenirs for visitors. Photographs by F.S. Lincoln, an architectural photographer hired on a contract basis in 1935 to take some of the first promotional photos of Colonial Williamsburg exhibition buildings, appeared on a number of real photo postcards issued in the late 1930s. Both examples of postcards bearing his photos, as well as his actual photograph collection, reside at the Rockefeller Library. The Albertype Company of Brooklyn, New York, produced one of the earliest official postcard series highlighting Colonial Williamsburg exhibition buildings, costumed interpreters, Williamsburg Inn and Lodge, and Merchants Square. In addition to holding numerous examples of Albertype cards, the Rockefeller Library also houses the corresponding photographic prints used to generate the postcards. Albertype cards are characterized by sepia toned images that show exterior and interior views of exhibition buildings, as well as some of the earliest scenes of African Americans in costume demonstrating colonial cooking techniques. For further information about Williamsburg postcards, please consult: Preacher, Kristopher J. "Williamsburg in Vintage Postcards." Charleston: Arcadia Publishing, 2002. Reisweber, Kurt. "Williamsburg in Old Post Cards." Colonial Williamsburg XXI, No.2, (June/July 1999): 52-57. Subject The topic of the resource Postcards - Virginia - Williamsburg Souvenirs (Keepsakes) - Virginia - Williamsburg - Pictorial works Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Postcard Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image. 3.5 x 5.5 inches Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Duke of Gloucester Street Subject The topic of the resource Bruton Parish Church (Williamsburg, Va.) Block 21. Building 01. Streets - Virginia - Williamsburg Description An account of the resource Recto and verso of postcard featuring a view looking down Duke of Gloucester Street towards Bruton Parish Church. The side of the James Geddy House is visible across Palace Green. A female artist stands in the shade of a tree in the right foreground working on a composition. Published by the Detriot Photographic Company in 1902, this is an example of a card with an undivided back. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1902 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Postcard Collection Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Detriot Photographic Company Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context AV-2003-06-30 Artists Bruton Parish Church Church Architecture Colonial Hotel Detroit Photographic Company Duke of Gloucester Street Palace Green Postcards Street Scenes Virginia Williamsburg https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/3854/archive/files/dd6298aaf1ffbb11741a32dc83f8e8a8.jpg?Expires=1790208000&Signature=HhFhcNucD6zWlacpCHOMJGiX7QlR%7EcfFFjbSla5kJwB3Q7jcWz3XFdrULowPfTzGjpD%7EMds5z2WsWT2D7mTmFFze4xenF05FkyTo4h2PyhgDMJwi8YOnwvR6ihQ8GcMhSx%7EvKMQHIeqrvHCTthVWjH3%7EMdfRArbMvp4sCKXYcVvWjTLJPAdfx2g0KlSU1hIUaWSFexiLV-x%7E8MYSCgFkO%7EGfTT%7EuD%7EKm%7EkvL3CHjc5usqIXqHHE93naUdTCVyBYftboUa2F3almXHSI4yKisBNtslvxmFb6IUoo-z86mZ9OB-YTuRYLqlhrvkANt9mYoIZSUZw2UNsADxW3XSYEG1A__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 25d64c396999dfe0a1f26179bfa44662 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Selections from the Frank Nivison Photograph Collection Subject The topic of the resource Nivison, Frank Black and white photographs Historic buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg Public buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg Architecture, Domestic - Virginia - Williamsburg Architecture, Colonial - Virginia - Williamsburg Description An account of the resource Frank Reginald Nivison served as a contract photographer for Colonial Williamsburg during the initial restoration of the town between 1930 and 1935. Prior to this, he served as a darkroom assistant at the University Film Foundation at Harvard University. He was hired by the Williamsburg Holding Corp. to take progress photos of construction and restoration work, as well as of buildings to be wrecked or moved. According to a memo issued by architect William G. Perry to Frank Nivison on December 12, 1930, his work was to “…include the photography of all buildings and parts of buildings, exterior and interior, which the architects deem necessary for architectural and historical purposes. Such photographs would be supplemented by progress photographs of construction work as it proceeds. All buildings to be wrecked should be photographed before the wrecking takes place. In addition, there will be photographs of furniture, fabrics, and objects of all kinds.” Nivison set up a small photographic studio in a room in the Bruton Parish House. His equipment included a Zeiss camera, 5x7 inch, with a F 4.5 lens and a special magazine for cut films, along with a Mitchell tripod with a ball and socket head. His darkroom equipment consisted of an Eastman Auto-focus Enlarger, printing machines, and various accessories such as tanks and scales. Over the course of five years, he took more than 7,000 photographs documenting each stage of the restoration or reconstruction of various 18th-century buildings in Williamsburg. Copies of these photographs were forwarded to the offices of Perry, Shaw, & Hepburn in Boston so that the architects could monitor the progress of various projects. Nivison’s photographs were also used to produce postcards, “before and after” lantern slides, and publicity relating to the restoration of Williamsburg. By late 1935, Nivison had started taking on a lot of outside photography business and Colonial Williamsburg officials felt he should establish himself as an independent photographer. Nivison’s employment with Colonial Williamsburg terminated on July 1, 1935. However, Colonial Williamsburg continued to utilize his services on an as needed basis and assisted him in setting up his own business in Williamsburg. Unfortunately, Nivison did not attract enough outside commissions to enable him to operate independently and filed for bankruptcy in 1937. He applied to Colonial Williamsburg for a monthly retainer fee for his periodic services and was given $100.00 per month to draw upon in 1938. With the advent of World War II, Nivison moved back to Massachusetts in 1940. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Gelatin silver print Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image. 8 x 10 inches Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Courthouse of 1770 Description An account of the resource A pre-restoration view of the Courthouse of 1770 on Duke of Gloucester Street in Williamsburg, Virginia, circa 1928. The Colonial Hotel is visible beyond it. A cow grazes along the edge of the street. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Nivison, Frank Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Circa 1928 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. Circa 1928 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Frank Nivison Photograph Collection Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context N3364 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Subject The topic of the resource Courthouse (Williamsburg, Va.) Block 19. Building 03. Public buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg Streets - Virginia - Williamsburg Colonial Hotel Courthouse of 1770 Duke of Gloucester Street Frank Nivison Pre-Restoration Street Scenes Virginia Williamsburg https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/3854/archive/files/88cd98db4da7fbb469a9d780a29e0565.jpg?Expires=1790208000&Signature=TQnGcVaQwuqM9OaHxsI-SrdlSdoJ%7Ee8D3yE6uPTiKphTAhwvBjhYO%7EkDLwh0zx7GGCCHOa%7EAI032OhlTRuyGadCehTj69WGbgCAxsGDKp6GeL9XitXK8%7EEVN2BU13EKUGk3XDmP19In1IRakiFXV2Ad7PhiWNC9lLM-niANN1GLU5Pe92iR9EmLuFn7oKWBm5jMVcwLrBSbvnXnziDaIIixP3fhDTklqUEE8JI3Jf2wy0Bc-8d%7EtfquBAHV0-LZDJXwHujaIrmuhoE2BtX6ySb9seZ3vMt2mImz3OagNwNhWwXL11Sf%7EhEo%7E7V7zA42n9bCbtg9upgSyYx2G2H7KPw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 4b6d4fb542fc026d424f8c2abcad9fd3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Selections from the Frank Nivison Photograph Collection Subject The topic of the resource Nivison, Frank Black and white photographs Historic buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg Public buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg Architecture, Domestic - Virginia - Williamsburg Architecture, Colonial - Virginia - Williamsburg Description An account of the resource Frank Reginald Nivison served as a contract photographer for Colonial Williamsburg during the initial restoration of the town between 1930 and 1935. Prior to this, he served as a darkroom assistant at the University Film Foundation at Harvard University. He was hired by the Williamsburg Holding Corp. to take progress photos of construction and restoration work, as well as of buildings to be wrecked or moved. According to a memo issued by architect William G. Perry to Frank Nivison on December 12, 1930, his work was to “…include the photography of all buildings and parts of buildings, exterior and interior, which the architects deem necessary for architectural and historical purposes. Such photographs would be supplemented by progress photographs of construction work as it proceeds. All buildings to be wrecked should be photographed before the wrecking takes place. In addition, there will be photographs of furniture, fabrics, and objects of all kinds.” Nivison set up a small photographic studio in a room in the Bruton Parish House. His equipment included a Zeiss camera, 5x7 inch, with a F 4.5 lens and a special magazine for cut films, along with a Mitchell tripod with a ball and socket head. His darkroom equipment consisted of an Eastman Auto-focus Enlarger, printing machines, and various accessories such as tanks and scales. Over the course of five years, he took more than 7,000 photographs documenting each stage of the restoration or reconstruction of various 18th-century buildings in Williamsburg. Copies of these photographs were forwarded to the offices of Perry, Shaw, & Hepburn in Boston so that the architects could monitor the progress of various projects. Nivison’s photographs were also used to produce postcards, “before and after” lantern slides, and publicity relating to the restoration of Williamsburg. By late 1935, Nivison had started taking on a lot of outside photography business and Colonial Williamsburg officials felt he should establish himself as an independent photographer. Nivison’s employment with Colonial Williamsburg terminated on July 1, 1935. However, Colonial Williamsburg continued to utilize his services on an as needed basis and assisted him in setting up his own business in Williamsburg. Unfortunately, Nivison did not attract enough outside commissions to enable him to operate independently and filed for bankruptcy in 1937. He applied to Colonial Williamsburg for a monthly retainer fee for his periodic services and was given $100.00 per month to draw upon in 1938. With the advent of World War II, Nivison moved back to Massachusetts in 1940. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Gelatin silver print Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image. 8 x 10 inches Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Courthouse Green and Colonial Hotel Subject The topic of the resource Historic buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg Colonial Hotel (Williamsburg, Va.) Hotels - Virginia - Williamsburg Lost architecture - Virginia - Williamsburg Nicholson School (Williamsburg, Va.) Description An account of the resource General view of the east end of Courthouse Green from the south in Williamsburg, Virginia, circa 1931. To the right is the Colonial Hotel, on the site of present-day Chownings Tavern. The Colonial Hotel became a Williamsburg Inn annex and was later demolished. In the background, Nicholson School, also known as Public School No.1, is visible. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Nivison, Frank Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Circa 1931 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. Circa 1931 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Frank Nivison Photograph Collection Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context N370 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Colonial Hotel Courthouse Green Frank Nivison Nicholson School Pre-Restoration Schools Street Scenes Virginia Williamsburg https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/3854/archive/files/16872ae077110100221ecf759e8edf20.jpg?Expires=1790208000&Signature=FfyFdxcafnaxgYuWVue94wrB94lWuzWzUh%7EA0%7EES8iApr1JjS2MDSM-VvlIL5bJTtqhb5UWkBsidgOaTI6jFTNr7NV3yTWAVxjRo5fAMqGv2s4mhHeiT4odSXH0EfwTLU90C2LZ9BVPEcy-k-59BZBBOdoWHbSGMFjsgKbChUuj19S0Q6Cfit6sbpxzhGnjks4FDNpeSRQAYuIeiAAZNyhocvU68scRuQr%7E%7EZ9mAD88m9Jh7w-Q267--IXjq6UnYtQ7ri05SXSGsT0pgWrGNtUSd%7ElUbOY2V342Vl8c94Cb4C1WFO0si1SntJpmqULL22EM0TFbq1wwUm%7ExYiV0%7Ejg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 92d2e8cb6c65aa406de69c8d68639d56 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Corrine Montague Mustin Murray Cyanotype Collection Subject The topic of the resource Cyanotypes Williamsburg (Va.) - Photographs Williamsburg (Va.) - Buildings, structures, etc. Richmond (Va.) - Photographs Description An account of the resource Cyanotypes are a distinctive photographic process characterized by a Prussian blue hue that date back to 1842, when Sir John Herschel perfected this method of easily producing a reproduction using plain paper. A piece of paper coated with a light sensitive combination of iron salt, ammonium ferric citrate, and potassium ferricyanide, when exposed to light, turned blue. When a photographer placed a negative on top of the paper and placed it in the light, a positive image would appear on the paper and this image would be fixed through a wash to create a cyan image on a white background. Cyanotypes did not become a common photographic medium until the period between the late 1880s-1920 and tended to be used more often for landscape and architectural views since the bright uniform blue hue did not appeal to many as a format for portraits. Architectural blueprints are created using a similar process where ferric ammonium citrate is used to sensitize the paper and then it is exposed to light and put through a wash to create a design consisting of white lines exposed on a Prussian blue background. The Rockefeller Library holds several collections with examples of the cyanotype medium during its widespread use in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. These offer a glimpse into Williamsburg just prior to the launch of several projects to save historic properties around the town. The Corrine Montague Mustin Murray Cyanotype Collection, AV2012.9, consists entirely of cyanotypes depicting views of Williamsburg, Richmond, and the James River. Dating to circa 1903, they depict many of the historic structures still extant in Williamsburg, as well as the Market Square/Courthouse Green area and Capitol area before many early twentieth-century businesses and residences were erected. Bruton Parish Church welcomed Dr. W.A.R. Goodwin as rector in 1903 and he led a campaign for funds to help restore the church to its eighteenth-century appearance. During this period, town residents also started to organize through such groups as the Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities, co-founded in 1889 by Cynthia Beverley Tucker Coleman and Mary Jeffrey Galt, to rescue and preserve other deteriorating structures and to begin some early excavation activities, such as uncovering and capping the foundations of the Capitol in 1904. The thirty-five cyanotypes comprising this collection consist of landscape scenes and structures in Williamsburg, Richmond, and along the James River, Virginia collected by Corrine Montague Mustin Murray. Extent The size or duration of the resource. 35 cyanotypes Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Unknown Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Circa 1903 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Cyanotype Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Courthouse Green Subject The topic of the resource Courthouse (Williamsburg, Va.) Public buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg Historic buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg Market Square Tavern (Williamsburg, Va.) Hotels - Virginia - Williamsburg Description An account of the resource View looking across Courthouse Green towards rear elevation of Courthouse, east side of Colonial Hotel, and front elevation of Market Square Tavern, Williamsburg, Virginia Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Unknown Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Circa 1903 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Corrine Montague Mustin Murray Cyanotype Collection, AV2012.9 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Extent The size or duration of the resource. 1 photograph Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Mus-002 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Colonial Hotel Courthouse Green Courthouse of 1770 Cows Market Square Tavern Virginia Williamsburg https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/3854/archive/files/3aed7b199c3d2df191afc0e457225eb7.jpg?Expires=1790208000&Signature=nZIidNWA9rfCtY5Ox-fE2iyfT2QWOKH53r7qy6WvtwNi7mCz06kYIgfMNpqKJhxe41VJWutWhYiMNHANJDekvNRpwfNV1fUJ%7EaxJ1xZt4feiV3uGpJ2NYqb-KRgUpUSE5yi0slipy6j2s5AqYWenRp9%7EVmEf18tWjnMwxe6AmlQGqEoJMBdnzGf21XvnChtr45ds7rhuvaWfw5feVgzN3heS54rfRLbC4%7Esk27W60PLq2z4OEx66Cz1nKBfTfrFgCtKGFQz7XrBpjHAcyEeng84rZuHx9Xcz3hR7pyVXdfHG5yEfw4vXSq45NkaeDnNN2JL7-XNXFahJgrGahUE4zg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM e5eb9292ac148cece6d550c0e1d9151f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Todd and Brown Inc. Photograph Collection Subject The topic of the resource Todd and Brown Inc., New York Todd, Webster B. Brown, J.O. Historic buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg - 1930-1939 Williamsburg (Va.) - Photographs Williamsburg (Va.) - Buildings, structures, etc. Description An account of the resource Todd and Brown, Incorporated, a subsidiary firm of Todd, Robertson and Todd Engineering Corporation, headquartered in New York City, entered into a contract with the Williamsburg Holding Corporation on June 6, 1928. The engineers and contractors carried out work as directed by the architects and landscape architects on the reconstruction and restoration of historic structures and gardens in Williamsburg, Virginia. Mr. Webster B. Todd and Mr. J.O. Brown served as the principals of Todd and Brown, Incorporated. They appointed Robert Trimble to head the firm's Williamsburg office. Between 1928 and 1934, the Williamsburg crew undertook many different construction tasks in support of the museum's development and the relocation of the town's business district to Merchants Square. The Williamsburg office closed in 1934, when Williamsburg Restoration Inc. established its own Construction and Maintenance Department. However, the firm continued to be involved in a supervisory capacity with the building of the Williamsburg Inn from 1936 to 1938. The Todd and Brown Inc. Photograph Collection, AV2010.3, encompasses over eight hundred negatives and their corresponding photographic prints housed in an album. Systematic examination of the town and extensive planning occurred before the contractors began their assignment to demolish or move buildings not dating to the colonial era. Each photograph they took served a documentary purpose of recording a colonial structure, modern dwelling, business, church, municipal building, or outbuilding as it appeared prior to any work proceeding at a site. The collection is thus a significant archive of the many homes, grocery stores, general stores, gas stations, barber shops, banks, and offices that once stretched up and down Duke of Gloucester Street. It also offers many pre-restoration views of eighteenth-century buildings that had undergone modifications by later residents. A selection of images offers views of early progress on the reconstruction of such public buildings as the Capitol and Raleigh Tavern. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Todd and Brown Inc., New York Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Gelatin silver print Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image. 2.5 x 4 inches Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Colonial Hotel Outbuilding Subject The topic of the resource Block 19. Building 01A. Outbuildings - Virginia - Williamsburg Description An account of the resource Colonial Hotel Outbuilding, Williamsburg, Virginia, prior to its demolition Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Todd and Brown Inc. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1931 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 1931 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Todd and Brown Inc. Photograph Collection, AV2010.3, Box 1 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context TB558 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Colonial Hotel Demolished Buildings Outbuildings Todd and Brown Inc. Virginia Williamsburg https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/3854/archive/files/78463cc351cf097cf3b01ccb75c6819c.jpg?Expires=1790208000&Signature=qqM1CmSrcjrvMX1bGBfLkfbZohoX-0b7wfuSqPuxttmLvZs0-0Y1%7EryXth2ahWXxc0CO3vs1uJ%7EEdBSZJyLz69bVZYlbgbKIQeBwb1RhYDG4dumaLN%7EmW6fB-KkcCFVFS28I0669y1KjXuBNLl4WZUlGDaP7uqTQ1tfN4wKxcyS66TW5qV3kE-7AZi3vkESm2a8xmFoM6z1zyGQZvrRQYvo1NOb3%7Eg93Q%7EIgYbDemCmGHhSsGB9MDclJOFVur%7EcqTaYL2pRSWaCCXYMYMp6DnYmDZXWt7z3ZcmkBPCTN11TJUlHxdCX%7EC0RMCiApQ7eoFw3myCe6MKUCWh7hsBNvGw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 62ab1e08da4fe9aae2bb948d5b59c246 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Orin Miles Bullock Jr. Photograph Collection Subject The topic of the resource Bullock, Orin Miles Jr., 1905-1994 Architecture, Domestic - Virginia - Williamsburg Architecture, Colonial - Virginia - Williamsburg Public buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg Williamsburg (Va.) - Photographs Description An account of the resource Orin Miles Bullock Jr. (1905-1994), a Fellow of the American Institute of Architects and a native of Oakland, California, studied architecture at Harvard University and worked as a draftsman with the firms of McKim, Mead & White and Cram & Ferguson. In 1929, he joined the Williamsburg office of architects Perry, Shaw & Hepburn and spent five years assisting the team with drafting designs for the restoration or reconstruction of some of the earliest exhibition buildings in the Historic Area. He departed in 1934 to take a position as a regional architect for the National Park Service in Richmond. In 1941, he began a brief appointment as Executive Director of the Portsmouth Housing and Redevelopment Authority before enlisting for military service. After active duty during World War II, he returned to Colonial Williamsburg as Supervisor of Architectural Research in 1953. He oversaw a second phase of restoration work and archaeological investigations and contributed to documentation, via research reports, of efforts to combine authenticity and sound preservation methods to the continued restoration work at each building site, including "The How, What, Why of the Restoration of the Buildings in Colonial Williamsburg." During the 1960s, he contributed to the historic preservation movement with the publication of his "The Restoration Manual" of 1966 while serving as a Rehabilitation Architect with the Baltimore Urban Renewal and Housing Authority. The Rockefeller Library holds a selection of eighteen black and white photographs either taken by or collected by architect Orin Miles Bullock Jr. in the 1920s as part of his fieldwork studying extant eighteenth-century buildings in Williamsburg, Virginia and the surrounding area. Public buildings featured in the photos include the President’s House, Brafferton Hall, and Wren Building at the College of William & Mary, as well as the Powder Magazine and Public Gaol. Domestic structures documented include Tazewell Hall, the Benjamin Waller House, and the James Galt House. Bruton Parish Church and the Colonial Hotel and Williamsburg Baptist Church once located on Market Square are also represented. A few photos of historic buildings Bullock examined in other parts of the state complete the collection, including Tuckahoe in Goochland County, North Wales in Fauquier County, and the Adam Keeling House in Virginia Beach. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Bullock, Orin Miles Jr. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Circa 1920 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Orin Miles Bullock Photograph Collection, AV2010.2 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Extent The size or duration of the resource. 18 photographs Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Gelatin silver print Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image. 2.5 x 3.5 inches Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Colonial Hotel Subject The topic of the resource Hotels - Virginia - Williamsburg Historic buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg Lost architecture - Virginia - Williamsburg Description An account of the resource West elevation of the Colonial Hotel when located on the site of Chowning's Tavern, Williamsburg, Virginia. The Colonial Hotel became a Williamsburg Inn annex and was later demolished Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Bullock, Orin Miles Jr. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Circa 1920 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Orin Miles Bullock Jr. Photograph Collection, AV2010.2, Box 1 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Extent The size or duration of the resource. 1 photograph Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Bull-010 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Balconies Bay Windows Chimneys Clapboard Siding Colonial Hotel Demolished Buildings Orin Miles Bullock Jr. Porches Virginia Williamsburg https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/3854/archive/files/c6e59106abd289410ef97a3976363853.jpg?Expires=1790208000&Signature=SLX20Hwvkn2SjTO5%7EVAQPqqMNuMs3-HgHTU6g4G6it%7EZtPIzDP8aXZmp3%7EtatiP5HfC4jPo2AzMhpRf%7EoUrh3h5jzZNd5oy7D9CACafiqwBy7jtbzw-gPcvOXAthrv1EGtrFbEUfYShq6%7EH0e4aCZIVeUQQF34kq%7Ee1iEc7bgL0Ya76FkbTzubiuHFhLJERFZA4rQk8VemXlFPw0kN0bzGxyVTNh-tMWlYbMICJcpn8OiR2n2%7E47XHtO7aOkcZGUv4ilSrug6CGvLsKsVMKRvSo7N0A-ulYmb8lCJKfpY-4TJcZWh-WlU0-3tzoTPfrC%7EoTGlg40syL%7EYwpPqxtKpQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM c298f5ff52d0d220a8439944f8ba43d4 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Todd and Brown Inc. Photograph Collection Subject The topic of the resource Todd and Brown Inc., New York Todd, Webster B. Brown, J.O. Historic buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg - 1930-1939 Williamsburg (Va.) - Photographs Williamsburg (Va.) - Buildings, structures, etc. Description An account of the resource Todd and Brown, Incorporated, a subsidiary firm of Todd, Robertson and Todd Engineering Corporation, headquartered in New York City, entered into a contract with the Williamsburg Holding Corporation on June 6, 1928. The engineers and contractors carried out work as directed by the architects and landscape architects on the reconstruction and restoration of historic structures and gardens in Williamsburg, Virginia. Mr. Webster B. Todd and Mr. J.O. Brown served as the principals of Todd and Brown, Incorporated. They appointed Robert Trimble to head the firm's Williamsburg office. Between 1928 and 1934, the Williamsburg crew undertook many different construction tasks in support of the museum's development and the relocation of the town's business district to Merchants Square. The Williamsburg office closed in 1934, when Williamsburg Restoration Inc. established its own Construction and Maintenance Department. However, the firm continued to be involved in a supervisory capacity with the building of the Williamsburg Inn from 1936 to 1938. The Todd and Brown Inc. Photograph Collection, AV2010.3, encompasses over eight hundred negatives and their corresponding photographic prints housed in an album. Systematic examination of the town and extensive planning occurred before the contractors began their assignment to demolish or move buildings not dating to the colonial era. Each photograph they took served a documentary purpose of recording a colonial structure, modern dwelling, business, church, municipal building, or outbuilding as it appeared prior to any work proceeding at a site. The collection is thus a significant archive of the many homes, grocery stores, general stores, gas stations, barber shops, banks, and offices that once stretched up and down Duke of Gloucester Street. It also offers many pre-restoration views of eighteenth-century buildings that had undergone modifications by later residents. A selection of images offers views of early progress on the reconstruction of such public buildings as the Capitol and Raleigh Tavern. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Todd and Brown Inc., New York Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Gelatin silver print Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image. 2.5 x 4 inches Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Colonial Hotel Subject The topic of the resource Block 19. Building 02. Hotels - Virginia - Williamsburg Business enterprises - Virginia - Williamsburg Lost architecture - Virginia - Williamsburg Description An account of the resource View looking across Duke of Gloucester Street towards the south and west elevations of Colonial Hotel, 121 East Duke of Gloucester Street, Williamsburg, Virginia Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Todd and Brown Inc. Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Todd and Brown Inc. Photograph Collection, AV2010.3, Box 1 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context TB560 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Balconies Business Districts Clapboard Siding Colonial Hotel Cupolas Duke of Gloucester Street Gingerbread Trim Porches Street Scenes Todd and Brown Inc. Virginia Williamsburg https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/3854/archive/files/8783081be863ec8eaa2e442256e25496.jpg?Expires=1790208000&Signature=TWJYPNrIHW6Gb1NxKS3tZ4piw12xdL6moYMPwQy56yt0BQkmqpiaAYY4Iy7cp-vHNryDr4QVTcnlW5IVQP6L-4cdsSvq38iudpICE-Cdk1CVOLyLROVdLpd8qhe8m4e2AAsG9cOx6DHl5bgQDbDFowuNxMjbpAmfyq489ubR9GsmiMF4p92VGd718hXMjiB9fMUDqplx-C248rSeuRA3cfFFBpUft2jqzm1%7E0zQQ%7EYDEJhRNLRsCg9YsWUSXkk%7EQfZnpslPkL7tYv97-gmBvIdoh3fLUx2oAcLUXIX5F%7EXXZZE1fpEcNrhDXTr1n5OaiaeOnpeioI83LvPc4Oq1%7Efw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM fa235d8b04df55f3f1817cddd5da140f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Todd and Brown Inc. Photograph Collection Subject The topic of the resource Todd and Brown Inc., New York Todd, Webster B. Brown, J.O. Historic buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg - 1930-1939 Williamsburg (Va.) - Photographs Williamsburg (Va.) - Buildings, structures, etc. Description An account of the resource Todd and Brown, Incorporated, a subsidiary firm of Todd, Robertson and Todd Engineering Corporation, headquartered in New York City, entered into a contract with the Williamsburg Holding Corporation on June 6, 1928. The engineers and contractors carried out work as directed by the architects and landscape architects on the reconstruction and restoration of historic structures and gardens in Williamsburg, Virginia. Mr. Webster B. Todd and Mr. J.O. Brown served as the principals of Todd and Brown, Incorporated. They appointed Robert Trimble to head the firm's Williamsburg office. Between 1928 and 1934, the Williamsburg crew undertook many different construction tasks in support of the museum's development and the relocation of the town's business district to Merchants Square. The Williamsburg office closed in 1934, when Williamsburg Restoration Inc. established its own Construction and Maintenance Department. However, the firm continued to be involved in a supervisory capacity with the building of the Williamsburg Inn from 1936 to 1938. The Todd and Brown Inc. Photograph Collection, AV2010.3, encompasses over eight hundred negatives and their corresponding photographic prints housed in an album. Systematic examination of the town and extensive planning occurred before the contractors began their assignment to demolish or move buildings not dating to the colonial era. Each photograph they took served a documentary purpose of recording a colonial structure, modern dwelling, business, church, municipal building, or outbuilding as it appeared prior to any work proceeding at a site. The collection is thus a significant archive of the many homes, grocery stores, general stores, gas stations, barber shops, banks, and offices that once stretched up and down Duke of Gloucester Street. It also offers many pre-restoration views of eighteenth-century buildings that had undergone modifications by later residents. A selection of images offers views of early progress on the reconstruction of such public buildings as the Capitol and Raleigh Tavern. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Todd and Brown Inc., New York Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Gelatin silver print Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image. 2.5 x 4 inches Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Colonial Hotel Subject The topic of the resource Block 19. Building 02. Hotels - Virginia - Williamsburg Business enterprises - Virginia - Williamsburg Lost architecture - Virginia - Williamsburg Description An account of the resource Front elevation of Colonial Hotel, 121 East Duke of Gloucester Street, Williamsburg, Virginia Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Todd and Brown Inc. Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Todd and Brown Inc. Photograph Collection, AV2010.3, Box 1 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context TB559 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Balconies Colonial Hotel Cupolas Duke of Gloucester Street Gingerbread Trim Porches Street Scenes Todd and Brown Inc. Virginia Williamsburg https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/3854/archive/files/048c7be89bc9c8aec5be73416943f12f.jpg?Expires=1790208000&Signature=fM8ck-mUUpx0NjVyYQpfl9gO-2HGEm2HQRk1-nyFlmcQwv7LVyoUdpJJux4KQLskH2TAig2Y0hLT05YghYjY7EHmIkrd%7EJ%7Ep0%7El7q529XJQDpxPCSt0awpAK3jGYP7tqIpBLd6GT15bSN0zmSHcrBkWIa%7E-0DO-FaDMvVoR73zW5sy629t3KpL%7E9tiUOauZ0LtoG1Mkm1d9ilsX22EdX%7Edv6Q3jdvNw5yrlpx0qJDynpkLsGJ%7El8eMPkL3uIyITuxNyX6mJbbDhBPlKQgTaBxRQLKqehN4j3gKzvdts5K8DL2HXKD%7EOq9WuipPJdVIZrt9jVXZIT8sIcpZdciUF-eA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 916c826eff14fcf2ba1d6b6b60f74b4d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Selections from the Clyde Holmes Photograph Collection Subject The topic of the resource Historic buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg Public buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg Architecture, Domestic - Virginia - Williamsburg Black and white photographs Holmes, Clyde E., 1902-1977 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Holmes, Clyde Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Circa 1928-1932 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Description An account of the resource “Since 1924, a young man in Williamsburg, Mr. Clyde Holmes, has been collecting newspaper clippings and taking photographs in connection with the Restoration. This man has apparently all the newspaper write-ups that appeared in the local papers touching the Restoration from the time Dr. Goodwin first attempted to have someone buy the town in 1924; he also has from two to three thousand photographs he has taken of the various buildings and streets in Williamsburg before and after the Restoration began.” Letter, Vernon Geddy to Perry, Shaw & Hepburn, July 29, 1930, Colonial Williamsburg Corporate Archives The Clyde Holmes Photograph Collection originated with Clyde Holmes, a long-term Williamsburg resident with a passion for history. His employment at the Imperial Theater on Duke of Gloucester Street helped to develop his interest in film and photography. As noted in the quote above, Holmes drew inspiration from the early efforts of Dr. W.A.R. Goodwin, rector of Bruton Parish Church, to convince both townspeople and wealthy philanthropists to support preservation of dilapidated structures with ties to the days when Williamsburg was a bustling colonial capital. Goodwin first approached Henry Ford in 1924 with the idea of funding preservation of certain Williamsburg buildings. Undaunted by Ford’s refusal, Goodwin pitched his ideas to John D. Rockefeller, Jr., who agreed to finance restoration of the colonial segment of Williamsburg in 1927. He authorized hiring Perry, Shaw, & Hepburn, a Boston architectural firm, to begin drafting preliminary plans. Once approved, the firm assembled a team of architects and draftsmen who started what local residents jokingly termed a second “Yankee invasion” in the late 1920s as they arrived in the area to study and measure existing buildings, uncover buried foundations, and conduct fieldwork at other colonial sites in the region. After his photographic efforts came to the attention of this team, Todd & Brown, the firm hired to oversee much of the construction work connected with the Restoration, encouraged Holmes by asking him to assist them with taking “before” photos of various sites. He also took a few to document early progress with archaeological and architectural investigations. While lacking the superior quality of contract photographers hired to aid the team, his amateur photos were recognized early on as having significant value as a working archive of the town’s pre-restoration appearance. Clyde Holmes cooperated with and supported the restoration effort by turning over his collection of clippings and photographs in 1933. Dating from ca. 1924-1933, his photos capture the birth of the idea of Williamsburg as a tourist destination. Automobiles, a hotel, a souvenir shop, and Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities sites all attest to growing activity in the town as it stood on the brink of transformation into a laboratory for one of the nation’s earliest historic preservation campaigns. Examples of lost architecture that was either soon to be moved or torn down to make way for reconstruction of colonial buildings are also well represented in the collection. Holmes donated his photos in a bound fire insurance volume. Adhered to the pages with glue, the photos have since been removed for optimal preservation but still await further conservation treatment to remove residual paper backings. Quite a few of the Holmes images were copied by restoration contract photographers and mounted on linen for insertion into albums used on a daily basis by the architectural team. The visible stains, tears, and creases bear witness to the role this group of photos played in providing visual evidence that guided restoration and reconstruction work. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Gelatin silver print Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image. 5 x 7 inches Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Colonial Hotel Subject The topic of the resource Historic buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg Lost architecture - Virginia - Williamsburg Hotels - Virginia - Williamsburg Description An account of the resource View looking northeast of southwest elevation of the Colonial Hotel, on the site of present-day Chownings Tavern, Williamsburg, Virginia, circa 1928. The Colonial Hotel became a Williamsburg Inn annex and was later demolished Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Holmes, Clyde Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Circa 1928 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. Circa 1928 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Clyde Holmes Photograph Collection, AV2009.25, Box 1, Folder 2, Sheet 23 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context H004 Print Hol-88 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Clyde Holmes Colonial Hotel Hotels Lost Architecture Market Square Virginia Williamsburg https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/3854/archive/files/c165a8a36be33f8e288efbb4c7ba111b.jpg?Expires=1790208000&Signature=CKZNSLRrNHW%7EP76i6ZcR5D9ypmqxqw%7EqRlAq4pwiLMqWOIOT6H1QZAJ%7EvL9nEuqFfgYZ4yCotVG%7EhuKENgvdQ8XsDhwzUPkouRBzBMSgnh2TyWfl3dqu9kGRF4PMioonmaZ-CzoHKDC8Rgs6FWRPPsgocq9vZNwqapHxQ5t5l62mXYpdlJTXfVA%7EgQtq2YlTgoLV98R6bStEQnNGq15zF-ZZvQrvOIIBWYDgodTV9LMHB-gWl3HteiYVtDdOrlh44n2RK9kZFN8gXLuV3Joeqrd63S6IXBpgiYpErPFatxmiXuJuspg9ZWm9TL9RBNRNd8CXw%7E8HaU-gC2FkHXrbIw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM b7b88e94692053cde2299a9db30b7742 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource D.N. Davidson Photograph Collection Subject The topic of the resource Historic buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg Architecture, Colonial - Virginia - Williamsburg Black and white photographs Architectural photographs - 1920-1930 Lost architecture - Virginia - Williamsburg Description An account of the resource In 1933, the Williamsburg Holding Corporation acquired a set of over one hundred photographs from Newport News photographer D.A. Davidson. Described in a January 3, 1933 letter by Dr. W.A.R. Goodwin as "...the most valuable photographs which we have...," it formed the nucleus of what would later become an extensive photo archive relating to Williamsburg's restoration. Taken in the Williamsburg, Virginia area, circa 1928, the images offer many pre-restoration views of the town just prior to the commencement of restoration work funded by John D. Rockefeller Jr. Many local businesses, residences, and even streets known to townspeople in the 1920s but demolished or relocated as part of the development of Colonial Williamsburg in the late 1920s and early 1930s are documented in Davidson's photographs. The collection also provides a visual record of the appearance of many of the surviving eighty-eight public and private buildings dating to the eighteenth-century. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Circa 1928 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. D.N. Davidson Photograph Collection Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Davidson, D.N. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Gelatin silver print Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image. 8 x 10 inches Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Colonial Hotel Subject The topic of the resource Historic buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg Hotels - Virginia - Williamsburg Lost architecture - Virginia - Williamsburg Description An account of the resource View looking northeast of southwest elevation of the Colonial Hotel, on the site of present-day Chownings Tavern, Williamsburg, Virginia, circa 1928. The Colonial Hotel became a Williamsburg Inn annex and was later demolished. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Davidson, D. N. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Circa 1928 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. Circa 1928 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. D. N. Davidson Photograph Collection, AV-2013.2, Box 1, Folder 1 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context D-13 see also 78-778 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Chowning's Tavern Colonial Hotel D. N. Davidson Lost Architecture Market Square Pre-Restoration Virginia Williamsburg Williamsburg Inn