1 20 15 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/3854/archive/files/3ab9b86650e18ea3f681b1035fd0b17a.jpg?Expires=1773878400&Signature=ubjMtY%7EZYgcxW-oEqwoE04skvauimND4BJ26ap-%7EIhmyW%7EYvETWyD1kFrNlNqF8gt0r07D%7E58hc6%7Ema%7E7OJf4bRlo05Tvg9dMfwm13uVpBn5SxBSUpxQGX6kgnc18I-AFGBXJjMTUoKEsB-GLJxWgvtODyM%7EAJt4tbC1MF2PSf5Sh66TmlwXaVDUG1lptsGNoHc4H0FkBsXPFmgpqPxJGk1S7nGj5T6HrHuwp-VLHObI%7EV9BFvkmc7JHuD5JdVvj7u7JExc5WK5lEgjp6wqabd88XYp5ATi7NdmBbv0y0a7LeztTQP6mdUxl2hPfixY2Vy3GK7-Hs7oDyh6-BpRCRg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM fb8b324dfbe98c588c0fcb187b5a2d53 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ernest M. Frank Photograph Collection Subject The topic of the resource Frank, Ernest M., 1914-1968 Photograph albums Williamsburg (Va.) - Photographs Architecture, Domestic - Virginia - Williamsburg Public buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg Historic buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg Williamsburg (Va.) - Buildings, structures, etc. Description An account of the resource Ernest Maurice Frank, a graduate of Cornell University, rose from the ranks of Draftsman to Assistant Vice-President over the course of a three-decade career at Colonial Williamsburg. During the late 1930s, a team of architects drafted plans to fill in the gaps with reconstruction or restoration of structures not included in the initial group completed in the early 1930s. Known as “Phase II” in Colonial Williamsburg’s evolution, the period launched an expansion of plans for future projects at sites such as the George Wythe and Peyton Randolph Houses, many of which became reality after the end of World War II. Singleton P. Moorehead, an architect who joined the Restoration team in 1928 and became part of the architectural office in 1934, and A.E. Kendrew, Foundation Architect, proved to be pivotal in moving Colonial Williamsburg forward with the Phase II transition. They hired Ernest Frank in 1939 to join their team of draftsmen beginning work on Phase II planning. Unfortunately, World War II intervened, and Frank and many other employees left the organization to fulfill their military duties in 1942. Frank re-joined Colonial Williamsburg in 1946 and established his own architectural practice in Williamsburg on the side in 1947. He rapidly advanced to Senior Draftsmen in 1947, Designer in 1948, and assumed the position of Assistant Director of the Architecture, Construction, and Maintenance Division from 1949-1956. In 1957, he became Director of the division until 1964, when he received a promotion to Assistant Vice-President for Colonial Williamsburg Inc. under Charles Hackett. One of Frank’s major projects involved overseeing the reconstruction of additional eighteenth-century features of the Robert Carter House complex. He and his team researched and designed the two long covered ways connecting outbuildings to the main house, as well as Dr. McKenzie’s Shop and several outbuildings. His architectural drawings for the Powder Magazine and Guardhouse, Bryan House, Ewing House, John Crump House, and the new Visitor’s Center complex and Motor House all attest to his extensive contributions. A member of the American Institute of Architects, Frank regularly spoke at architectural forums and design schools and became a recognized authority on colonial Virginian architecture. In his final years at Colonial Williamsburg, Frank served as a deputy to Charles Hackett, who led Colonial Williamsburg Inc. and Williamsburg Restoration Inc., until his death in 1968. A record of Frank’s meticulous research conducted as part of the process of developing designs for reconstructions can be found in the Ernest M. Frank Photograph Collection, AV2009.58, housed at the Rockefeller Library. Frank joined other members of the architectural team in the late 1940s and early 1950s in a series of trips throughout the mid-Atlantic region and to Great Britain to visit sites and record details that might be used as precedents for features of buildings planned for reconstruction. The team had to engage in a certain amount of educated guesswork for certain features of structures for which they could not find archaeological, historical, or visual evidence. A series of ten photo albums encompasses images from the late 1940s to early 1950s of sites at Colonial Williamsburg, various counties in Virginia, Maryland, North Carolina, and South Carolina, and Great Britain. The two albums focusing upon his 1951 trip to England are organized by various types of details under study, such as lamp brackets, signs, shop windows, foot scrapers, chimneys, gates, and fences. Together, the photo albums offer insight into the process used to gather clues for drafting designs for some of the buildings that constitute the second phase of Colonial Williamsburg’s development after World War II. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Frank, Ernest Maurice Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Ernest M. Frank Photograph Collection, AV2009.58 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. Extent The size or duration of the resource. Ten albums Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Gelatin silver print mounted on paper Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Courthouse of 1770 Description An account of the resource View of the south elevation of the Courthouse of 1770 blanketed in snow, Williamsburg, Virginia. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context AV2009-58-A05-FRA004_008 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Frank, Ernest M. Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Ernest Maurice Frank Photograph Collection, AV2009.58, Album 5, Page 4 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Extent The size or duration of the resource. 1 photograph Type The nature or genre of the resource image Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Subject The topic of the resource Courthouse (Williamsburg, Va.) Block 19. Building 03. Public buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg Courthouses - Virginia - Williamsburg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1940s Chimneys Cornices Courthouse Green Courthouse of 1770 Cupolas Ernest Frank Pediments Round-headed Windows Snow Virginia Williamsburg https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/3854/archive/files/c25f0aae6537c72ac54445b5aac3698a.jpg?Expires=1773878400&Signature=tBjZ2x%7E-cGclAvi2y%7EDTDDXyJLcnvA9z5RnStGBaNFIFMpIAq%7E0gIQ9z-4D9ZGzbkTqT-DlHz3gXtspgQQp8XxzOnitY6wU09wmdb7kLYeYHDcfUHNoWVyLJuhM-I9mHGJrce9wkJkW32ms34XzgpMti%7Epv04-8jDQQ50TqlMwLPAEvK78N29%7E9FAyIPksMYHKZq7TyJC21jrSIWESoSft7LTISYHDdlTgQI6-%7EddzV9Kwb5bNBH3x1ZU8K6vuCAsmS502P4gusn3vIvvcsxjU9rqE2A1FT576Y%7EdOVM7o--SJG5sf%7EGxEk3OTf75AcquJ8%7EysqiHLUG9LnmNKZ85A__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM f93c35b4cbc8fe0ee374756951d30c08 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Robert Lowell Warner Aerial Photographs Subject The topic of the resource Warner, Robert Lowell Aerial photography - Virginia - Williamsburg Photography, Military - United States African American neighborhoods - Virginia - Williamsburg World War, 1939-1945 - War work - Virginia - Wiliamsburg Williamsburg - History - 20th century Williamsburg (Va.) - Buildings, structures, etc. Description An account of the resource Aerial Perspectives on Wartime Williamsburg Today’s Rockefeller Library volunteer photographer, Wayne Reynolds, is capturing aerial footage of Williamsburg via a camera attached to a drone. His simulations of flying over Williamsburg add a new perspective to a large archive of aerial photography dating back to the 1920s. Military aircraft from Langley Field captured some of the earliest bird’s-eye views as they documented the terrain for defensive purposes and strategic planning. Some of their aerial images became part of the visual archive the Williamsburg office of architects Perry, Shaw and Hepburn began assembling to aid their study of the town prior to making any changes. Today these photos enhance understanding of the restoration process by showing the many structures that had to be moved or demolished to bring the Historic Area back to its eighteenth-century appearance. In some instances, they may offer the best visual documentation of how different buildings stood in relation to each other in late 1920s Williamsburg. A long-ago training exercise by a service member has preserved some unique aerial photos of Williamsburg’s Historic Area as it appeared during its next phase of development during World War II. Received as a donation from the Warner family, the series of images taken by Robert Lowell Warner, a United States Navy photographer, document Colonial Williamsburg’s wartime mission of providing educational field trips as part of basic training for soldiers from Fort Eustis and Camp Peary, as well as providing a place for recreation and relaxation to rejuvenate servicemen and their families from other surrounding bases, such a Naval Station Norfolk. The U.S. Navy Photographic Squadron conducted aerial surveys over the Hampton Roads region to allow its crew to hone its skills working with the special cameras and taking photographs wearing a safety harness out an open door of the aircraft. Aerial photographers played a critical role in wartime military operations. They carefully documented terrain from above to aid in planning for defensive and offensive actions. In coordination with photo lithographic units that could rapidly develop and print images, the photographers aided military strategists in quickly planning for aerial maneuvers. Robert Lowell Warner, a professional photographer from Charleston, West Virginia, enlisted in the United States Naval Reserves on March 10, 1944 and served until January 3, 1946, when he was honorably discharged with the rank of Photographer’s Mate, Second Class. As an employee of the Photographic Squadron Two at Naval Air Station Norfolk, Warner learned to operate special large format cameras used to create aerial photographs for mapping purposes. The photos taken during training exercises in turn provided images that other soldiers could use to practice interpreting images to calculate the sizes of structures and other features at ground level, an important tool for planning military strategy in combat zones. A series of aerial photos could also be used to generate very precise maps useful in both wartime and peacetime. Warner and his wife took advantage of the recreational opportunities for servicemen and their families at Colonial Williamsburg when taking leave from the Naval Air Station Norfolk. The family holds a 1941 Colonial Williamsburg guidebook and admission tickets for the Raleigh Tavern and the Ludwell-Paradise House dating to 1945. A record of their visits is also preserved in a series of photographs Warner took while touring the Historic Area, including a still life of cooking implements in a fireplace, the Governor’s Palace maze, and various street scenes and exterior building views. They clearly benefitted from the opportunity to rest and recharge offered by the military furlough at Williamsburg and later brought their children back for an educational museum visit. After his discharge, Warner moved back to Charleston, West Virginia and continued his career as a photographer, eventually becoming the chief photographer of the Union Carbide South Charleston Technical Center’s photo lab. Shot in early color transparency format, the donated set of eight aerial photos offer sharp, detail-oriented perspectives on various regions of the Historic Area in 1945, some of which are quite different in appearance today. In the first example, an aerial view looking towards the east ends of Duke of Gloucester and Francis Streets, Waller Street is shown in an undeveloped state with the Kelly House standing on the site of Christiana Campbell’s Tavern. It was later demolished in the 1950s to allow for reconstruction of the tavern which opened in May 1956. Capitol Landing Road, visible in the upper left, includes a few houses still standing today, such as the one housing the Governor’s Trace Bed & Breakfast. A second aerial focusing upon the Palace Green area includes a military bus parked in front of the Governor’s Palace where servicemen disembarked for an educational visit. In 1944 and 1945, many convalescent soldiers from area military hospitals toured Colonial Williamsburg as the Soldier Sailor Training Program scaled back and the Historic Area became a significant component of rehabilitation efforts. It also offers a view of the area at the rear of the Governor’s Palace gardens near the C&O railroad tracks where townspeople planted and maintained Victory Gardens. Another example, a view of the Capitol site looking towards Block 17, housing the Raleigh Tavern, and Blocks 27 and 28 along east Nicholson Street, is significant for its visual documentation of an entire neighborhood now disappeared that once served Williamsburg’s hospitality employees and African American community during the era of segregation. Today the area encompasses Colonial Williamsburg’s Franklin Street administrative buildings, bus operations, archaeological collections building, millwork shop, laundry, commissary, and warehouse. Two churches, Mount Ararat Baptist Church, on Franklin Street, and Union Baptist Church, on Botetourt Street, served the spiritual needs of residents. Along Raleigh Lane, extending off of Nicholson Street near the Public Gaol, stood the Odd Fellows Hall, also known as the Morninglight Lodge, the Hillside Café/Wallace and Cook’s Beer Garden restaurant, and the Thomas Confectionary, all of which provided venues for social and philanthropic activities during the era of segregation. The Toby Scott restaurant and store across Botetourt Street from Mount Ararat Baptist Church gave neighbors another place to shop and congregate. As part of its effort to attract and retain well-trained hotel and restaurant workers from larger cities to work at hospitality properties, Colonial Williamsburg constructed a row of six white clapboard houses along East Scotland Street in the 1930s. They offered comfortable and up-to-date homes with a living room, full kitchen, bedrooms, bathrooms, and screened porches. Known as “White City” due to the painted white clapboard siding used on all six dwellings, they became the residences of chefs, bellmen, dining room captains, chauffeurs, and housekeepers for the Williamsburg Inn and Lodge. A large white clapboard dormitory building visible on the site of today’s Franklin Street Office Building provided additional lodging for single employees during a period when wartime housing pressures pushed Williamsburg to convert all useable spaces into extra accommodations. Today’s only remainder of this once vibrant neighborhood is Mount Ararat Baptist Church which still stands on Franklin Street next to the Franklin Street Office Building. While the original intent of Robert Lowell Warner’s aerial photography is long past, the Rockefeller Library is pleased to add digital copies and corresponding inkjet prints to its photo archives, where they will serve a new purpose as an important record of Williamsburg from a bird’s-eye perspective during the 1940s. The aerial views are a significant legacy of the wartime years donated by the Warner family in honor of their father and of the 75th anniversary of the end of World War II. They tell the story of one of the many thousands of soldiers who passed through wartime Williamsburg and upon whom the Historic Area left a lasting impression through the viewfinder of his camera. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Warner, Robert Lowell Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1945 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. Extent The size or duration of the resource. Seven transparencies Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Robert Lowell Warner Aerial Photographs, AV2022.2, 1-7. See also AV2020.3, 1-8 for associated digital images. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Transparency Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image. 8.5 x 8.5 inches Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Aerial View of Market Square and Courthouse Green Subject The topic of the resource Aerial photographs - Virginia - Williamsburg Williamsburg (Va.) - Buildings, structures, etc. Courthouse (Williamsburg, Va.) Powder Magazine (Williamsburg, Va.) Description An account of the resource Aerial view looking NW over Market Square and Courthouse Green, Robert Lowell Warner Aerial Photographs of Williamsburg, Virginia, U.S. Naval Reserve Photographic Squadron, May 1945 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Warner, Robert Lowell Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1945 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Robert Lowell Warner Aerial Photographs, AV2022.2, 6 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Extent The size or duration of the resource. 1 transparency Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context D2020-COPY-0917-2006 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Aerial Views Chowning's Tavern Courthouse Green Courthouse of 1770 Lightfoot House Market Square Market Square Tavern Powder Magazine Robert Lowell Warner Virginia Williamsburg https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/3854/archive/files/d26f89705f7b1feb4f651b80185d2fab.jpg?Expires=1773878400&Signature=Gowblh2c6RFJg4eivCw7rKTeeSZglmZI%7ENgx3n8l5yKDAE92fbzqdr6HkYMDkqPbhrMIpMhwBQlnUoSQkMB9a1BShDkRZwuranekqJoPPuoXjwsQ2HbzfuwdyUBvyAu137-pYZVg8JsNysVj0RhXoTogkVmzNnUvYAK5S2QBeWUEfi00BkHvB1b8P2bG-VRelVHcLnP1XUGWaZYxXAjfqrc3mM7f2OOF5Viwas9ZJwvjWGYTVdHHWnKynFnF091613TyDK0w5226yY9ztRrQxFhK%7EU5LkJTHJpGo88PJTyzYoatqPb-yA2%7ErzVGi%7EWEho2QLHboH9fTWGBeNuL1jqg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 79252f677ff7fc25c282993ffad46e3a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Corrine Montague Mustin Murray Cyanotype Collection Subject The topic of the resource Cyanotypes Williamsburg (Va.) - Photographs Williamsburg (Va.) - Buildings, structures, etc. Richmond (Va.) - Photographs Description An account of the resource Cyanotypes are a distinctive photographic process characterized by a Prussian blue hue that date back to 1842, when Sir John Herschel perfected this method of easily producing a reproduction using plain paper. A piece of paper coated with a light sensitive combination of iron salt, ammonium ferric citrate, and potassium ferricyanide, when exposed to light, turned blue. When a photographer placed a negative on top of the paper and placed it in the light, a positive image would appear on the paper and this image would be fixed through a wash to create a cyan image on a white background. Cyanotypes did not become a common photographic medium until the period between the late 1880s-1920 and tended to be used more often for landscape and architectural views since the bright uniform blue hue did not appeal to many as a format for portraits. Architectural blueprints are created using a similar process where ferric ammonium citrate is used to sensitize the paper and then it is exposed to light and put through a wash to create a design consisting of white lines exposed on a Prussian blue background. The Rockefeller Library holds several collections with examples of the cyanotype medium during its widespread use in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. These offer a glimpse into Williamsburg just prior to the launch of several projects to save historic properties around the town. The Corrine Montague Mustin Murray Cyanotype Collection, AV2012.9, consists entirely of cyanotypes depicting views of Williamsburg, Richmond, and the James River. Dating to circa 1903, they depict many of the historic structures still extant in Williamsburg, as well as the Market Square/Courthouse Green area and Capitol area before many early twentieth-century businesses and residences were erected. Bruton Parish Church welcomed Dr. W.A.R. Goodwin as rector in 1903 and he led a campaign for funds to help restore the church to its eighteenth-century appearance. During this period, town residents also started to organize through such groups as the Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities, co-founded in 1889 by Cynthia Beverley Tucker Coleman and Mary Jeffrey Galt, to rescue and preserve other deteriorating structures and to begin some early excavation activities, such as uncovering and capping the foundations of the Capitol in 1904. The thirty-five cyanotypes comprising this collection consist of landscape scenes and structures in Williamsburg, Richmond, and along the James River, Virginia collected by Corrine Montague Mustin Murray. Extent The size or duration of the resource. 35 cyanotypes Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Unknown Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Circa 1903 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Cyanotype Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Courthouse Green Subject The topic of the resource Courthouse (Williamsburg, Va.) Roscow Cole House (Williamsburg, Va.) Bruton Parish Church (Williamsburg, Va.) Public buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg Architecture, Domestic - Virginia - Williamsburg Historic buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg Description An account of the resource View looking southwest across Courthouse Green towards the Courthouse, Roscow Cole House, and Bruton Parish Church, Williamsburg, Virginia Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Unknown Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Circa 1903 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Corrine Montague Mustin Murray Cyanotype Collection, AV2012.9 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Extent The size or duration of the resource. 1 photograph Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Mus-002 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Bruton Parish Church Courthouse Green Courthouse of 1770 Roscow Cole House Virginia Williamsburg https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/3854/archive/files/1baadb983eca88315e9263880fc5f1ea.jpg?Expires=1773878400&Signature=Vn00OHm20fiOqtHC29p7-x9gW8gwlcaGFYPVCZ7XWylom3DpPNKY3BgCQOCBln4Tyry%7ErGmYmBx60uE0nVWry4-LqvntrTaiC0O1FltNQHsg24DxqYyK5GbtUG5JiTCsryX%7EqhUC620imjuihWPHmSaQsd9mtJ4iW%7EIS1QmIGmrUSkQravI9OUkv43V%7EbLowmpnWl28rtKCAEVtbY31qpHMuJP%7E7OCb6SlyOCOi2W7meoFH7YPiCvKXqXdxBRCf5%7Ep4QCcZtZMf2WQiJH5BG2kSs5-k1S3FaM7GOAXjQ0nS4g5JB5BhCadIKxhuHUxsfh6AR0qh74mXWxXZ7WpB%7EBA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 2fdc89cf032fbf5119138b264801907e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Selections from the Frank Nivison Photograph Collection Subject The topic of the resource Nivison, Frank Black and white photographs Historic buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg Public buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg Architecture, Domestic - Virginia - Williamsburg Architecture, Colonial - Virginia - Williamsburg Description An account of the resource Frank Reginald Nivison served as a contract photographer for Colonial Williamsburg during the initial restoration of the town between 1930 and 1935. Prior to this, he served as a darkroom assistant at the University Film Foundation at Harvard University. He was hired by the Williamsburg Holding Corp. to take progress photos of construction and restoration work, as well as of buildings to be wrecked or moved. According to a memo issued by architect William G. Perry to Frank Nivison on December 12, 1930, his work was to “…include the photography of all buildings and parts of buildings, exterior and interior, which the architects deem necessary for architectural and historical purposes. Such photographs would be supplemented by progress photographs of construction work as it proceeds. All buildings to be wrecked should be photographed before the wrecking takes place. In addition, there will be photographs of furniture, fabrics, and objects of all kinds.” Nivison set up a small photographic studio in a room in the Bruton Parish House. His equipment included a Zeiss camera, 5x7 inch, with a F 4.5 lens and a special magazine for cut films, along with a Mitchell tripod with a ball and socket head. His darkroom equipment consisted of an Eastman Auto-focus Enlarger, printing machines, and various accessories such as tanks and scales. Over the course of five years, he took more than 7,000 photographs documenting each stage of the restoration or reconstruction of various 18th-century buildings in Williamsburg. Copies of these photographs were forwarded to the offices of Perry, Shaw, & Hepburn in Boston so that the architects could monitor the progress of various projects. Nivison’s photographs were also used to produce postcards, “before and after” lantern slides, and publicity relating to the restoration of Williamsburg. By late 1935, Nivison had started taking on a lot of outside photography business and Colonial Williamsburg officials felt he should establish himself as an independent photographer. Nivison’s employment with Colonial Williamsburg terminated on July 1, 1935. However, Colonial Williamsburg continued to utilize his services on an as needed basis and assisted him in setting up his own business in Williamsburg. Unfortunately, Nivison did not attract enough outside commissions to enable him to operate independently and filed for bankruptcy in 1937. He applied to Colonial Williamsburg for a monthly retainer fee for his periodic services and was given $100.00 per month to draw upon in 1938. With the advent of World War II, Nivison moved back to Massachusetts in 1940. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Gelatin silver print Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image. 8 x 10 inches Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Subject The topic of the resource Central business districts - Virginia - Williamsburg Banks - Virginia - Williamsburg Stores, Retail - Virginia - Williamsburg Church architecture - Virginia - Williamsburg Automobile service stations - Virginia - Williamsburg Lost architecture - Virginia - Williamsburg Description An account of the resource Copy photograph of view looking south across Courthouse Green towards Williamsburg’s main business district, including, left to right, Peninsula Garage, Peninsula Bank, Williamsburg Methodist Church, First National Bank & Trust Co. and Brooks Real Estate, and Williamsburg Drug Company, originally photographed by Clyde Holmes Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Nivison, Frank Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Circa 1926 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Frank Nivison Photograph Collection Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Extent The size or duration of the resource. 1 photograph Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context N4525. See also H001. Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. Title A name given to the resource Business Block on Courthouse Green Courthouse Green Frank Nivison Peninsula Bank Peninsula Garage Virginia Williamsburg Williamsburg Drug Company Williamsburg Methodist Church https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/3854/archive/files/8b7384f05e3d9bc9f3f5207b789a3fdf.jpg?Expires=1773878400&Signature=AsK5QyfpkrYsd7jvzgy681NAOK4QBloifzzdoxc3T71L4XwRZyxy4NsZF98p6G1D1Sl1WT%7Eg1rR81e7XJs2UirPJq0QGnfwNU7Dq-vEfU0qSVRwryuOEIDUjCnvk0PLaHOwHOPBJ2SQcv9SIZyokGJZdwdHfxP1lt-m3An%7E-x9wvloJjC%7Ee7b0GTSIZXFb194f7Uv4VS8jZyeIULVn6r3IO7Bf4f3xtmMz-t4hUttpwypZIEtotUIRF1rcG0nbFvpynkliWe2mqn17GQ4su2kUm6lmI40VQ0i3NOCjy0bK6CCPgaf5QAHPk-R7DDW2ryedZXGVI5ZAm6rMT2c842TA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 5a8f82ffbb1a70d0684a3a4e559ed6e6 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Corrine Montague Mustin Murray Cyanotype Collection Subject The topic of the resource Cyanotypes Williamsburg (Va.) - Photographs Williamsburg (Va.) - Buildings, structures, etc. Richmond (Va.) - Photographs Description An account of the resource Cyanotypes are a distinctive photographic process characterized by a Prussian blue hue that date back to 1842, when Sir John Herschel perfected this method of easily producing a reproduction using plain paper. A piece of paper coated with a light sensitive combination of iron salt, ammonium ferric citrate, and potassium ferricyanide, when exposed to light, turned blue. When a photographer placed a negative on top of the paper and placed it in the light, a positive image would appear on the paper and this image would be fixed through a wash to create a cyan image on a white background. Cyanotypes did not become a common photographic medium until the period between the late 1880s-1920 and tended to be used more often for landscape and architectural views since the bright uniform blue hue did not appeal to many as a format for portraits. Architectural blueprints are created using a similar process where ferric ammonium citrate is used to sensitize the paper and then it is exposed to light and put through a wash to create a design consisting of white lines exposed on a Prussian blue background. The Rockefeller Library holds several collections with examples of the cyanotype medium during its widespread use in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. These offer a glimpse into Williamsburg just prior to the launch of several projects to save historic properties around the town. The Corrine Montague Mustin Murray Cyanotype Collection, AV2012.9, consists entirely of cyanotypes depicting views of Williamsburg, Richmond, and the James River. Dating to circa 1903, they depict many of the historic structures still extant in Williamsburg, as well as the Market Square/Courthouse Green area and Capitol area before many early twentieth-century businesses and residences were erected. Bruton Parish Church welcomed Dr. W.A.R. Goodwin as rector in 1903 and he led a campaign for funds to help restore the church to its eighteenth-century appearance. During this period, town residents also started to organize through such groups as the Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities, co-founded in 1889 by Cynthia Beverley Tucker Coleman and Mary Jeffrey Galt, to rescue and preserve other deteriorating structures and to begin some early excavation activities, such as uncovering and capping the foundations of the Capitol in 1904. The thirty-five cyanotypes comprising this collection consist of landscape scenes and structures in Williamsburg, Richmond, and along the James River, Virginia collected by Corrine Montague Mustin Murray. Extent The size or duration of the resource. 35 cyanotypes Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Unknown Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Circa 1903 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Cyanotype Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Peyton Randolph House Subject The topic of the resource Peyton Randolph House (Williamsburg, Va.) Architecture, Domestic - Virginia - Williamsburg Historic buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg Block 28. Building 06. Description An account of the resource Pre-restoration view of the south elevation of the Peyton Randolph House from Courthouse Green, Williamsburg, Virginia Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Unknown Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Circa 1903 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Corrine Montague Mustin Murray Cyanotype Collection, AV2012.9 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Extent The size or duration of the resource. 1 photograph Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Mus-015 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Balconies Clapboard Siding Courthouse Green Fences Peyton Randolph House Porches Pre-Restoration Shutters Virginia Williamsburg https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/3854/archive/files/16872ae077110100221ecf759e8edf20.jpg?Expires=1773878400&Signature=v08NQPXqxTZD-hJVNYUuDl-T5FQisYvKF2odOiEvwKntSDxvuzcAneYVw0l2VTLI1rd26-8UE3pjQmzd5ojsqu5BGkMQx2fULbyIabsd0M12JzxrS6tR5As6m7Ji1IzHVv22xbwoTLquzwlsgDNwBNhqrEFSHZabwOcVNQfptPj7Om3sIXTG%7Ekd7w%7ECQbXlmnZxngIDCVGCHgZYqOcmv4TDvHNXvACmQNAU20gjnaZINd%7EdYlBFIcQofIh%7EIvnwJ9Ehc7Erb9g16Nt97Vhl5vCnUGBn4ag64qZfjs5nMyx1H07PLkdsPy74faVHPlc%7ESEhOpozJdhs6igcrX%7EmJuiQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 92d2e8cb6c65aa406de69c8d68639d56 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Corrine Montague Mustin Murray Cyanotype Collection Subject The topic of the resource Cyanotypes Williamsburg (Va.) - Photographs Williamsburg (Va.) - Buildings, structures, etc. Richmond (Va.) - Photographs Description An account of the resource Cyanotypes are a distinctive photographic process characterized by a Prussian blue hue that date back to 1842, when Sir John Herschel perfected this method of easily producing a reproduction using plain paper. A piece of paper coated with a light sensitive combination of iron salt, ammonium ferric citrate, and potassium ferricyanide, when exposed to light, turned blue. When a photographer placed a negative on top of the paper and placed it in the light, a positive image would appear on the paper and this image would be fixed through a wash to create a cyan image on a white background. Cyanotypes did not become a common photographic medium until the period between the late 1880s-1920 and tended to be used more often for landscape and architectural views since the bright uniform blue hue did not appeal to many as a format for portraits. Architectural blueprints are created using a similar process where ferric ammonium citrate is used to sensitize the paper and then it is exposed to light and put through a wash to create a design consisting of white lines exposed on a Prussian blue background. The Rockefeller Library holds several collections with examples of the cyanotype medium during its widespread use in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. These offer a glimpse into Williamsburg just prior to the launch of several projects to save historic properties around the town. The Corrine Montague Mustin Murray Cyanotype Collection, AV2012.9, consists entirely of cyanotypes depicting views of Williamsburg, Richmond, and the James River. Dating to circa 1903, they depict many of the historic structures still extant in Williamsburg, as well as the Market Square/Courthouse Green area and Capitol area before many early twentieth-century businesses and residences were erected. Bruton Parish Church welcomed Dr. W.A.R. Goodwin as rector in 1903 and he led a campaign for funds to help restore the church to its eighteenth-century appearance. During this period, town residents also started to organize through such groups as the Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities, co-founded in 1889 by Cynthia Beverley Tucker Coleman and Mary Jeffrey Galt, to rescue and preserve other deteriorating structures and to begin some early excavation activities, such as uncovering and capping the foundations of the Capitol in 1904. The thirty-five cyanotypes comprising this collection consist of landscape scenes and structures in Williamsburg, Richmond, and along the James River, Virginia collected by Corrine Montague Mustin Murray. Extent The size or duration of the resource. 35 cyanotypes Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Unknown Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Circa 1903 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Cyanotype Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Courthouse Green Subject The topic of the resource Courthouse (Williamsburg, Va.) Public buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg Historic buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg Market Square Tavern (Williamsburg, Va.) Hotels - Virginia - Williamsburg Description An account of the resource View looking across Courthouse Green towards rear elevation of Courthouse, east side of Colonial Hotel, and front elevation of Market Square Tavern, Williamsburg, Virginia Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Unknown Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Circa 1903 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Corrine Montague Mustin Murray Cyanotype Collection, AV2012.9 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Extent The size or duration of the resource. 1 photograph Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Mus-002 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Colonial Hotel Courthouse Green Courthouse of 1770 Cows Market Square Tavern Virginia Williamsburg https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/3854/archive/files/8aef36a9d88601fb4500d595aec747fb.jpg?Expires=1773878400&Signature=JKL-cLjJjq8RfdEBYXeFHXDOFRxBEvYNL6aerohgeFBn9hA6m061zjz-RYlrCX9uLNHOUZk36iuPTXecT6NRMlHn5St8LehQ8wtLYNEz63vrgK8FejWuYyfi-bwdqr%7Een7I3P89mPFchwep8OrZqMEdbT5VjIgGuH-%7E4LHKXrxUT5m7vKJHjzsoMUTJYjlwvnLcuIQgMKzJFOk4zycV8AkgUsYOYLkghO0rkWaMGKHiIBudKTtYCCCfBOVOjVQ4XI9V-QsNU0nImBwaHeBrB1doFvZqH0FhU79hg9lKnCyKFikxXQJgFZrVoij2ZJe%7Ee7rd%7EKWbINfNCdVegO0hyPQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 778d6ed5b9d1527c1f98faea4c02b003 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Thomas Layton Photograph Collection Subject The topic of the resource Layton, Thomas Williamsburg (Va.) - Photographs Williamsburg (Va.) - Buildings, structures, etc. Description An account of the resource A series of eight hundred progress photographs taken by Thomas Layton, a contract photographer for the Williamsburg Restoration between 1928-1930, to document the first phase of work. Layton operated a photo studio at 507 E. Broad Street in Richmond, Virginia. The Williamsburg office of architects Perry, Shaw & Hepburn hired him in 1928 to take record photographs at different sites and to make copy photographs from historical publications and nineteenth-century images that would aid their research. The subject matter of the collection focuses upon restoration or reconstruction work taking place in Blocks 13, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 and 21, with the greatest number focusing upon the architectural investigations and preservation work at the Wren Building, College of William & Mary. A smaller segment of the collection encompasses general Williamsburg scenes and structures in the mid-Atlantic region studied by the team as architectural precedents for the work being undertaken in Williamsburg. Colonial Williamsburg's Audiovisual Department produced master file prints from all of the negatives in the Layton Collection in the 1950s. By the early 1960s, a group of over three hundred nitrate negatives began showing signs of deterioration and were disposed of. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Layton, Thomas Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Extent The size or duration of the resource. 800 photographs Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Gelatin silver print Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image. 8 x 10 inches Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Courthouse of 1770 Subject The topic of the resource Block 19. Building 03. Courthouse (Williamsburg, Va.) Public buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg Historic buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg Description An account of the resource Pre-restoration view of residents congregating outside the Courthouse of 1770, Duke of Gloucester Street, Williamsburg, Virginia Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Layton, Thomas Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Thomas Layton Photograph Collection Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Extent The size or duration of the resource. 1 photograph Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context L-296 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Late nineteenth-century Brickwork Chimneys Cornices Courthouse Green Courthouse of 1770 Cupolas Duke of Gloucester Street Pediments Pre-Restoration Round-headed Windows Thomas Layton Virginia Williamsburg https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/3854/archive/files/e5764ebf5037fe50fd38d9002dee4dae.jpg?Expires=1773878400&Signature=gwkEQNOvKZcGcIUa0eabwU5%7Ei%7E%7EvFq%7E5-lK1hYeh6lshU3Xm6n4RPeYZ6KOf0QAfUjt-Ltk-UmN9lrGGi6Ouj5qlzMrID6htbRYr1aLw6UTVzVrnwggQHYw-lQDL%7EmKU3AUsVg6EjJTZ0583u3YE1wOkZ9y61Wx-OxIhQzZ1Qo9c-gvAHOTEgLnDqZk318I2YcLsnivGfgRxC2kY9ZsjPpl5m8qVpy72wYfOUCOgdHmfTznUprVHDHoZegiI19hRPedmUIrtuOfbFLI5EBXMzNbxtu-DKlmkZQToOA%7EC1M2Y88Bk%7EdOZBFNF8%7Es%7Erj4EZglG2Vi8q1NyizbM7xWHmA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 946ebf62df55a8d92b7f0e3823da2735 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Armistead Family Scrapbook Description An account of the resource This small sixteen page booklet composed of blue paper pages tied together with a red ribbon is example of an album of pre-restoration era photos compiled by a Williamsburg resident as a keepsake. Julia Champion Armistead is thought to be its creator since her name is inscribed on the final page. Her family lived in what is today known as the Robert T. Armistead House, a private residence located west of Bruton Parish Church on Duke of Gloucester Street. Julia’s focus is upon the structures in Williamsburg and neighboring Jamestown Island with historical associations. She pairs photographs with brief handwritten text describing the significance of each site. Thought to date to the early 1900s, the album reflects the growing interest of Williamsburg residents in their town’s eighteenth-century history. Gift of the National Trust for Historic Preservation after being discovered in a house in Absecon, New Jersey. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Armistead, Julia Champion Subject The topic of the resource Scrapbooks Historic buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg Williamsburg (Va.) - Photographs Williamsburg (Va.) - Buildings, structures, etc. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Circa 1910 Extent The size or duration of the resource. 16 pages Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Courthouse Subject The topic of the resource Courthouse (Williamsburg, Va.) Block 19. Building 03. Public buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg Historic buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg Description An account of the resource Inscribed "Court House built in 1708." Page contains pre-restoration photograph of front elevation of Courthouse, Williamsburg, Virginia Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Armistead, Julia Champion Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Circa 1910 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Armistead Family Scrapbook, AV2001.5 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context AV2001-05-P5 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Courthouse Courthouse Green Pre-Restoration Street Scenes Virginia Williamsburg https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/3854/archive/files/2e2023717e8f2e612fb5c3d15aed2940.jpg?Expires=1773878400&Signature=rs4p6msIPNgUzFyGOXKINYz0BNymnYa4xlpaUDcTVmJCcOj19HQDDs65e%7EyJaagqqm897KpYSaqjfrXnxfbMEtePmO-8RE59tS4oUwvfBMmzBHITr-sAxocemiujEB0wU9-wZSWIb3XxmTo5mTXiFREQ5%7EsIsZSDHblAeHzrNL63iVWJWdzLr67crXW8ERj6Ifp%7Ek2ljy1H4VVN-S9Yl4HLk4kWJnP-2JnGTlhIICAb-4BC6Bd-2pVK9PJEvGup4k7He9LgfdUNHPRBIrA4Tj55vINBKOSuTR2vzuE7ZZRw7XG6r3T1W3A5gOi0I0fk5sk-R4X5L2ZBDXvXjt%7EP3cw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 83406dbefff82cd534d543773af03752 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Highlights of the Susan Higginson Nash Photograph Collection Subject The topic of the resource Nash, Susan Higginson Williamsburg (Va.)--History Architecture, Colonial - Virginia Documentary photography - Virginia Architectural photographs - 1930-1940 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Nash, Susan Higginson Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Description An account of the resource Susan Higginson Nash was born in Brookline, Massachusetts on August 8, 1893 and died in Boston on July 25, 1971. She served as a consultant on antiques and interior decoration in association with the Boston architectural firm of Perry, Shaw, & Hepburn, chosen to carry out the early work on Williamsburg's restoration. Later a member of the American Institute of Decorators, she was a friend of architect William G. Perry with whom she first visited Williamsburg in 1923. During field trips to Virginia sites, she met the popular Richmond novelist Ellen Glasgow, who advised her: "If you do any work at Williamsburg, make it perceptible." Mrs. Nash felt this was a wonderful phrase and quoted it often, evidently taking it to mean that the work should be subtly and sympathetically done. Most of the photos in the Susan Higginson Nash Photograph Collection date to the early 1930s, when steps to be taken in the physical restoration of the colonial capital were still under study. Sites include many of the important extant eighteenth-century houses in the Tidewater region of Virginia, such as Shirley, Westover, Mt. Airy, Sabine Hall and Marmion. Excursions to such sites were made to help in determining proper precedents for the work to be carried out in Williamsburg's Historic Area. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Early 1930s Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Gelatin silver print Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image. 3.25 x 4.25 inches Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Roscow Cole House Subject The topic of the resource Block 19. Building 13. Roscow Cole House (Williamsburg, Va.) Architecture, Domestic - Virginia - Williamsburg Historic buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg Description An account of the resource Pre-restoration view of the Roscow Cole House, located at the corner of Courthouse Green and Duke of Gloucester Street, Williamsburg, Virginia Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Nash, Susan Higginson Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Circa 1929-1934 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Susan Higginson Nash Photograph Collection, AV2009.35 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Extent The size or duration of the resource. 1 photograph Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Na1070 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Automobiles Balconies Columns Courthouse Green Duke of Gloucester Street Porches Pre-Restoration Roscow Cole House Shutters Street Scenes Susan Higginson Nash Virginia Williamsburg https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/3854/archive/files/3c7fc2922a04257e44a7ac05c73cb4b3.jpg?Expires=1773878400&Signature=VZRZKA04tGQx0%7E5QxhLhQtboHsJAR6JSmaKVufRoViNBXxg06-e5WgjHOG8ceMjJ7b%7Eiw7G31UEwvMutm8tpIuIffdN6ter5iprOeUKTzchRFgbCPtx3OMtQl%7E9eIsy3Upx19btSoyuCe6YU3pObykZO05%7EbAW2AtDLU1ahLeASWj1cixkvviDEVUwl8F6F9v--HGwHIFm5%7E6y8yEo-AiZ%7EImJSTVLZ3B62NShqeq5J%7EiymGnsUI9lGXRL7j5FF3W5MMdjlapykdn9uHCBYOVHKQmR1fDcV7TYYfH3D6oVKUfN-wYVFiWpBNf7YXDSs8IAKuA8N1NJ%7E3FUJlnkzDxA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM fc38a2488c806e93d2a29fb7e56e0b15 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Selections from the Frank Nivison Photograph Collection Subject The topic of the resource Nivison, Frank Black and white photographs Historic buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg Public buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg Architecture, Domestic - Virginia - Williamsburg Architecture, Colonial - Virginia - Williamsburg Description An account of the resource Frank Reginald Nivison served as a contract photographer for Colonial Williamsburg during the initial restoration of the town between 1930 and 1935. Prior to this, he served as a darkroom assistant at the University Film Foundation at Harvard University. He was hired by the Williamsburg Holding Corp. to take progress photos of construction and restoration work, as well as of buildings to be wrecked or moved. According to a memo issued by architect William G. Perry to Frank Nivison on December 12, 1930, his work was to “…include the photography of all buildings and parts of buildings, exterior and interior, which the architects deem necessary for architectural and historical purposes. Such photographs would be supplemented by progress photographs of construction work as it proceeds. All buildings to be wrecked should be photographed before the wrecking takes place. In addition, there will be photographs of furniture, fabrics, and objects of all kinds.” Nivison set up a small photographic studio in a room in the Bruton Parish House. His equipment included a Zeiss camera, 5x7 inch, with a F 4.5 lens and a special magazine for cut films, along with a Mitchell tripod with a ball and socket head. His darkroom equipment consisted of an Eastman Auto-focus Enlarger, printing machines, and various accessories such as tanks and scales. Over the course of five years, he took more than 7,000 photographs documenting each stage of the restoration or reconstruction of various 18th-century buildings in Williamsburg. Copies of these photographs were forwarded to the offices of Perry, Shaw, & Hepburn in Boston so that the architects could monitor the progress of various projects. Nivison’s photographs were also used to produce postcards, “before and after” lantern slides, and publicity relating to the restoration of Williamsburg. By late 1935, Nivison had started taking on a lot of outside photography business and Colonial Williamsburg officials felt he should establish himself as an independent photographer. Nivison’s employment with Colonial Williamsburg terminated on July 1, 1935. However, Colonial Williamsburg continued to utilize his services on an as needed basis and assisted him in setting up his own business in Williamsburg. Unfortunately, Nivison did not attract enough outside commissions to enable him to operate independently and filed for bankruptcy in 1937. He applied to Colonial Williamsburg for a monthly retainer fee for his periodic services and was given $100.00 per month to draw upon in 1938. With the advent of World War II, Nivison moved back to Massachusetts in 1940. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Gelatin silver print Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image. 8 x 10 inches Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Grissell-Hay Lodging House Subject The topic of the resource Block 29. Building 01. Architecture, Domestic - Virginia - Williamsburg Historic buildings - Virginia - Williamssburg Grissell-Hay Lodging House (Williamsburg, Va.) Description An account of the resource Pre-restoration view of the front elevation of the Grissell-Hay Lodging House, formerly known as the Van Garrett House, located on Nicholson Street facing the Courthouse Green in Williamsburg, Virginia, circa 1930s. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Nivison, Frank Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Circa 1930s Date Created Date of creation of the resource. Circa 1930s Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Frank Nivison Photograph Collection Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context N679 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Clapboard Siding Columns Cornices Courthouse Green Dentils Fences Frank Nivison Grissel Hay Lodging House Nicholson Street Pediments Porches Pre-Restoration Shutters Van Garrett House Virginia Williamsburg https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/3854/archive/files/720c8460a37109a88b4d9254b28bb970.jpg?Expires=1773878400&Signature=BpKsMF5HewFX2aq1DE3szzRjr%7EouqHBn6p6MCKJag8AANLkhIISEpaugG%7EGW-ks-gwv0Wi24HqD5BuktzVDOmlGVoltSNfAkfqU3BUo02bmil7QHN6O4dwjeYMJeap32CwviySY3yuJkE7%7E8lvIyGzIOlkqz3isMztUtQCE7p1iBlf0jYOZjyiRf8YsxRqHVOU09hUM2u5gtS27nP9P9xrE8EF3%7ETGYlfHOTgFyGiGcbc7ANApPRNzpIQxbnLHzL3iQ8oSHY99o0nAZgx8S%7Edx5xOMJQ-Mol3XWxkW65Y8g-3ZgT5Wl00KbSVV3XIgi4hsG3LpcE%7EH1p4ghogJh26g__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 077903b452a1e767b1ed01aa2ce38b64 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Selections from the Frank Nivison Photograph Collection Subject The topic of the resource Nivison, Frank Black and white photographs Historic buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg Public buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg Architecture, Domestic - Virginia - Williamsburg Architecture, Colonial - Virginia - Williamsburg Description An account of the resource Frank Reginald Nivison served as a contract photographer for Colonial Williamsburg during the initial restoration of the town between 1930 and 1935. Prior to this, he served as a darkroom assistant at the University Film Foundation at Harvard University. He was hired by the Williamsburg Holding Corp. to take progress photos of construction and restoration work, as well as of buildings to be wrecked or moved. According to a memo issued by architect William G. Perry to Frank Nivison on December 12, 1930, his work was to “…include the photography of all buildings and parts of buildings, exterior and interior, which the architects deem necessary for architectural and historical purposes. Such photographs would be supplemented by progress photographs of construction work as it proceeds. All buildings to be wrecked should be photographed before the wrecking takes place. In addition, there will be photographs of furniture, fabrics, and objects of all kinds.” Nivison set up a small photographic studio in a room in the Bruton Parish House. His equipment included a Zeiss camera, 5x7 inch, with a F 4.5 lens and a special magazine for cut films, along with a Mitchell tripod with a ball and socket head. His darkroom equipment consisted of an Eastman Auto-focus Enlarger, printing machines, and various accessories such as tanks and scales. Over the course of five years, he took more than 7,000 photographs documenting each stage of the restoration or reconstruction of various 18th-century buildings in Williamsburg. Copies of these photographs were forwarded to the offices of Perry, Shaw, & Hepburn in Boston so that the architects could monitor the progress of various projects. Nivison’s photographs were also used to produce postcards, “before and after” lantern slides, and publicity relating to the restoration of Williamsburg. By late 1935, Nivison had started taking on a lot of outside photography business and Colonial Williamsburg officials felt he should establish himself as an independent photographer. Nivison’s employment with Colonial Williamsburg terminated on July 1, 1935. However, Colonial Williamsburg continued to utilize his services on an as needed basis and assisted him in setting up his own business in Williamsburg. Unfortunately, Nivison did not attract enough outside commissions to enable him to operate independently and filed for bankruptcy in 1937. He applied to Colonial Williamsburg for a monthly retainer fee for his periodic services and was given $100.00 per month to draw upon in 1938. With the advent of World War II, Nivison moved back to Massachusetts in 1940. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Gelatin silver print Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image. 8 x 10 inches Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource B.D. Peachy House Subject The topic of the resource Block 19. Building 17. Architecture, Domestic - Virginia - Williamsburg Historic buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg Description An account of the resource View of the front elevation of the B.D. Peachy House located on Courthouse Green in Williamsburg, Virginia, circa 1928. The house was later relocated in the 1930s as part of the restoration of Courthouse Green to its eighteenth-century appearance. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Nivison, Frank Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Circa 1928 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. Circa 1928 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Frank Nivison Photograph Collection Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context N580 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation B. D. Peachy House Chimneys Clapboard Siding Columns Courthouse Green Frank Nivison Pediments Porches Pre-Restoration Shutters Virginia Williamsburg https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/3854/archive/files/3c366c99eee8275030e14f9b26decd91.jpg?Expires=1773878400&Signature=vOArXsFdwzDCdd9SZ4Te1ysf43qp6NB8wne1bs7U0FhDO5ISxpIf3dVIZgVfeZw4-xng9Un3l6DD5PLdMRG1XX6qIhypIq7gPRPO9XNy5PRVnv2s9ozGZIfm0T96NV9PAWsK6SSJcZn4Ois%7EeFSIoZJVCjmzIVeBSiZgTQKMI3SQsVwas7J0nL1z-x6PCj8hvNsGLcmEHK55eVX9evimAeAsYeeygihfbXmiZAuuKcdSfy6Si8%7EO6NS%7EwJi90qp89l6o9pKpSOXXbYHJjYvreKgAOwoqLQ-rxmYeZWCNZCg79Uj0LiAcp4SsRxF%7EzbCzyHjwsLgOawcE7cnxATy%7EPw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 1f294e6f449f411e08128166c845b967 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Selections from the Frank Nivison Photograph Collection Subject The topic of the resource Nivison, Frank Black and white photographs Historic buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg Public buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg Architecture, Domestic - Virginia - Williamsburg Architecture, Colonial - Virginia - Williamsburg Description An account of the resource Frank Reginald Nivison served as a contract photographer for Colonial Williamsburg during the initial restoration of the town between 1930 and 1935. Prior to this, he served as a darkroom assistant at the University Film Foundation at Harvard University. He was hired by the Williamsburg Holding Corp. to take progress photos of construction and restoration work, as well as of buildings to be wrecked or moved. According to a memo issued by architect William G. Perry to Frank Nivison on December 12, 1930, his work was to “…include the photography of all buildings and parts of buildings, exterior and interior, which the architects deem necessary for architectural and historical purposes. Such photographs would be supplemented by progress photographs of construction work as it proceeds. All buildings to be wrecked should be photographed before the wrecking takes place. In addition, there will be photographs of furniture, fabrics, and objects of all kinds.” Nivison set up a small photographic studio in a room in the Bruton Parish House. His equipment included a Zeiss camera, 5x7 inch, with a F 4.5 lens and a special magazine for cut films, along with a Mitchell tripod with a ball and socket head. His darkroom equipment consisted of an Eastman Auto-focus Enlarger, printing machines, and various accessories such as tanks and scales. Over the course of five years, he took more than 7,000 photographs documenting each stage of the restoration or reconstruction of various 18th-century buildings in Williamsburg. Copies of these photographs were forwarded to the offices of Perry, Shaw, & Hepburn in Boston so that the architects could monitor the progress of various projects. Nivison’s photographs were also used to produce postcards, “before and after” lantern slides, and publicity relating to the restoration of Williamsburg. By late 1935, Nivison had started taking on a lot of outside photography business and Colonial Williamsburg officials felt he should establish himself as an independent photographer. Nivison’s employment with Colonial Williamsburg terminated on July 1, 1935. However, Colonial Williamsburg continued to utilize his services on an as needed basis and assisted him in setting up his own business in Williamsburg. Unfortunately, Nivison did not attract enough outside commissions to enable him to operate independently and filed for bankruptcy in 1937. He applied to Colonial Williamsburg for a monthly retainer fee for his periodic services and was given $100.00 per month to draw upon in 1938. With the advent of World War II, Nivison moved back to Massachusetts in 1940. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Gelatin silver print Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image. 8 x 10 inches Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Courthouse Green Before Restoration Subject The topic of the resource Block 19. Building 13. Roscow Cole House (Williamsburg, Va.) Architecture, Domestic - Virginia - Williamsburg Streets - Virginia - Williamsburg Description An account of the resource Pre-restoration view of the west end of Courthouse Green from the south, Williamsburg, Virginia, circa 1931. The residences visible in the background are, left to right, the Roscow Cole House and B.D. Peachy House. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Nivison, Frank Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Circa 1931 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. Circa 1931 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Frank Nivison Photograph Collection Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context N371 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation B. D. Peachy House Courthouse Green Duke of Gloucester Street Frank Nivison Pre-Restoration Roscow Cole House Street Scenes Virginia Williamsburg https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/3854/archive/files/88cd98db4da7fbb469a9d780a29e0565.jpg?Expires=1773878400&Signature=Moe1lqw%7EVqf44KaFFDF6Hr0UbR7PI9SP%7E9JPV5SQKp3oMblbrpSPTk%7E3F1CugYRlMZA4O6euhMpoTb0mvge86X2yt6BrLzsG%7EiYno0oG8lQkQPqfptDu52xBhlCdvh2u0JdeXWXNveJ7jOPQjyp5nyfNV%7Ep6czA9yoDjIlrUnnwxHEXGrBsXj9ksP59WDEfGOaE9yk34tLvrMj9N6aUJhdVbp3c5bn4qLK-xg3FzzhRhO6xOCcOBuFMr9ATAjbILpuS7boT2Wj2ztv8P82UC--947-j4u7UNWjL9NygvKPdF0JsNMWcOuheNFwSXc7PWvdUl0%7Ecp9ivzi6PZ5NTlyA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 4b6d4fb542fc026d424f8c2abcad9fd3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Selections from the Frank Nivison Photograph Collection Subject The topic of the resource Nivison, Frank Black and white photographs Historic buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg Public buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg Architecture, Domestic - Virginia - Williamsburg Architecture, Colonial - Virginia - Williamsburg Description An account of the resource Frank Reginald Nivison served as a contract photographer for Colonial Williamsburg during the initial restoration of the town between 1930 and 1935. Prior to this, he served as a darkroom assistant at the University Film Foundation at Harvard University. He was hired by the Williamsburg Holding Corp. to take progress photos of construction and restoration work, as well as of buildings to be wrecked or moved. According to a memo issued by architect William G. Perry to Frank Nivison on December 12, 1930, his work was to “…include the photography of all buildings and parts of buildings, exterior and interior, which the architects deem necessary for architectural and historical purposes. Such photographs would be supplemented by progress photographs of construction work as it proceeds. All buildings to be wrecked should be photographed before the wrecking takes place. In addition, there will be photographs of furniture, fabrics, and objects of all kinds.” Nivison set up a small photographic studio in a room in the Bruton Parish House. His equipment included a Zeiss camera, 5x7 inch, with a F 4.5 lens and a special magazine for cut films, along with a Mitchell tripod with a ball and socket head. His darkroom equipment consisted of an Eastman Auto-focus Enlarger, printing machines, and various accessories such as tanks and scales. Over the course of five years, he took more than 7,000 photographs documenting each stage of the restoration or reconstruction of various 18th-century buildings in Williamsburg. Copies of these photographs were forwarded to the offices of Perry, Shaw, & Hepburn in Boston so that the architects could monitor the progress of various projects. Nivison’s photographs were also used to produce postcards, “before and after” lantern slides, and publicity relating to the restoration of Williamsburg. By late 1935, Nivison had started taking on a lot of outside photography business and Colonial Williamsburg officials felt he should establish himself as an independent photographer. Nivison’s employment with Colonial Williamsburg terminated on July 1, 1935. However, Colonial Williamsburg continued to utilize his services on an as needed basis and assisted him in setting up his own business in Williamsburg. Unfortunately, Nivison did not attract enough outside commissions to enable him to operate independently and filed for bankruptcy in 1937. He applied to Colonial Williamsburg for a monthly retainer fee for his periodic services and was given $100.00 per month to draw upon in 1938. With the advent of World War II, Nivison moved back to Massachusetts in 1940. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Gelatin silver print Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image. 8 x 10 inches Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Courthouse Green and Colonial Hotel Subject The topic of the resource Historic buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg Colonial Hotel (Williamsburg, Va.) Hotels - Virginia - Williamsburg Lost architecture - Virginia - Williamsburg Nicholson School (Williamsburg, Va.) Description An account of the resource General view of the east end of Courthouse Green from the south in Williamsburg, Virginia, circa 1931. To the right is the Colonial Hotel, on the site of present-day Chownings Tavern. The Colonial Hotel became a Williamsburg Inn annex and was later demolished. In the background, Nicholson School, also known as Public School No.1, is visible. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Nivison, Frank Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Circa 1931 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. Circa 1931 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Frank Nivison Photograph Collection Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context N370 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Colonial Hotel Courthouse Green Frank Nivison Nicholson School Pre-Restoration Schools Street Scenes Virginia Williamsburg https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/3854/archive/files/050843746c11a3ba8e603ff7ef9df388.jpg?Expires=1773878400&Signature=lAV9h%7EMAQLbNtLdWZciyP%7EbMVuCgN3jP9jfP-908%7E2gn0HU-%7EDNqslHcgpR39xhKc01xXiPzQRrzTZi1iJhg-JqKxFDTtVcqUuI0Wq6ZPKDrZSiTnInls2FC7qC0OMJW2yBWxnEzuRoZNnB-XatAwaIOMkXRuyiDIs2zc2ujYgT3B5ZPcPDNiGPZZ3GmlRDw8i1kSwWW6Z2rslYV5IrNwWDNzC5KKeOsfjx1e6uVJ5hVcPsXCFac9y%7EeYvELvDGqURIxxaAc8Scjy%7El7oVuCObn6UjzfMgqw9cOd1SNpBkc4hr25vdnNyv-FqvOLX5VYu8xI2KjjT5A8%7EtKWLP%7E5DQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 198964768a10e298ee8653a9acead4fa Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Selections from the Frank Nivison Photograph Collection Subject The topic of the resource Nivison, Frank Black and white photographs Historic buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg Public buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg Architecture, Domestic - Virginia - Williamsburg Architecture, Colonial - Virginia - Williamsburg Description An account of the resource Frank Reginald Nivison served as a contract photographer for Colonial Williamsburg during the initial restoration of the town between 1930 and 1935. Prior to this, he served as a darkroom assistant at the University Film Foundation at Harvard University. He was hired by the Williamsburg Holding Corp. to take progress photos of construction and restoration work, as well as of buildings to be wrecked or moved. According to a memo issued by architect William G. Perry to Frank Nivison on December 12, 1930, his work was to “…include the photography of all buildings and parts of buildings, exterior and interior, which the architects deem necessary for architectural and historical purposes. Such photographs would be supplemented by progress photographs of construction work as it proceeds. All buildings to be wrecked should be photographed before the wrecking takes place. In addition, there will be photographs of furniture, fabrics, and objects of all kinds.” Nivison set up a small photographic studio in a room in the Bruton Parish House. His equipment included a Zeiss camera, 5x7 inch, with a F 4.5 lens and a special magazine for cut films, along with a Mitchell tripod with a ball and socket head. His darkroom equipment consisted of an Eastman Auto-focus Enlarger, printing machines, and various accessories such as tanks and scales. Over the course of five years, he took more than 7,000 photographs documenting each stage of the restoration or reconstruction of various 18th-century buildings in Williamsburg. Copies of these photographs were forwarded to the offices of Perry, Shaw, & Hepburn in Boston so that the architects could monitor the progress of various projects. Nivison’s photographs were also used to produce postcards, “before and after” lantern slides, and publicity relating to the restoration of Williamsburg. By late 1935, Nivison had started taking on a lot of outside photography business and Colonial Williamsburg officials felt he should establish himself as an independent photographer. Nivison’s employment with Colonial Williamsburg terminated on July 1, 1935. However, Colonial Williamsburg continued to utilize his services on an as needed basis and assisted him in setting up his own business in Williamsburg. Unfortunately, Nivison did not attract enough outside commissions to enable him to operate independently and filed for bankruptcy in 1937. He applied to Colonial Williamsburg for a monthly retainer fee for his periodic services and was given $100.00 per month to draw upon in 1938. With the advent of World War II, Nivison moved back to Massachusetts in 1940. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Gelatin silver print Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image. 8 x 10 inches Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Blacknell House Description An account of the resource View of the southeast elevation of the Peachy property, formerly the known as the Blacknell House, being torn down, Williamsburg, Virginia, circa 1930s. This property once faced the Courthouse Green. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Nivison, Frank Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Circa 1930s Date Created Date of creation of the resource. Circa 1930s Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Frank Nivison Photograph Collection Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context N204 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collection, John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Subject The topic of the resource Block 19 Lost architecture - Virginia - Williamsburg Historic buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg Blacknell House (Williamsburg, Va.) Blacknell House Courthouse Green Demolition Frank Nivison Lost Architecture Peachy House Virginia Williamsburg https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/3854/archive/files/db865607dcaad4a1ef132d11e2f03ec9.jpg?Expires=1773878400&Signature=AjM3mQOmBgTaTBZvjf%7Eo9c311lshrHIhHmsHYf1jX73Vw1vLtfqDnrQpP6fc0ZcE%7ENeDIJYXyPkYNQshGpOutIsseTVhqAbbA0MqW-ahoWGgqUSj1UihrxhLo9kWZXTN5XvpeiElEiIkY1UPZQRpbyp17BKTD1PxMO31BoEIcKtAAboM4me-RxqGe8HOzz3VfSSjW3ilXmIi3-PoX6JsUgb1s%7E8M1UXJagFu9Un5bSRYO7FnOjjm5VKX8o3ZKC2m1g6CG2j%7EGhbJKoRrkgzqM%7E1%7Eq3gA18f9DT00epf3euyQPlX-zoekybfalO3OXlAfmDriSgQSiJtf14JdHqj-6Q__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM eb6227f2cf4b36fd1fab771f6dd732c8 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Selections from the Clyde Holmes Photograph Collection Subject The topic of the resource Historic buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg Public buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg Architecture, Domestic - Virginia - Williamsburg Black and white photographs Holmes, Clyde E., 1902-1977 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Holmes, Clyde Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Circa 1928-1932 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Description An account of the resource “Since 1924, a young man in Williamsburg, Mr. Clyde Holmes, has been collecting newspaper clippings and taking photographs in connection with the Restoration. This man has apparently all the newspaper write-ups that appeared in the local papers touching the Restoration from the time Dr. Goodwin first attempted to have someone buy the town in 1924; he also has from two to three thousand photographs he has taken of the various buildings and streets in Williamsburg before and after the Restoration began.” Letter, Vernon Geddy to Perry, Shaw & Hepburn, July 29, 1930, Colonial Williamsburg Corporate Archives The Clyde Holmes Photograph Collection originated with Clyde Holmes, a long-term Williamsburg resident with a passion for history. His employment at the Imperial Theater on Duke of Gloucester Street helped to develop his interest in film and photography. As noted in the quote above, Holmes drew inspiration from the early efforts of Dr. W.A.R. Goodwin, rector of Bruton Parish Church, to convince both townspeople and wealthy philanthropists to support preservation of dilapidated structures with ties to the days when Williamsburg was a bustling colonial capital. Goodwin first approached Henry Ford in 1924 with the idea of funding preservation of certain Williamsburg buildings. Undaunted by Ford’s refusal, Goodwin pitched his ideas to John D. Rockefeller, Jr., who agreed to finance restoration of the colonial segment of Williamsburg in 1927. He authorized hiring Perry, Shaw, & Hepburn, a Boston architectural firm, to begin drafting preliminary plans. Once approved, the firm assembled a team of architects and draftsmen who started what local residents jokingly termed a second “Yankee invasion” in the late 1920s as they arrived in the area to study and measure existing buildings, uncover buried foundations, and conduct fieldwork at other colonial sites in the region. After his photographic efforts came to the attention of this team, Todd & Brown, the firm hired to oversee much of the construction work connected with the Restoration, encouraged Holmes by asking him to assist them with taking “before” photos of various sites. He also took a few to document early progress with archaeological and architectural investigations. While lacking the superior quality of contract photographers hired to aid the team, his amateur photos were recognized early on as having significant value as a working archive of the town’s pre-restoration appearance. Clyde Holmes cooperated with and supported the restoration effort by turning over his collection of clippings and photographs in 1933. Dating from ca. 1924-1933, his photos capture the birth of the idea of Williamsburg as a tourist destination. Automobiles, a hotel, a souvenir shop, and Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities sites all attest to growing activity in the town as it stood on the brink of transformation into a laboratory for one of the nation’s earliest historic preservation campaigns. Examples of lost architecture that was either soon to be moved or torn down to make way for reconstruction of colonial buildings are also well represented in the collection. Holmes donated his photos in a bound fire insurance volume. Adhered to the pages with glue, the photos have since been removed for optimal preservation but still await further conservation treatment to remove residual paper backings. Quite a few of the Holmes images were copied by restoration contract photographers and mounted on linen for insertion into albums used on a daily basis by the architectural team. The visible stains, tears, and creases bear witness to the role this group of photos played in providing visual evidence that guided restoration and reconstruction work. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Gelatin silver print Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image. 5 x 7 inches Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource View Looking North from Market Square Subject The topic of the resource Historic buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg St. George Tucker House (Williamsburg, Va.) Grissell-Hay Lodging House (Williamsburg, Va.) Peyton Randolph House (Williamsburg, Va.) Architecture, Domestic - Virginia - Williamsburg Description An account of the resource Pre-restoraton view from Market Square looking north across Courthouse Green, left to right: St. George Tucker House, Grissell Hay Lodging House, and Peyton Randolph House, Williamsburg, Virginia, circa 1928. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Holmes, Clyde Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Circa 1928 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. Circa 1928 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Clyde Holmes Photograph Collection, AV2009.25, Box 1, Folder 4, Sheet 64 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context H153 Print Hol-251 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Clyde Holmes Courthouse Green Grissell Hay Lodging House Market Square Peyton Randolph House Pre-Restoration St. George Tucker House Virginia Williamsburg