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&#13;
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&#13;
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&#13;
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                  <text>Arthur A. Shurcliff [ne Shurtleff] (1870 – 1957) was the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation’s first landscape architect. A student of Frederick Law Olmsted, Sr., considered the father of landscape architecture in America, Shurcliff’s Williamsburg gardens are recognized as consummate examples of the Colonial Revival style.&#13;
&#13;
Arthur Shurcliff arrived in Williamsburg in 1928 to join the Williamsburg office of architects Perry, Shaw and Hepburn. A graduate of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Shurcliff worked in the office of well-known landscape architects, Charles W. Eliot and Frederick Law Olmsted Sr. in Brookline, Massachusetts between 1896-1905. He then opened his own landscape design practice and received commissions for many landscape projects in Boston, such as the grounds of the Boston Museum of Fine Arts, the Charles River Esplanade, and the Franklin Park Zoo. Between 1928 and 1941, Shurcliff oversaw the planning and layout of gardens at Colonial Williamsburg, as well as of traffic patterns, parking, and street curb design, and continued to advise in a consultant capacity until just before his death in 1957. &#13;
&#13;
Shurcliff’s series of pencil sketches on tissue paper are conceptual views, many from a bird’s-eye perspective, that he and his associates designed to serve as illustrations for discussions about how guests would access the overall Historic Area, as well as specific gardens, and navigate through them. Some also offer ground level views of vistas and landscape features to show the strengths and weaknesses of several variations for a particular design concept. &#13;
&#13;
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                  <text>Founded in 1736 by William Parks, the Virginia Gazette served as a critical instrument of communication in colonial Virginia throughout the eighteenth-century.  It ceased publication in the early 1800s and then underwent a series of short periods of reintroduction throughout the remainder of the nineteenth-century. The Special Collections Department of the Rockefeller Library is fortunate to hold numerous original eighteenth-century issues of the Virginia Gazette, many of which are mounted online for research access: https://cwfjdrlsc.omeka.net/collections/show/5.  In addition to this fascinating resource for studying many aspects of eighteenth-century Williamsburg,  the library’s visual archives also holds a photograph collection relating to the revival of the Virginia Gazette in the early twentieth-century by the Osborne family, the Osborne Family Photos, AV1998.19.&#13;
&#13;
Dr. W.A.R. Goodwin invited newspaper publisher Joseph A. Osborne Sr. to relocate to Williamsburg to lead the effort to reintroduce a revitalized Virginia Gazette after a brief run under the auspices of the College of William &amp; Mary’s journalism department in the mid-1920s dismantled. Goodwin envisioned the revival of its publication as an important accompaniment to the restoration efforts underway in Williamsburg’s historic district by the late 1920s. The Virginia Gazette office opened in a portion of a building forming part of the new business and shopping district at the west end of Duke of Gloucester Street. Located at 420 Prince George Street, it stood next to Ayers Garage in the approximate location of today’s Blue Talon Bistro. On January 10, 1930, Osborne released the first issue of the new and revised Virginia Gazette and the newspaper has been in continuous circulation since that date. &#13;
&#13;
The Osborne family developed close ties with Colonial Williamsburg through daughters Mattie Osborne, who served as a hostess, and Marguerite Osborne, who worked as Ed Kendrew’s secretary. Their small collection of photographs held by the library illustrates their involvement with many aspects of the museum’s activities. Mr. Osborne attended such events as the Governor’s Palace concert series while his daughters are pictured in costume participating in tours, training sessions, and even promotional photo shoots for Williamsburg chocolates. After World War II, Osborne’s three daughters, Marguerite, Mattie, and Midge, along with his son, J.A. Osborne Jr., assumed various responsibilities with production of the paper. Their growing roles with the business are reflected in a series of photos depicting family members conferring over newspaper proofs, greeting guests at an open house, and discussing printing equipment.  Marian Osborne rose from the role of assistant editor in the 1950s to become business manager, a role she retained even after her family sold the paper in 1961 and until her retirement in 1975. Together, the twenty-three photos encompassing the Osborne Family Photos provide a record of the family’s significant role in bringing the Virginia Gazette back to life and to honoring the newspaper’s historic roots in eighteenth-century Williamsburg.&#13;
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                  <text>Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation</text>
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                  <text>The Albert Durant Photography Collection encompasses photoprints, negatives, slides, and personal papers that document the photographic production of Williamsburg's first black city-licensed photographer, Albert Durant. Durant's photographic output provides a priceless visual history of African American life in Williamsburg, Virginia and surrounding communities from the late 1930s to the early 1960s. Since the collection encompasses ten thousand images, highlights of some of the major subject categories covered by the photos are presented here. &#13;
&#13;
The collection provides a fascinating glimpse into African American social life in Williamsburg during the 1940s and 1950s. Durant captured the atmosphere of local jazz and night clubs through scenes of performers singing and dancing and audiences socializing. Durant also acted as photographer for many African American clubs and organizations. Along with taking formal group portraits, he documented these groups through informal shots of meetings, dinners, and special events. &#13;
&#13;
African American student life during segregation is also featured in this visual archive. While a high school student at James City County Training School, Durant  began developing his interest in photography by taking images of student activities, including sports, dances, plays, assemblies, and graduations.  As an adult, Durant acted as a portrait photographer for Junior-Senior Proms at local black high schools and also documented the sports teams, marching bands, choirs, students, and faculty at Bruton Heights School in Williamsburg. &#13;
&#13;
African American spiritual life is another strength of the collection. Durant photographed church groups, such as choirs and missionary circles, as well as individuals participating in rituals at many different black churches in the Williamsburg area. &#13;
&#13;
Occupations, working conditions, and business opportunities for African Americans in Williamsburg are  recorded in Durant's photos, too. The photos show African Americans working in restaurants, beauty and barber shops, stores, offices, dry cleaners, and gas stations. &#13;
&#13;
Albert Wadsworth Durant was born on February 2, 1920 in New York City to Samuel and Bessie Durant. His mother was a native of Williamsburg who moved with her husband to New York and worked as a domestic servant for a family. After the death of her husband, who was originally from the West Indies, Bessie Durant and her children relocated to Williamsburg, Virginia, in 1929.  &#13;
&#13;
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&#13;
Albert Durant ran his own chauffeuring and limousine business in the Williamsburg area, providing services to many distinguished visitors to the city, including the Queen Mother of England, the Prince of Japan, and various chief justices. He often took his customers on excursions to local historic sites, including Colonial Williamsburg, Jamestown, and the James River plantations. Through course work at the College of William and Mary, Durant acquired a background in American history which enabled him to provide historical commentary as he drove customers through the countryside.&#13;
&#13;
Durant's contacts at the College of William and Mary sparked his initial interest in photography and once he had obtained equipment and training, Durant began creating his own historical record of the Williamsburg area. He produced hundreds of portraits documenting the families and activities of African American residents and also documented significant events, places, and persons in and around Williamsburg.&#13;
&#13;
In addition, Albert Durant worked to improve conditions for African Americans in Williamsburg by serving in various positions in the city's government. He acted as the first black Justice of the Peace and Bail Commissioner in Williamsburg and served as the first black magistrate of the General District Court from his appointment in 1962 until his retirement in 1975.&#13;
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&#13;
African American student life during segregation is also featured in this visual archive. While a high school student at James City County Training School, Durant  began developing his interest in photography by taking images of student activities, including sports, dances, plays, assemblies, and graduations.  As an adult, Durant acted as a portrait photographer for Junior-Senior Proms at local black high schools and also documented the sports teams, marching bands, choirs, students, and faculty at Bruton Heights School in Williamsburg. &#13;
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African American spiritual life is another strength of the collection. Durant photographed church groups, such as choirs and missionary circles, as well as individuals participating in rituals at many different black churches in the Williamsburg area. &#13;
&#13;
Occupations, working conditions, and business opportunities for African Americans in Williamsburg are  recorded in Durant's photos, too. The photos show African Americans working in restaurants, beauty and barber shops, stores, offices, dry cleaners, and gas stations. &#13;
&#13;
Albert Wadsworth Durant was born on February 2, 1920 in New York City to Samuel and Bessie Durant. His mother was a native of Williamsburg who moved with her husband to New York and worked as a domestic servant for a family. After the death of her husband, who was originally from the West Indies, Bessie Durant and her children relocated to Williamsburg, Virginia, in 1929.  &#13;
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&#13;
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&#13;
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Albert Durant died at age 71 on April 14, 1991.</text>
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&#13;
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&#13;
African American student life during segregation is also featured in this visual archive. While a high school student at James City County Training School, Durant  began developing his interest in photography by taking images of student activities, including sports, dances, plays, assemblies, and graduations.  As an adult, Durant acted as a portrait photographer for Junior-Senior Proms at local black high schools and also documented the sports teams, marching bands, choirs, students, and faculty at Bruton Heights School in Williamsburg. &#13;
&#13;
African American spiritual life is another strength of the collection. Durant photographed church groups, such as choirs and missionary circles, as well as individuals participating in rituals at many different black churches in the Williamsburg area. &#13;
&#13;
Occupations, working conditions, and business opportunities for African Americans in Williamsburg are  recorded in Durant's photos, too. The photos show African Americans working in restaurants, beauty and barber shops, stores, offices, dry cleaners, and gas stations. &#13;
&#13;
Albert Wadsworth Durant was born on February 2, 1920 in New York City to Samuel and Bessie Durant. His mother was a native of Williamsburg who moved with her husband to New York and worked as a domestic servant for a family. After the death of her husband, who was originally from the West Indies, Bessie Durant and her children relocated to Williamsburg, Virginia, in 1929.  &#13;
&#13;
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&#13;
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&#13;
Durant's contacts at the College of William and Mary sparked his initial interest in photography and once he had obtained equipment and training, Durant began creating his own historical record of the Williamsburg area. He produced hundreds of portraits documenting the families and activities of African American residents and also documented significant events, places, and persons in and around Williamsburg.&#13;
&#13;
In addition, Albert Durant worked to improve conditions for African Americans in Williamsburg by serving in various positions in the city's government. He acted as the first black Justice of the Peace and Bail Commissioner in Williamsburg and served as the first black magistrate of the General District Court from his appointment in 1962 until his retirement in 1975.&#13;
&#13;
Albert Durant died at age 71 on April 14, 1991.</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>A Colonial Williamsburg  African American costumed employee at entrance to Ludwell-Paradise House, Williamsburg, Virginia, circa 1950's.</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="106156">
                <text>Durant, Albert W.</text>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>Circa 1950's</text>
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          <element elementId="90">
            <name>Date Created</name>
            <description>Date of creation of the resource.</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="106158">
                <text>Circa 1950's</text>
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          <element elementId="104">
            <name>Is Part Of</name>
            <description>A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="106159">
                <text>Albert W Durant Photography Collection, AV-1992.1</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="106160">
                <text>jpeg</text>
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          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="106161">
                <text>Image</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="106162">
                <text>DUR-5395</text>
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          <element elementId="125">
            <name>Rights Holder</name>
            <description>A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="106163">
                <text>Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation</text>
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        <name>African Americans</name>
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        <name>Albert Wadsworth Durant</name>
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      <tag tagId="33">
        <name>Costumed Interpreters</name>
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      <tag tagId="1457">
        <name>Employees</name>
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      <tag tagId="1479">
        <name>Guests</name>
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      <tag tagId="1341">
        <name>Historic Area</name>
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      <tag tagId="1456">
        <name>Interpreters</name>
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      <tag tagId="352">
        <name>Ludwell-Paradise House</name>
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      <tag tagId="10">
        <name>Virginia</name>
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      <tag tagId="9">
        <name>Williamsburg</name>
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