1 20 23 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/3854/archive/files/107cbd065dfff741beff425061afe1b5.jpg?Expires=1774483200&Signature=LfMgh4qEUdmqV8nIZBr1T2qW%7EPJdmyHYAxqPifq24cacY5%7EXcKDZO%7ETLoDBNZWccnG-jxuLLa7y6xmUQAI8OEmOYn6XJ8Dtd0mZ-b1jWle5Wqooawd4gXZrcQK2k9miGBus755U%7EE3rm844Nhq-7WquzsdlQW2WkXnt4Yv1UF4sM%7E7xaKiHDTIrPLNZNBYpZ9CsTA%7E1-h96F-1m5FBaNBDEnr59aYl2wIpVXs4CXr4SnKZ8h2JPDFYXGlJox7WyXloALjst088HDtU%7EStDmpT3H-8l8cbnPdNnTRdhqvSB7PqFsLvDXNWcSZKAGqZ587-i65z9q41E4gXADrsMTnpQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 89156bcbde020433d2a3605a67b087e4 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Arthur Shurcliff Bird's-Eye View Pencil Sketches Subject The topic of the resource Shurcliff, Arthur A. (Arthur Asahel), 1870-1957 Landscape architecture - Virginia - Williamsburg Williamsburg (Va.) - Buildings, structures, etc. Landscape drawings Extent The size or duration of the resource. 138 drawings Description An account of the resource Arthur A. Shurcliff [ne Shurtleff] (1870 – 1957) was the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation’s first landscape architect. A student of Frederick Law Olmsted, Sr., considered the father of landscape architecture in America, Shurcliff’s Williamsburg gardens are recognized as consummate examples of the Colonial Revival style. Arthur Shurcliff arrived in Williamsburg in 1928 to join the Williamsburg office of architects Perry, Shaw and Hepburn. A graduate of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Shurcliff worked in the office of well-known landscape architects, Charles W. Eliot and Frederick Law Olmsted Sr. in Brookline, Massachusetts between 1896-1905. He then opened his own landscape design practice and received commissions for many landscape projects in Boston, such as the grounds of the Boston Museum of Fine Arts, the Charles River Esplanade, and the Franklin Park Zoo. Between 1928 and 1941, Shurcliff oversaw the planning and layout of gardens at Colonial Williamsburg, as well as of traffic patterns, parking, and street curb design, and continued to advise in a consultant capacity until just before his death in 1957. Shurcliff’s series of pencil sketches on tissue paper are conceptual views, many from a bird’s-eye perspective, that he and his associates designed to serve as illustrations for discussions about how guests would access the overall Historic Area, as well as specific gardens, and navigate through them. Some also offer ground level views of vistas and landscape features to show the strengths and weaknesses of several variations for a particular design concept. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Pencil on paper Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image. 11in x 8 1/2in Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource View looking west at an automobile driving along Lafayette Street with a man approaching horses in a pasture in the foreground, Williamsburg, Virginia. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context AV2021.05-125-001 Title A name given to the resource Lafayette Street Subject The topic of the resource Streets - Virginia - Williamsburg Horses - Virginia - Williamsburg Cityscape drawings Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Shurcliff, Arthur Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1939 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Arthur Shurcliff Bird's-Eye Pencil Sketches of Williamsburg, AV2021.5, #125, Folder 4 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Extent The size or duration of the resource. 1 drawing Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. RockefellerJr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. Arthur Shurcliff Automobiles Horses Lafayette Street Stables Virginia Williamsburg https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/3854/archive/files/547144d5578e048ba611cef2e99ecfba.jpg?Expires=1774483200&Signature=njT1RuLQHgW-63S6HXCVqEgL9T17Srtddbw8a3Sp3GPX5-yI6LeCRKJYjku58LuAhBKbWC3XyUh6oTzO5N1S1ewoUUXRMXzoqwIZEnKHa1I4NRINYcOld5j5ivB8yCFnAFWxLrtF37dpStuVa8kC5R5bhQkQ0eyZfrTRsy3mI9Mb24Rdr0G-IEbxZ19IsiT9cJ-7WyzLoj5znxvmWRn0lSJBvlQU6fQVuQYH5BllrKkht9%7Efy8Xjngbgso30VJa0rJ0EJ1GPZv0PAZ3Mqbn0LpbtLmHGMPNkWrqLAoWc579zrx-DeU1C2XNDGs9t4cEVqMdXNP2%7EUH%7EPv5QvzmsQcw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM de1c00749f950a8ff6f57f318624532d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Arthur Shurcliff Bird's-Eye View Pencil Sketches Subject The topic of the resource Shurcliff, Arthur A. (Arthur Asahel), 1870-1957 Landscape architecture - Virginia - Williamsburg Williamsburg (Va.) - Buildings, structures, etc. Landscape drawings Extent The size or duration of the resource. 138 drawings Description An account of the resource Arthur A. Shurcliff [ne Shurtleff] (1870 – 1957) was the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation’s first landscape architect. A student of Frederick Law Olmsted, Sr., considered the father of landscape architecture in America, Shurcliff’s Williamsburg gardens are recognized as consummate examples of the Colonial Revival style. Arthur Shurcliff arrived in Williamsburg in 1928 to join the Williamsburg office of architects Perry, Shaw and Hepburn. A graduate of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Shurcliff worked in the office of well-known landscape architects, Charles W. Eliot and Frederick Law Olmsted Sr. in Brookline, Massachusetts between 1896-1905. He then opened his own landscape design practice and received commissions for many landscape projects in Boston, such as the grounds of the Boston Museum of Fine Arts, the Charles River Esplanade, and the Franklin Park Zoo. Between 1928 and 1941, Shurcliff oversaw the planning and layout of gardens at Colonial Williamsburg, as well as of traffic patterns, parking, and street curb design, and continued to advise in a consultant capacity until just before his death in 1957. Shurcliff’s series of pencil sketches on tissue paper are conceptual views, many from a bird’s-eye perspective, that he and his associates designed to serve as illustrations for discussions about how guests would access the overall Historic Area, as well as specific gardens, and navigate through them. Some also offer ground level views of vistas and landscape features to show the strengths and weaknesses of several variations for a particular design concept. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Pencil on paper Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image. 14in x 12in Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource Study showing mounting blocks, hitching posts and lighting along the edge of Duke of Gloucester Street from pedestrian sidewalk, Williamsburg, Virginia. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context AV2021.05-119-001 Title A name given to the resource Duke of Gloucester Street Subject The topic of the resource Streets - Virginia - Williamsburg Street lights - Virginia - Williamsburg Horses - Virginia - Williamsburg Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Campbell, W.M. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1931 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Arthur Shurcliff Bird's-Eye Pencil Sketches of Williamsburg, AV2021.5, #119, Folder 4 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Extent The size or duration of the resource. 1 drawing Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. Arthur Shurcliff Duke of Gloucester Street Hitching Posts Horses Street Lights Virginia Williamsburg https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/3854/archive/files/e80128563576d2f704dd5c894ae76cad.jpg?Expires=1774483200&Signature=nbs-h0gtOtca1rkSX-l7qVYKI6NL%7EKUGDpUYwHyyovPlxszegALIgZmH95HtCrn3G%7EyePuu%7E59CgGrNi-CT0C7oBrQjku9X1LtaqTGWgQS3zqigb4fYK%7EMWDPHzXaFxSezfibQ9TKGKhyzAbldKM1pGGVJXalmxGDF26q0iMadl0%7ESRDxep4nWzdgZltPaOT1u7Ev719YE9tKb6zkztb6dM3A%7EczfsqRBT45849xYQhjYvzARpmyrooVjnHstHHN944deRqJvvLVAsdeECkfbwdVm9T2uc1K5lsgVlBQfejycL50pFbaviI5IoYPG0E3GeXZZ2jwne4c7rOaJeUpkw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM a408be097a3bccc903d38f42f49c5e36 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Arthur Shurcliff Bird's-Eye View Pencil Sketches Subject The topic of the resource Shurcliff, Arthur A. (Arthur Asahel), 1870-1957 Landscape architecture - Virginia - Williamsburg Williamsburg (Va.) - Buildings, structures, etc. Landscape drawings Extent The size or duration of the resource. 138 drawings Description An account of the resource Arthur A. Shurcliff [ne Shurtleff] (1870 – 1957) was the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation’s first landscape architect. A student of Frederick Law Olmsted, Sr., considered the father of landscape architecture in America, Shurcliff’s Williamsburg gardens are recognized as consummate examples of the Colonial Revival style. Arthur Shurcliff arrived in Williamsburg in 1928 to join the Williamsburg office of architects Perry, Shaw and Hepburn. A graduate of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Shurcliff worked in the office of well-known landscape architects, Charles W. Eliot and Frederick Law Olmsted Sr. in Brookline, Massachusetts between 1896-1905. He then opened his own landscape design practice and received commissions for many landscape projects in Boston, such as the grounds of the Boston Museum of Fine Arts, the Charles River Esplanade, and the Franklin Park Zoo. Between 1928 and 1941, Shurcliff oversaw the planning and layout of gardens at Colonial Williamsburg, as well as of traffic patterns, parking, and street curb design, and continued to advise in a consultant capacity until just before his death in 1957. Shurcliff’s series of pencil sketches on tissue paper are conceptual views, many from a bird’s-eye perspective, that he and his associates designed to serve as illustrations for discussions about how guests would access the overall Historic Area, as well as specific gardens, and navigate through them. Some also offer ground level views of vistas and landscape features to show the strengths and weaknesses of several variations for a particular design concept. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Pencil on paper Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image. 19 3/16in x 14in Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource Bird's-eye view looking northeast at the proposed Peyton Randolph Stable at head of North England Street, Williamsburg, Virginia, with the Palace parking lot beyond the trees at the rear of the property and the Grissell-Hay House garden (formerly known as the Van Garrett House) in the foreground. Title A name given to the resource Peyton Randolph Stable Subject The topic of the resource Peyton Randolph House (Williamsburg, Va.) Stables - Virginia - Williamsburg Carriages & coaches - Virginia - Williamsburg Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Campbell, W.M. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1935-06 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Arthur Shurcliff Bird's-eye Pencil Sketches of Williamsburg, AV2021.5, #101, Folder 3 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Extent The size or duration of the resource. 1 drawing Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. Arthur Shurcliff Carriages Horses Peyton Randolph Stable Virginia Visitors Williamsburg https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/3854/archive/files/27450d1cf7a93d17f4fbb8560ae834a2.jpg?Expires=1774483200&Signature=fvVWtzZJrU7yBbfysxOsq-RqSk5WoHNp2Hq%7EJIyU6iFWD6NsnMXh-C5EkrsEzpv4zYuBVvj2Ct5bMoh2nzdxgdarPWaj76ufT47LxlnnKryMpyw2IDBsOzdL9vHSdNaFEWsoVXVcEeJD4MPUkR6hNMLC5Cd5nlc8ltFdjGNpa%7EfLVyeYHuuxCcijkOo%7EDLbx1z5pgo00QCN%7ELDrp5wu5gRNngoKy05nWBfGSUy6KdS4m%7ExWg7kDx6FssA%7EOC9M40YPODyQY-GfJOppAQLq0BhoS%7EIs0rnaw8B2Cw3ARmSqzcyftAxCuSGG2OXDjFN7l6iSIhsFMB7qFihY57zmK8PA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 9eb082ee0aa9a6f66baa0abab79eb3e6 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Arthur Shurcliff Bird's-Eye View Pencil Sketches Subject The topic of the resource Shurcliff, Arthur A. (Arthur Asahel), 1870-1957 Landscape architecture - Virginia - Williamsburg Williamsburg (Va.) - Buildings, structures, etc. Landscape drawings Extent The size or duration of the resource. 138 drawings Description An account of the resource Arthur A. Shurcliff [ne Shurtleff] (1870 – 1957) was the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation’s first landscape architect. A student of Frederick Law Olmsted, Sr., considered the father of landscape architecture in America, Shurcliff’s Williamsburg gardens are recognized as consummate examples of the Colonial Revival style. Arthur Shurcliff arrived in Williamsburg in 1928 to join the Williamsburg office of architects Perry, Shaw and Hepburn. A graduate of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Shurcliff worked in the office of well-known landscape architects, Charles W. Eliot and Frederick Law Olmsted Sr. in Brookline, Massachusetts between 1896-1905. He then opened his own landscape design practice and received commissions for many landscape projects in Boston, such as the grounds of the Boston Museum of Fine Arts, the Charles River Esplanade, and the Franklin Park Zoo. Between 1928 and 1941, Shurcliff oversaw the planning and layout of gardens at Colonial Williamsburg, as well as of traffic patterns, parking, and street curb design, and continued to advise in a consultant capacity until just before his death in 1957. Shurcliff’s series of pencil sketches on tissue paper are conceptual views, many from a bird’s-eye perspective, that he and his associates designed to serve as illustrations for discussions about how guests would access the overall Historic Area, as well as specific gardens, and navigate through them. Some also offer ground level views of vistas and landscape features to show the strengths and weaknesses of several variations for a particular design concept. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Pencil on paper Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image. 18 x 42 inches Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. Description An account of the resource Conceptual sketch of the hotel approach for the Williamsburg Inn, Williamsburg, Virginia, with a driveway for automobiles and a driveway for horse-drawn carriages. Subject The topic of the resource Landscape architecture - Virginia - Williamsburg Williamsburg Inn (Williamsburg, Va.) Block 02. Building 65. Hotels - Virginia - Williamsburg Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context AV2021.05-007-001 Extent The size or duration of the resource. 1 drawing Title A name given to the resource Approach to Williamsburg Inn Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Arthur Shurcliff Bird's-Eye View Pencil Sketches, AV2021.5, 7. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Shurcliff, Arthur Arthur Shurcliff Automobiles Carriages Driveways Horses Virginia Williamsburg Williamsburg Inn https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/3854/archive/files/38423e18ad25b7d40cb9f2a15c2ac513.jpg?Expires=1774483200&Signature=eLoZuBr%7EN8h78ZWUKb8AbM7k%7EYxwaWbpy0b5lwMRNZATp4HyzK1zQZ0rE%7EVBsEQGMuI90Cf8v40wq3tuSdCGjn5kNVL22daDRn4HHYPzfRSW7d77VUiwP5snjou8yPXALngUPPXNTmn5rWvauaPYNHhrDnDS7UahjPSgiWLZrmlNq6rCD7EKi6QgXcwqGozXhzLOHnnV--EsQB3yaCNCo-hu0DGfWuQffeKBwWb5z-GbZAdqc5j06PvzNfuUvnKr3UP5lNb-1%7Eh2UZ-zUrEPEu1jsQUUuSDO6JnnDXxpshbF79KNNfkGAtwYSY2BqtrWKGmnjyZ64hlxLYuTG-FEAA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM a3e1134627353865b3e31470d9497cc7 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Arthur Shurcliff Bird's-Eye View Pencil Sketches Subject The topic of the resource Shurcliff, Arthur A. (Arthur Asahel), 1870-1957 Landscape architecture - Virginia - Williamsburg Williamsburg (Va.) - Buildings, structures, etc. Landscape drawings Extent The size or duration of the resource. 138 drawings Description An account of the resource Arthur A. Shurcliff [ne Shurtleff] (1870 – 1957) was the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation’s first landscape architect. A student of Frederick Law Olmsted, Sr., considered the father of landscape architecture in America, Shurcliff’s Williamsburg gardens are recognized as consummate examples of the Colonial Revival style. Arthur Shurcliff arrived in Williamsburg in 1928 to join the Williamsburg office of architects Perry, Shaw and Hepburn. A graduate of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Shurcliff worked in the office of well-known landscape architects, Charles W. Eliot and Frederick Law Olmsted Sr. in Brookline, Massachusetts between 1896-1905. He then opened his own landscape design practice and received commissions for many landscape projects in Boston, such as the grounds of the Boston Museum of Fine Arts, the Charles River Esplanade, and the Franklin Park Zoo. Between 1928 and 1941, Shurcliff oversaw the planning and layout of gardens at Colonial Williamsburg, as well as of traffic patterns, parking, and street curb design, and continued to advise in a consultant capacity until just before his death in 1957. Shurcliff’s series of pencil sketches on tissue paper are conceptual views, many from a bird’s-eye perspective, that he and his associates designed to serve as illustrations for discussions about how guests would access the overall Historic Area, as well as specific gardens, and navigate through them. Some also offer ground level views of vistas and landscape features to show the strengths and weaknesses of several variations for a particular design concept. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Pencil on paper Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image. 12.75 x 43.5 inches Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. Description An account of the resource Conceptual sketch of the hotel approach for the Williamsburg Inn, Williamsburg, Virginia, showing a driveway for automobiles and a driveway for horse-drawn carriages. Subject The topic of the resource Landscape architecture - Virginia - Williamsburg Williamsburg Inn (Williamsburg, Va.) Block 02. Building 65. Hotels - Virginia - Williamsburg Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context AV2021.05-006-001 Extent The size or duration of the resource. 1 drawing Title A name given to the resource Approach to the Williamsburg Inn Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Shurcliff, Arthur Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Arthur Shurcliff Bird's-Eye View Pencil Sketches, AV2021.5, 6. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Arthur Shurcliff Automobiles Carriages Driveways Francis Street Horses Virginia Williamsburg Williamsburg Inn https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/3854/archive/files/9f13a2b978d8a0d85616fb42caec8022.jpg?Expires=1774483200&Signature=lRaCW1r1eL9zJQdqU8meOADvMKHz0US8ZR5aiJAq0PN1vT6CNqyeB95DvGKBvRIqkHBZ6yCwYpzNCnqxGngfKglxKVxcsFPf%7Edxfp%7EusDkrSFqHkLoWI7MpQ11qta-twqwLMeAihL4RunChDEgSpjv9ErSe0WtadIu2uQ34YlJgGQ5bfESxajAgL1MxDP3tWZaphfyko2b7-gRGseFWY3DPnusi5S3ygMhBQWZIeHLpIsmGfeRmEhnDxpgcMxIwE6lWDU1n-uCxIcWBMfh%7EeGeZGC3BROheq3x-r06qWkSzFF0-YMUFjTQPwN3d%7EaSXkf-2KhYW4oeRvMqeavRq2vQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM fb0caf3e2f6525a66cf5deb97305e277 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Arthur Shurcliff Bird's-Eye View Pencil Sketches Subject The topic of the resource Shurcliff, Arthur A. (Arthur Asahel), 1870-1957 Landscape architecture - Virginia - Williamsburg Williamsburg (Va.) - Buildings, structures, etc. Landscape drawings Extent The size or duration of the resource. 138 drawings Description An account of the resource Arthur A. Shurcliff [ne Shurtleff] (1870 – 1957) was the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation’s first landscape architect. A student of Frederick Law Olmsted, Sr., considered the father of landscape architecture in America, Shurcliff’s Williamsburg gardens are recognized as consummate examples of the Colonial Revival style. Arthur Shurcliff arrived in Williamsburg in 1928 to join the Williamsburg office of architects Perry, Shaw and Hepburn. A graduate of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Shurcliff worked in the office of well-known landscape architects, Charles W. Eliot and Frederick Law Olmsted Sr. in Brookline, Massachusetts between 1896-1905. He then opened his own landscape design practice and received commissions for many landscape projects in Boston, such as the grounds of the Boston Museum of Fine Arts, the Charles River Esplanade, and the Franklin Park Zoo. Between 1928 and 1941, Shurcliff oversaw the planning and layout of gardens at Colonial Williamsburg, as well as of traffic patterns, parking, and street curb design, and continued to advise in a consultant capacity until just before his death in 1957. Shurcliff’s series of pencil sketches on tissue paper are conceptual views, many from a bird’s-eye perspective, that he and his associates designed to serve as illustrations for discussions about how guests would access the overall Historic Area, as well as specific gardens, and navigate through them. Some also offer ground level views of vistas and landscape features to show the strengths and weaknesses of several variations for a particular design concept. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Pencil on paper Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image. 21.75 x 52 inches Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. Description An account of the resource Bird's-eye view sketch looking east at the Bassett Hall complex, Williamsburg, Virginia. Subject The topic of the resource Landscape architecture - Virginia - Williamsburg Bassett Hall (Williamsburg, Va.) Block 01. Building 22. Architecture, Domestic - Virginia - Williamsburg Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context AV2021.05-001-001 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Shurcliff, Arthur Title A name given to the resource Bassett Hall Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Arthur Shurcliff Bird's-Eye View Pencil Sketches, AV2021.5, 1. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Extent The size or duration of the resource. 1 drawing Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Arthur Shurcliff Automobiles Bassett Hall Gardens Horses Outbuildings Stables Virginia Williamsburg https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/3854/archive/files/136f200d98e30bef67fefe90eb79610b.jpg?Expires=1774483200&Signature=C6vWPPBk%7E1fSU6cMzhRIwnpo6ALqdyoO5zX6OZBh9RyFZ4mQH0g93XT%7E%7EDXrOejLx38BvmHLN9pmlgfG0CLZ1bbLn8jkCxS9WbIK7h-ILD9wLx%7ETgie-CpXLF0e-b5b82QWle1XrCny4bqltSArUGdJCKWz84Y5Zel3RHrh47qSX-GG4zGhm%7EWU2CzGdl8rDR6gx9j6DBI6HDbAZ6kv-O8ZLmaTN6NbrLLyWFhjKZVf0P5QzQtBqAzEva281Wm33FC3oYSCXp1hPr-I42pUlRqrLsP30fDJx-ovhvXT6kTU9djODboEi-8FaeU7y0YSuZ7A7wwbz2FLEzZYke3WFcw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 6e052b81f72ed1f5873487c8e8e8f504 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Highlights of the Susan Higginson Nash Photograph Collection Subject The topic of the resource Nash, Susan Higginson Williamsburg (Va.)--History Architecture, Colonial - Virginia Documentary photography - Virginia Architectural photographs - 1930-1940 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Nash, Susan Higginson Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Description An account of the resource Susan Higginson Nash was born in Brookline, Massachusetts on August 8, 1893 and died in Boston on July 25, 1971. She served as a consultant on antiques and interior decoration in association with the Boston architectural firm of Perry, Shaw, & Hepburn, chosen to carry out the early work on Williamsburg's restoration. Later a member of the American Institute of Decorators, she was a friend of architect William G. Perry with whom she first visited Williamsburg in 1923. During field trips to Virginia sites, she met the popular Richmond novelist Ellen Glasgow, who advised her: "If you do any work at Williamsburg, make it perceptible." Mrs. Nash felt this was a wonderful phrase and quoted it often, evidently taking it to mean that the work should be subtly and sympathetically done. Most of the photos in the Susan Higginson Nash Photograph Collection date to the early 1930s, when steps to be taken in the physical restoration of the colonial capital were still under study. Sites include many of the important extant eighteenth-century houses in the Tidewater region of Virginia, such as Shirley, Westover, Mt. Airy, Sabine Hall and Marmion. Excursions to such sites were made to help in determining proper precedents for the work to be carried out in Williamsburg's Historic Area. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Early 1930s Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Gelatin silver print Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image. 3.25 x 4.25 inches Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ice Wagon Description An account of the resource Southern Ice Company delivery wagon on Meeting Street, Charleston, South Carolina Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Nash, Susan Higginson Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Circa 1929-1934 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Susan Higginson Nash Photograph Collection, AV2009.35 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Extent The size or duration of the resource. 1 photograph Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Na35 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Subject The topic of the resource Carts & wagons - South Carolina - Charleston Ice industry - South Carolina - Charleston Charleston Horses Ice Wagons Meeting Street South Carolina Susan Higginson Nash https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/3854/archive/files/9d55d796bd8bab4b3760f741c486928a.jpg?Expires=1774483200&Signature=Na--kRnZ3Z%7E329lkA2l2izO9wO7azSUZrWPMRamxYH5G56VXV2RIy5vkBLiIPNiqGtRMbk7ORkkIWzBojgVDFT-2xSx4%7EtpI%7Epr4NwGlbgD0iEAb8%7EBhwcwox1sSbN3Ox2jxCX8nNpt6A%7E9LkOA7g1qIkQSgWcY1X6OkYf5KdQ5yYX3IfVtB-ptB4E%7EygxdJxSCAXNgaB4vif2PMnc7gJ1T4oPPEZ1LBWjTbpvZU48pYoSzElXc4zuw4UmN0VXYtUuW-f3VvIC-OeteuOHEsYEL3MUsbnDSMS1K2XJnhpKnEH5UGmxMlGJjrGaY1FJexRtVtr2-ir4a6WYXJ8oEp0g__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 82756e6e4fd8552d1a94e19523458eaf Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Elizabeth Coleman Photograph Collection Subject The topic of the resource Architecture, Colonial - Virginia - Williamsburg Architecture, Domestic - Virginia - Williamsburg Black and white photographs Architectural photographs - 1890-1910 Lost architecture - Virginia - Williamsburg Description An account of the resource This collection was donated by the Coleman sisters: Cynthia (Mrs. Singleton Peabody Moorehead) and Janet (Mrs. Raymond Kimbrough), in 1950. Their relative, Miss Elizabeth Coleman, who lived in the Tayloe House at the beginning of the 20th century, was much interested in history and preservation and collected pictures during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. They were taken ca. 1890 - 1907. Some are annotated as made by Charles Washington Coleman and Robert Child; others were copied by local photographers: Frank Nivison, Clyde Holmes, and the Layton Studio in Richmond. Albert Edwin Kendrew, the Foundation’s Resident Architect, wrote that: “As our work goes forward, I am sure we will often have occasion to refer to this collection . . . We will also often recall the splendid cooperation which we received from Miss Elizabeth, and we are deeply appreciative of the great care which she devoted to her records and the properties which were of interest to Colonial Williamsburg.” Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1890-1930 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context AV-2009.56 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Gelatin silver print Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image. 8 x 10 inches Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Market Day Description An account of the resource An African American in a horse drawn cart pulled up next to a row of carts and wagons, possibly outside Samuel Harris' Cheap Store in Williamsburg, Virginia, Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource unknown Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Circa 1904 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. Circa 1904 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Elizabeth Coleman Photograph Collection, AV2009.56, Box 1, Folder 3 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Cole-101 W (see also 75-NJI-421) Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Subject The topic of the resource African Americans - Virginia - Williamsburg - Photographs Transportation - Virginia - Williamsburg Oxen - Virginia - Williamsburg African Americans Carts Ducks Horses Ox Carts Oxen Virginia Williamsburg https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/3854/archive/files/a24cc084e845b698f365247c8190488a.jpg?Expires=1774483200&Signature=JdeLoOeV5KmMZiu8MnIfFxZkyaiO3cUiuGnX1Lw7xhffqatDf6ATEkbm4gpt0onjx7wwH5AXa%7E-CF4ayyfJa2bcSxbQ0sy-qSAsWGhkEKStVrRFcVzLqjctOJh%7EpZIXv5kDwlnTkaEqXiBPzhO-czov26T9tn1yF2zCAWlghWv0vWdFIA98pcF0%7E50b2JalrbzHql%7EpWYgXuQCvgvOBC5ZSLnEPB3N65eXtOXCRS4WeE5adLxIWj-TioisA4PmZ9DYeb2c6GLYyfRGWTLnDu8e0y1lh3rRlDuJEtWoAgupyJAdrLSPxm1ma4REReiWmTJ-tRi8DvG0gfY5-t1r2bHQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 151513ea926cfd132c755484526d57c7 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Richard Garrison Photography Collection Subject The topic of the resource Garrison, Richard Historic buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg Architectural photographs - 1930-1940 Williamsburg (Va.)--History Description An account of the resource BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH Richard Garrison was a New York photographer with a studio at 52 Vanderbilt Avenue in New York City. His architectural photographs appeared regularly in such magazines as "House Beautiful," "American Art and Architecture," "Architectural Record," and "House & Garden." According to a recommendation written by Mr. Frederic C. Hirons, Garrison “…was trained as an architect and …knows the vital points in taking architectural photographs…” After F.S. Lincoln’s photography contract expired in 1937, Colonial Williamsburg hired Richard Garrison in his place. A contract signed by Garrison in June 1937 indicates that Garrison was contracted to be available when requested to photograph exterior and interior views of buildings between June 15, 1937 and June 14, 1938. Colonial Williamsburg renewed this agreement with Garrison in 1938 and 1939. Colonial Williamsburg staff members asked Garrison to create a master collection of official photos of Colonial Williamsburg buildings and gardens. He was given several lists of suggested views to take of the exterior and interior of the Governor’s Palace, the Capitol, the Raleigh Tavern, the Public Gaol, the Wren Building, Market Square Tavern, and the Travis House. The lists also instructed him to photograph various gardens and street scenes in the historic area, as well as shops in the business block and exterior views of the Williamsburg Inn. Some of Garrison’s photos formed part of the Virginia exhibit at the New York World’s Fair in 1939. Richard Garrison joined the Navy in 1942 and closed his office for the duration of World War II. During this period, his negative files were made available to Colonial Williamsburg at the offices of Underwood & Underwood in New York City. Garrison received his discharge from the Navy in 1946 and contacted Colonial Williamsburg about the possibility of additional contract work. The photographer presented Kenneth Chorley, President of Colonial Williamsburg, with a proposal to photograph the interiors of private homes within the historic area. Mr. Chorley vetoed the proposal because he felt the private interiors were not accurately restored and would confuse the public as to the objectives of the restoration work. Other Colonial Williamsburg staff members were more enthusiastic about the proposal, but it was never approved. Therefore, Garrison did not perform any more contract photography for Colonial Williamsburg after World War II. Scope and Contents The Richard Garrison Photo Collection consists of one portfolio of black and white and hand-colored photos ranging in size from 8x10 to 11x14. These are the only known Garrison photos in the Foundation’s photo archives. The whereabouts of the other negatives and prints created by Garrison while under contract to Colonial Williamsburg are unknown. Although it is unfortunate that only a small portion of Garrison’s photographic work for Colonial Williamsburg has been preserved, this small portfolio provides a sample of the types of photographs he created. The subject matter includes interior views of the Governor’s Palace, George Wythe House, Market Square Tavern, and the Raleigh Tavern; exterior views of the Capitol, Raleigh Tavern, Public Gaol, Courthouse, Ludwell-Paradise House, Ayscough Shop, Palmer House, Travis House, Pitt Dixon House, Coke-Garrett House, and the Williamsburg Inn; and various unidentified garden scenes. Some of the photos are mounted on board and signed by the photographer. They date from the period of 1937-1939, when Garrison worked on a contract basis for Colonial Williamsburg. Garrison's photographs of Colonial Williamsburg appeared in an exhibit at the Pedac Galleries at Rockefeller Center and also in the publication "Williamsburg, Virginia: A Brief Study in Photographs" published in 1939 by Colonial Williamsburg, Inc. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Garrison, Richard Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Gelatin silver print Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image. 8 x 10 inches Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Raleigh Tavern Subject The topic of the resource Garrison, Richard Raleigh Tavern (Williamsburg, Va.) Block 17. Building 06A. Taverns - Virginia - Williamsburg Historic buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg Description An account of the resource A horse-drawn carriage in front of the Raleigh Tavern on Duke of Gloucester Street, Williamsburg, Virginia, circa 1930's Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Garrison, Richard Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Circa 1930's Date Created Date of creation of the resource. Circa 1930's Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Richard Garrison Photography Collection, AV-1998.14, Box 3, Folder 2 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Garr-012 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Carriages Costumed Interpreters Duke of Gloucester Street Horses Raleigh Tavern Richard Garrison Signs Street Scenes Taverns Virginia Williamsburg https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/3854/archive/files/c697c68bcb48c8ff91683f8b8c0de43b.jpg?Expires=1774483200&Signature=eDwTcQ9IyxYe7clYpqAghAf-hcJ46bVZ1ZBFU5HiQ9J3hDnmeekb--hfibZYlUA1CNKgHiQl4O0jl%7EjAmmEKedojFC8ytpkScK-dcboJzWbncQZ0Y%7EfuSpQ3Y5I7zO8cWqvcHSv6YGQvzQVl8PPkQ3KnF-6lcmWvukFqednTB6o-irfEYF-4SBsaLVrm062E07RdVFimrHbDv58Clrke2OmMfbfdoJMIaseTWcWf8C2XLouNbsNmTMRv-P-Hxvb0QfKPtaE80XF-xw5%7E3D7klr2mwhkEB3jy-Va6mHNbnC9pUOH2rkNOcOska7l62W2T0Y9SJF0eNI%7EBYUE-b9oALw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM c5edbac702e0f4e3d010388ab66048fe Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Richard Garrison Photography Collection Subject The topic of the resource Garrison, Richard Historic buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg Architectural photographs - 1930-1940 Williamsburg (Va.)--History Description An account of the resource BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH Richard Garrison was a New York photographer with a studio at 52 Vanderbilt Avenue in New York City. His architectural photographs appeared regularly in such magazines as "House Beautiful," "American Art and Architecture," "Architectural Record," and "House & Garden." According to a recommendation written by Mr. Frederic C. Hirons, Garrison “…was trained as an architect and …knows the vital points in taking architectural photographs…” After F.S. Lincoln’s photography contract expired in 1937, Colonial Williamsburg hired Richard Garrison in his place. A contract signed by Garrison in June 1937 indicates that Garrison was contracted to be available when requested to photograph exterior and interior views of buildings between June 15, 1937 and June 14, 1938. Colonial Williamsburg renewed this agreement with Garrison in 1938 and 1939. Colonial Williamsburg staff members asked Garrison to create a master collection of official photos of Colonial Williamsburg buildings and gardens. He was given several lists of suggested views to take of the exterior and interior of the Governor’s Palace, the Capitol, the Raleigh Tavern, the Public Gaol, the Wren Building, Market Square Tavern, and the Travis House. The lists also instructed him to photograph various gardens and street scenes in the historic area, as well as shops in the business block and exterior views of the Williamsburg Inn. Some of Garrison’s photos formed part of the Virginia exhibit at the New York World’s Fair in 1939. Richard Garrison joined the Navy in 1942 and closed his office for the duration of World War II. During this period, his negative files were made available to Colonial Williamsburg at the offices of Underwood & Underwood in New York City. Garrison received his discharge from the Navy in 1946 and contacted Colonial Williamsburg about the possibility of additional contract work. The photographer presented Kenneth Chorley, President of Colonial Williamsburg, with a proposal to photograph the interiors of private homes within the historic area. Mr. Chorley vetoed the proposal because he felt the private interiors were not accurately restored and would confuse the public as to the objectives of the restoration work. Other Colonial Williamsburg staff members were more enthusiastic about the proposal, but it was never approved. Therefore, Garrison did not perform any more contract photography for Colonial Williamsburg after World War II. Scope and Contents The Richard Garrison Photo Collection consists of one portfolio of black and white and hand-colored photos ranging in size from 8x10 to 11x14. These are the only known Garrison photos in the Foundation’s photo archives. The whereabouts of the other negatives and prints created by Garrison while under contract to Colonial Williamsburg are unknown. Although it is unfortunate that only a small portion of Garrison’s photographic work for Colonial Williamsburg has been preserved, this small portfolio provides a sample of the types of photographs he created. The subject matter includes interior views of the Governor’s Palace, George Wythe House, Market Square Tavern, and the Raleigh Tavern; exterior views of the Capitol, Raleigh Tavern, Public Gaol, Courthouse, Ludwell-Paradise House, Ayscough Shop, Palmer House, Travis House, Pitt Dixon House, Coke-Garrett House, and the Williamsburg Inn; and various unidentified garden scenes. Some of the photos are mounted on board and signed by the photographer. They date from the period of 1937-1939, when Garrison worked on a contract basis for Colonial Williamsburg. Garrison's photographs of Colonial Williamsburg appeared in an exhibit at the Pedac Galleries at Rockefeller Center and also in the publication "Williamsburg, Virginia: A Brief Study in Photographs" published in 1939 by Colonial Williamsburg, Inc. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Garrison, Richard Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Gelatin silver print Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image. 8 x 10 inches Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Carriage at Raleigh Tavern Subject The topic of the resource Garrison, Richard Raleigh Tavern (Williamsburg, Va.) Block 17. Building 06A. Taverns - Virginia - Williamsburg Historic buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg Description An account of the resource Hand-colored photograph of horse-drawn carriage stopped in front of Raleigh Tavern on Duke of Gloucester Street in Williamsburg, Virginia, circa 1930's. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Garrison, Richard Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1930's Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 1930's Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Richard Garrison Photography Collection, AV-1998.14, Box 3, Folder 1 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Garr-011A (Hand-Colored) Garr-011B (B&W) Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation African Americans Carriages Costumed Interpreters Costumes Duke of Gloucester Street Horses Museum Docents Raleigh Tavern Richard Garrison Signs Street Scenes Taverns Virginia Williamsburg https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/3854/archive/files/d18d91741e946bc99457164dcd904d36.jpg?Expires=1774483200&Signature=OS612QrCtr7AO8TpFdfk2tVsuxPC%7ElqsFKx0n2VM8tvndPxk7i6Ef1fkyxYzbZMrHCsWwnxARgnWXtU5hR-FF77Z7P3vk795k4I5SZicFwk1iY0xLPl%7EKzycHRB-C0Kue0%7E%7Exr9g4HA36G2v2gBma51kBS1g5VdPZvM%7EdU1259NrpcebMNqxG4DIejIwSjp-UQxULd0oW1Ox-n7XC6rxLdoKDCXQegUThtBjtei1b-HuVpeyDAvFAHTeLu8ZDPnVk9xZIDd6jxShEHKRpZ71Y-qhZ1Fe8wx66d8UkZ6qlVs4X9xE-0KPpLMRKuITEbcQ-h260yZb3Ucx3FcXcOfTLg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 91bbc2e2d9370df6a54ab77a64c5ec19 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Highlights of the Susan Higginson Nash Photograph Collection Subject The topic of the resource Nash, Susan Higginson Williamsburg (Va.)--History Architecture, Colonial - Virginia Documentary photography - Virginia Architectural photographs - 1930-1940 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Nash, Susan Higginson Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Description An account of the resource Susan Higginson Nash was born in Brookline, Massachusetts on August 8, 1893 and died in Boston on July 25, 1971. She served as a consultant on antiques and interior decoration in association with the Boston architectural firm of Perry, Shaw, & Hepburn, chosen to carry out the early work on Williamsburg's restoration. Later a member of the American Institute of Decorators, she was a friend of architect William G. Perry with whom she first visited Williamsburg in 1923. During field trips to Virginia sites, she met the popular Richmond novelist Ellen Glasgow, who advised her: "If you do any work at Williamsburg, make it perceptible." Mrs. Nash felt this was a wonderful phrase and quoted it often, evidently taking it to mean that the work should be subtly and sympathetically done. Most of the photos in the Susan Higginson Nash Photograph Collection date to the early 1930s, when steps to be taken in the physical restoration of the colonial capital were still under study. Sites include many of the important extant eighteenth-century houses in the Tidewater region of Virginia, such as Shirley, Westover, Mt. Airy, Sabine Hall and Marmion. Excursions to such sites were made to help in determining proper precedents for the work to be carried out in Williamsburg's Historic Area. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Early 1930s Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Gelatin silver print Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image. 3.25 x 4.25 inches Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Botetourt Inn, Gloucester Court House, Virginia Subject The topic of the resource Nash, Susan Higginson Courthouses - Virginia - Gloucester Botetourt Inn (Gloucester, Va.) Hotels - Virginia - Gloucester Description An account of the resource Botetourt Inn, Gloucester Court House, Virginia, 1930 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Nash, Susan Higginson Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1930 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 1930 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Susan Higginson Nash Photograph Collection, AV2009.35, Box 3, Album 10 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Na2387 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John B. Rockefeller, Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Extent The size or duration of the resource. 1 photograph Balconies Balustrades Botetourt Inn Carriages Chimneys Columns Gloucester Gloucester Court House Horses Porches Susan Higginson Nash Taverns Virginia https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/3854/archive/files/8ee0e39119dc6eb495fcafe6fa524b37.jpg?Expires=1774483200&Signature=egNFvOxWdGJGwpCN57Jz2xy8mEN3QT5%7E-eKY23F9ARLqGkoR9qV-f6CQ89Qrm6FKaxBd8NU%7EuWWt2%7Eqf-j9DSC587rADKS-kzHOL8R5jizU21V0MYVdrBZrNW7CzBfzQ9LoNXxdUx6%7EQvce2IlGTBR6okem2SB3IoFassi03Cs8ZexM6egYdRWFWYNclaTMb8oCWVCSmUx83jh8G%7Elfo8hQOKAWZjPswbcgQULCtDs5bck4%7Ewq049L5bBEFl51hUVJLPIXnoTRaqS7O2e7ER2QzNPVP511P%7Ev93klx%7EZxobEoX-vl%7EcNPmxmkL6dhP1-igi4jtaK2%7Etjg3oF1ZCpbg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM ea78a78dd00a02af4172d73b013f3e7d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Highlights of the Albert Durant Photography Collection Description An account of the resource The Albert Durant Photography Collection encompasses photoprints, negatives, slides, and personal papers that document the photographic production of Williamsburg's first black city-licensed photographer, Albert Durant. Durant's photographic output provides a priceless visual history of African American life in Williamsburg, Virginia and surrounding communities from the late 1930s to the early 1960s. Since the collection encompasses ten thousand images, highlights of some of the major subject categories covered by the photos are presented here. The collection provides a fascinating glimpse into African American social life in Williamsburg during the 1940s and 1950s. Durant captured the atmosphere of local jazz and night clubs through scenes of performers singing and dancing and audiences socializing. Durant also acted as photographer for many African American clubs and organizations. Along with taking formal group portraits, he documented these groups through informal shots of meetings, dinners, and special events. African American student life during segregation is also featured in this visual archive. While a high school student at James City County Training School, Durant began developing his interest in photography by taking images of student activities, including sports, dances, plays, assemblies, and graduations. As an adult, Durant acted as a portrait photographer for Junior-Senior Proms at local black high schools and also documented the sports teams, marching bands, choirs, students, and faculty at Bruton Heights School in Williamsburg. African American spiritual life is another strength of the collection. Durant photographed church groups, such as choirs and missionary circles, as well as individuals participating in rituals at many different black churches in the Williamsburg area. Occupations, working conditions, and business opportunities for African Americans in Williamsburg are recorded in Durant's photos, too. The photos show African Americans working in restaurants, beauty and barber shops, stores, offices, dry cleaners, and gas stations. Albert Wadsworth Durant was born on February 2, 1920 in New York City to Samuel and Bessie Durant. His mother was a native of Williamsburg who moved with her husband to New York and worked as a domestic servant for a family. After the death of her husband, who was originally from the West Indies, Bessie Durant and her children relocated to Williamsburg, Virginia, in 1929. At age 36, Durant married Elsie Lucille Ferguson on August 18, 1956. They raised three sons, Albert W. Durant Jr., Byron Murphy, and Roderick Ferguson, and two daughters, Yvette Durant and Deanna Ferguson. Albert Durant ran his own chauffeuring and limousine business in the Williamsburg area, providing services to many distinguished visitors to the city, including the Queen Mother of England, the Prince of Japan, and various chief justices. He often took his customers on excursions to local historic sites, including Colonial Williamsburg, Jamestown, and the James River plantations. Through course work at the College of William and Mary, Durant acquired a background in American history which enabled him to provide historical commentary as he drove customers through the countryside. Durant's contacts at the College of William and Mary sparked his initial interest in photography and once he had obtained equipment and training, Durant began creating his own historical record of the Williamsburg area. He produced hundreds of portraits documenting the families and activities of African American residents and also documented significant events, places, and persons in and around Williamsburg. In addition, Albert Durant worked to improve conditions for African Americans in Williamsburg by serving in various positions in the city's government. He acted as the first black Justice of the Peace and Bail Commissioner in Williamsburg and served as the first black magistrate of the General District Court from his appointment in 1962 until his retirement in 1975. Albert Durant died at age 71 on April 14, 1991. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Gelatin silver print Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image. 8x10 inches Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource John D. Rockefeller Jr.'s Physician with Coach Driver Subject The topic of the resource African American Photographers Coaches & carriages - Virginia - Williamsburg Coach drivers - Virginia - Williamsburg Colonial Williamsburg (Williamsburg, Va.) Documentary photography - Virginia - Williamsburg Description An account of the resource John D. Rockefeller Jr.'s personal physician posing with a Colonial Williamsburg coachman in front of his carriage near Market Square. Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Albert Durant Photography Collection, AV-1992.1, Box 9, Folder 16. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DUR-5684 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Durant, Albert W. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Circa 1950's Date Created Date of creation of the resource. Circa 1950's Albert Wadsworth Durant Carriages Coach Drivers Coaches Colonial Williamsburg Horses John D. Rockefeller Jr. Market Square Physicians Tourists Virginia Williamsburg https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/3854/archive/files/d054c1cd835704f69548bfc5213462ca.jpg?Expires=1774483200&Signature=rijjuUGFsxGOBfZgkYWbgnhp3UA7gJyawMr3%7Eq612I-RHPcPjOHnTeejxMujXqNLizzm4WV4U6yc6OGW%7E7HxWSzPtBNr1O-15BkWxB0hnPbyzzBEndtUJl2PtjgXDzq6wgM%7Ex1rYN4TJq78%7EKDsnRrVn69HqCzG1k9fG%7Et%7EvriOQTIjB%7EnMWabi-J5HFz5zFJTKdoGZNO1IEIaovaU1z2BiGalysX0sk%7Ed1LCn3zCYMidET9cZFjT7km5otTDfZ-DG6-CY8zo%7E-aGR0MIcltL-y5nySObHPy6UJjtiNBVTsL6R5JqfEtpT91sYeksP66--zdRQMZopdtCB5Q8qJWxA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 231bd44c399169da2a5ac1ad14acda64 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Peter Hornbeck Lantern Slide Collection Subject The topic of the resource Lantern slides - Hand-colored - 1930-1940 Hornbeck, Peter - 1936-1998 Williamsburg (Va.)--History. Architecture, Colonial - Virginia - Williamsburg Description An account of the resource Mr. Peter Hornbeck, a renowned Landscape Architect and Harvard professor, assembled this collection of lantern slides produced between the late 1930s and early 1940s. A graduate of the University of Pennsylvania and the Harvard Graduate School of Design, Peter Hornbeck managed the landscape architecture firm of Hornbeck Associates in North Andover, Massachusetts during the 1950s. He became a faculty member of the Harvard Graduate School of Design in 1963 and taught courses focusing upon historic landscape preservation and city planning.. These lantern slides served as visual aids during lectures he gave about the Williamsburg Restoration and eighteenth-century garden history. The lantern slides encompass a variety of images of Williamsburg available commercially from A.D. Handy, F.S. Lincoln, Eldredge Studio, and the National Geographic Society. They also include some images of historic homes and gardens in other parts of Virginia and in Great Britain. This collection is significant as a record of how landscape architects were interpreting and presenting eighteenth-century garden history during the 1930s and 1940s. It also provides a visual record of Williamsburg buildings and gardens before, during, and after the restoration work undertaken in the early 1930s. In addition, the collection documents how the Williamsburg Restoration publicized its work through commercial slide sets. For example, Mr. F.S. Lincoln, a New York photographer hired to compile a photographic portfolio of restored Williamsburg buildings for a special issue of the "Architectural Record" in 1935, also created colorized lantern slides of his photos for sale in Williamsburg shops. The Peter Hornbeck Lantern Slide Collection contains numerous examples of these early souvenir images. A precursor of 35mm slides, lantern slides are large format positive transparencies, usually 3.25 x 4 inches, sandwiched between two pieces of glass. Many were hand-colored. A projector allowed the slides to be viewed on a wall or screen. Instead of automatically advancing from one slide to the next, the lantern slides had to be manually placed into a slot on the projector. Invented in 1848, lantern slides evolved from those associated with magic lanterns in the late nineteenth-century to the format represented in this collection. Between 1848-1870, oil lamps served as the light source for magic lantern projectors. By the 1890s, the carbon arc lamp offered a better lighting method. The introduction of electricity in the twentieth-century allowed the projection of lantern slides to become common in schools and universities. Lantern slides became obsolete in the 1950s when the Kodachrome three-color process brought about the introduction of 35mm slides. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Lantern Slide Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image. 3.25 x 4 inches Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Governor's Palace, Williamsburg, Virginia Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Lincoln, F.S. Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Peter Hornbeck Lantern Slides Collection, AV-2000.9, Box 2 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HLS-107 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Subject The topic of the resource Governor's Palace (Williamsburg, Va.) Block 20. Building 03. Lincoln, F.S. Historic buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg Public buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg Lantern slides - Hand-colored - 1930-1940 Description An account of the resource Exterior of Governor's Palace, view of front gate, 1935. A female costumed interpreter (once called a "hostess") stands in a gown at the front gate, while a carriage drawn by two horses stands in the front drive. Two male costumed interpreters, representing an enslaved coachman and footman, wait with the carriage. Advance Buildings Brick Walls Brickwork Carriages Colonial Architecture Costumed Interpreters Dentils Dormers F.S. Lincoln Glass Transparencies Governor's Palace Horses Hostesses Lantern Slides Lions Palace Green Palace Street Peter Hornbeck Public Buildings Transoms Unicorns Virginia Williamsburg https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/3854/archive/files/19d1cc48d7c5021fd05f9513fcdf9b2f.jpg?Expires=1774483200&Signature=nKZeXb-x4lNzt7MrXES5IqcD9odotkB4Xp7fKk1-NJvFleetO8WnnR9RikVbvDHa1WNrIBI-MkuGGIUlFefVeXXFSrIOn1ge4p6V3xEG7O2UsfYdLnMee2LoTZw426HW3fLLLR3t3kAz45T0kUG6HkGW2Qf37DEeIghnNqfYkyMJzzRKH6mrT9BhM7ETSxH2TYQ1b7D7YMJlA3eBUSRY6COV9SenXHeKAYCJEI46GVnMtk%7EteMdiNpP4d0YPP7cITi4EnhQBC1gFGon48U164JKHj8Dz4lLpCLCi0XOFC5BXW1MHB2292Miqs%7EitK0bNLQ-FKe5X6KbdwHYBuP%7ExKg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM ad668d38f02e7f67c4abacb56e24dcea Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Peter Hornbeck Lantern Slide Collection Subject The topic of the resource Lantern slides - Hand-colored - 1930-1940 Hornbeck, Peter - 1936-1998 Williamsburg (Va.)--History. Architecture, Colonial - Virginia - Williamsburg Description An account of the resource Mr. Peter Hornbeck, a renowned Landscape Architect and Harvard professor, assembled this collection of lantern slides produced between the late 1930s and early 1940s. A graduate of the University of Pennsylvania and the Harvard Graduate School of Design, Peter Hornbeck managed the landscape architecture firm of Hornbeck Associates in North Andover, Massachusetts during the 1950s. He became a faculty member of the Harvard Graduate School of Design in 1963 and taught courses focusing upon historic landscape preservation and city planning.. These lantern slides served as visual aids during lectures he gave about the Williamsburg Restoration and eighteenth-century garden history. The lantern slides encompass a variety of images of Williamsburg available commercially from A.D. Handy, F.S. Lincoln, Eldredge Studio, and the National Geographic Society. They also include some images of historic homes and gardens in other parts of Virginia and in Great Britain. This collection is significant as a record of how landscape architects were interpreting and presenting eighteenth-century garden history during the 1930s and 1940s. It also provides a visual record of Williamsburg buildings and gardens before, during, and after the restoration work undertaken in the early 1930s. In addition, the collection documents how the Williamsburg Restoration publicized its work through commercial slide sets. For example, Mr. F.S. Lincoln, a New York photographer hired to compile a photographic portfolio of restored Williamsburg buildings for a special issue of the "Architectural Record" in 1935, also created colorized lantern slides of his photos for sale in Williamsburg shops. The Peter Hornbeck Lantern Slide Collection contains numerous examples of these early souvenir images. A precursor of 35mm slides, lantern slides are large format positive transparencies, usually 3.25 x 4 inches, sandwiched between two pieces of glass. Many were hand-colored. A projector allowed the slides to be viewed on a wall or screen. Instead of automatically advancing from one slide to the next, the lantern slides had to be manually placed into a slot on the projector. Invented in 1848, lantern slides evolved from those associated with magic lanterns in the late nineteenth-century to the format represented in this collection. Between 1848-1870, oil lamps served as the light source for magic lantern projectors. By the 1890s, the carbon arc lamp offered a better lighting method. The introduction of electricity in the twentieth-century allowed the projection of lantern slides to become common in schools and universities. Lantern slides became obsolete in the 1950s when the Kodachrome three-color process brought about the introduction of 35mm slides. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Lantern Slide Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image. 3.25 x 4 inches Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Peter Hornbeck Lantern Slides Collection, AV-2000.9, Box 2 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HLS-83 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Title A name given to the resource Raleigh Tavern, Williamsburg, Va. Subject The topic of the resource Raleigh Tavern (Williamsburg, Va.) Block 17. Building 06A. Taverns (Inns) - Virginia - Williamsburg Historic buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg Lincoln, F.S. Lantern slides - Hand-colored - 1930-1940 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Lincoln, F.S. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1935 Description An account of the resource A carriage passes the southern façade of the Raleigh Tavern as it proceeds along Duke of Gloucester Street, 1935. The tavern's signboard and a fence stand in the foreground, while the front entrance of the building is visible in the background. A lead bust of Sir Walter Raleigh, the noted navigator-explorer, is featured in the broken pediment above the tavern's front doors. Eighteenth-century spelling was not exact and Raleigh most often wrote his name without the “i”. The Raleigh Tavern was the frequent scene of both jollity and consequence. Burned to the ground in 1859, the tavern was reconstructed from published illustrations, insurance policies, and archaeology that uncovered most of the original foundations. Benches Busts Carriages Chimneys Costumed Interpreters Dentils Dormers Duke of Gloucester Street F.S. Lincoln Glass Transparencies Hitching Posts Horses Inns Lantern Slides Museum Docents Ordinaries Pediments Peter Hornbeck Raleigh Tavern Shutters Signboards Sir Walter Raleigh Stairs Taverns Virginia Williamsburg https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/3854/archive/files/72aff730151b901afc6bcde0c7c73336.jpg?Expires=1774483200&Signature=TuhN%7EYzwYO1oDye15LE9DRpvI27Qqp9Av9TO-5B9SATpEdsK6SrqJ6UNL9t0i0VJa6DL2nOnl7DMYouHWVDZecignu%7Ep6HJBbxAUmhz0GvW4udGBjzI5OBoxGuuh-QTdR2G1yShEkKYxeOSk%7Eiw96wxPlr-KExKZsbHPWD70J-iNNOBM8DNb7oc4aHE7dpCQsyUV7sudE1jaMuklqKixdihzSJCBWABfr7mtOAR2i0pt7Q8hyn5gwMZuYuFYO3rYjiPNFOhDCvNtw8ZSTtNbqM5-LmTwFvqUsFUKEdWC1QbnpkLdFqxG5dZI7g0y3%7E9sL%7ENSqebrwBK9wjfLwfFGMg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 38806f174ceb9884cf8e9350a709a426 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Highlights of the Albert Durant Photography Collection Description An account of the resource The Albert Durant Photography Collection encompasses photoprints, negatives, slides, and personal papers that document the photographic production of Williamsburg's first black city-licensed photographer, Albert Durant. Durant's photographic output provides a priceless visual history of African American life in Williamsburg, Virginia and surrounding communities from the late 1930s to the early 1960s. Since the collection encompasses ten thousand images, highlights of some of the major subject categories covered by the photos are presented here. The collection provides a fascinating glimpse into African American social life in Williamsburg during the 1940s and 1950s. Durant captured the atmosphere of local jazz and night clubs through scenes of performers singing and dancing and audiences socializing. Durant also acted as photographer for many African American clubs and organizations. Along with taking formal group portraits, he documented these groups through informal shots of meetings, dinners, and special events. African American student life during segregation is also featured in this visual archive. While a high school student at James City County Training School, Durant began developing his interest in photography by taking images of student activities, including sports, dances, plays, assemblies, and graduations. As an adult, Durant acted as a portrait photographer for Junior-Senior Proms at local black high schools and also documented the sports teams, marching bands, choirs, students, and faculty at Bruton Heights School in Williamsburg. African American spiritual life is another strength of the collection. Durant photographed church groups, such as choirs and missionary circles, as well as individuals participating in rituals at many different black churches in the Williamsburg area. Occupations, working conditions, and business opportunities for African Americans in Williamsburg are recorded in Durant's photos, too. The photos show African Americans working in restaurants, beauty and barber shops, stores, offices, dry cleaners, and gas stations. Albert Wadsworth Durant was born on February 2, 1920 in New York City to Samuel and Bessie Durant. His mother was a native of Williamsburg who moved with her husband to New York and worked as a domestic servant for a family. After the death of her husband, who was originally from the West Indies, Bessie Durant and her children relocated to Williamsburg, Virginia, in 1929. At age 36, Durant married Elsie Lucille Ferguson on August 18, 1956. They raised three sons, Albert W. Durant Jr., Byron Murphy, and Roderick Ferguson, and two daughters, Yvette Durant and Deanna Ferguson. Albert Durant ran his own chauffeuring and limousine business in the Williamsburg area, providing services to many distinguished visitors to the city, including the Queen Mother of England, the Prince of Japan, and various chief justices. He often took his customers on excursions to local historic sites, including Colonial Williamsburg, Jamestown, and the James River plantations. Through course work at the College of William and Mary, Durant acquired a background in American history which enabled him to provide historical commentary as he drove customers through the countryside. Durant's contacts at the College of William and Mary sparked his initial interest in photography and once he had obtained equipment and training, Durant began creating his own historical record of the Williamsburg area. He produced hundreds of portraits documenting the families and activities of African American residents and also documented significant events, places, and persons in and around Williamsburg. In addition, Albert Durant worked to improve conditions for African Americans in Williamsburg by serving in various positions in the city's government. He acted as the first black Justice of the Peace and Bail Commissioner in Williamsburg and served as the first black magistrate of the General District Court from his appointment in 1962 until his retirement in 1975. Albert Durant died at age 71 on April 14, 1991. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Gelatin silver print Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image. 8x10 inches Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Rockefeller's Physician Touring Colonial Williamsburg Subject The topic of the resource African American Photographers Documentary Photography - Virginia - Williamsburg Colonial Williamsburg (Williamsburg, Va.) Carriages & coaches - Virginia - Williamsburg Description An account of the resource John D. Rockefeller Jr.'s personal physician riding in a carriage at Colonial Williamsburg with Mrs. Esther Ruffin and her daughters. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Durant, Albert W. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Circa 1950's Date Created Date of creation of the resource. Circa 1950's Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Albert Durant Photography Collection. AV-1992.1, Box 9, Folder 16 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DUR-5530 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Extent The size or duration of the resource. 1 item African Americans Albert Wadsworth Durant Carriages Children Coachmen Colonial Williamsburg Esther Ruffin Horses Physicians Tourists Virginia Williamsburg https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/3854/archive/files/579e813e522dabad0b4177248b5091b9.jpg?Expires=1774483200&Signature=fpFntJX%7El4n3DGG7ahCSeHmtkGauGfOTC9pnDgQ957gntk7FplSFO8hsvNh20ZIIRpVDkQ1XYDoWC4IFBSHesIT8bBqvWNC4ID5SIy3peQiKC-njUrR29kEaHKM5r3er%7EA9mJ6rxlcyat2O3fHXuR-ytN7EGWSPEWh8qviza9TeP2gM22RsRfiY85qQAOkarY%7EtS2bdBUi34B4JbxZ1rACd7g2xxGT5G05CRKBR8tTHHKF6-YD1WnoDJAAEld4F-Bdfa%7Eag%7Eoh25n13ig2Ib6XOrwCr04g-aWEtWQex1H8u2tkPv1hpfOvjjflfKEk0baPOQ%7EJrOSUeXtlX1mzeIIg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 8d9ad653f5970df31bc6d77816e34937 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pacific Stereopticon Company Lantern Slides Description An account of the resource Produced by the Pacific Stereopticon Company of Los Angeles, this collection of forty-five lantern slides depicts individuals involved in the restoration of Williamsburg, as well as some of the restored buildings. The slides are a mixture of black and white and color images taken by various photographers in the late 1930s. Many are copies based upon photos taken by contract professionals hired to document the appeal of the architecture and landscapes of Colonial Williamsburg. Several of the black and white slides are derived from photos taken by noted architectural photographer F.S. Lincoln, whose collection is also available for viewing on this site. The lantern slides are significant because they document early efforts to publicize the newly opened museum. California architect Reginald Davis Johnson utilized the set to lecture to students and colleagues about the massive efforts undertaken to bring Williamsburg's historic district back to its 18th-century appearance. Noted for his contributions to the development of the Spanish-Southern California architecture of Santa Barbara, Reginald Davis Johnson resided in Pasadena and operated an architectural design studio. Some of his best known projects include the Santa Barbara Biltmore Hotel, the Santa Barbara Post Office, and the Harbor Hills, Rancho San Pedro, and Baldwin Hills communities in Los Angeles. A precursor of 35mm slides, lantern slides are large format positive transparencies, usually 3.25 x 4 inches, sandwiched between two pieces of glass. Many were hand-colored. A projector allowed the slides to be viewed on a wall or screen. Instead of automatically advancing from one slide to the next, the lantern slides had to be manually placed into a slot on the projector. Invented in 1848, lantern slides evolved from those associated with magic lanterns in the late 19th-century to the format represented in this collection. Between 1848-1870, oil lamps served as the light source for magic lantern projectors. By the 1890s, the carbon arc lamp offered a better lighting method. The introduction of electricity in the 20th-century allowed the projection of lantern slides to become common in schools and universities. Lantern slides became obsolete in the 1950s when the Kodachrome three-color process brought about the introduction of 35mm slides. Subject The topic of the resource Pacific Stereopticon Co. Lantern slides - Hand-colored - 1930-1940 Johnson, Reginald Davis, 1882-1952 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Pacific Stereopticon Co. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource ca. 1935 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Lantern slide Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image. 2 x 3 inches Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Palace Green Viewed from the Governor's Palace Subject The topic of the resource Governor's Palace (Williamsburg, Va.) Block 20. Building 03. Historic buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg Public buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg Description An account of the resource Hand-colored lantern slide featuring photo of Palace Green taken by F.S. Lincoln from a second floor window in the Governor's Palace in 1935. It is the fortieth slide in a set produced by the Pacific Stereopticon Co. of Los Angeles, California, now defunct, to illustrate the story of Dr. W.A.R. Goodwin's dream to restore a portion of Williamsburg, Virginia to its 18th-century appearance as a shrine to early American ideals. Overhead view of the Palace Green, looking south through a window of the Governor's Palace. Palace Street rings the Green. At the front gate of the Palace stands a gowned female costumed interpreter (once referred to as a "hostess"), while a carriage drawn by two horses stands in the front drive. Two male costumed interpreters, representing enslaved coachmen, wait with the carriage. The long, broad expanse of the Green, lined on either side by catalpa trees (also known as catawba trees), creates an impressive vista and impression of grandeur upon approach to the Palace. "Palace Green was intended to focus the eye as well as the mind on the source of executive authority in Virginia and to provide the stately official residence at its head with an unimpeded vista to the heart of the community and beyond." (Source: Colonial Williamsburg Foundation website, "See the Places: Historic Sites and buildings: Palace Green," http://www.history.org/almanack/places/hb/hbpalgr.cfm) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Lincoln, F.S. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Pacific Stereopticon Company Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1935 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context PSC-040 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Carriages Catalpa Trees Costumed Interpreters F.S. Lincoln Gates Governor's Palace Horses Hostesses Lantern Slides Lions Pacific Stereopticon Company Palace Green Unicorns Windows https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/3854/archive/files/152f2a9f6427b50adfcea4e9753a9def.jpg?Expires=1774483200&Signature=AsCoM6N1Oetpa3H8b2jYMbpyx40zGrXhyQRJHo-2gaj0xw7amXvXepLQeiaIR0bGyoxj7AbYfPzjitgcCc2Cg1kEbriS1f78kSzpdkZb5%7EjZvPEhgGM-hZvRrUgFk8Kv915Go1ppZyHIUz9xCeBCiBPlST%7E1Tjz3lxsRguErDg48qqs9heEff1t%7EAtHansZKjpeF0CW1PFAkI0fDNczW9JjZ3cG8nWPFDUa-JDVWQO%7E67nOmFmDSKUwz9zQP9ZvgjiOx0eHosv--aodjLGxQssfg9Xi-wh9oERGwMTS1SXoQHGbExlXmra8zJv3k6nchFY4ThOSf1DsutwaLPLI1uw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 4e8ac896f0bb2385aad85963ba79d9f3 Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. 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Rockefeller, Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Width 1598 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/3854/archive/files/3d825011fe6f587e395efecfcf85e5f8.jpg?Expires=1774483200&Signature=AxMChCxsxfr3RXYtzq4om%7EAGe6kx7dYmlaWQ5AhiqGg-bDmvPqx3wiU0xbP%7Ei%7ETdxVaAQKyKcE%7Eob4OP0moxAkyMM7gSF1rKsIJUp3OVmiWHVE7L9tbrA%7ElLkgmlv6bhqfSX23txpy%7E0ivX5or6llkfXFA96HOvMIPPMPxkyS-qKEYGNyeeq6PhnDmGYXOc41zatOa1oP4ABSfEcSxF9Bd6t4v0%7Ei-iALl-HIpqkZp51iuLsOPr%7EcSgn4GZIw76-UmCQottIaPdAH3moSak-iHzXMen%7EHvB3L6u7LFgYmlR61yknSLvSM9J5Czhgc4AofnUeKEPcLkazx1nLIDxvFw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 4830bef9c98ad3e4269374b26518dc0f Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. 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Rockefeller, Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Width 1636 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Selections from the Postcard Collection Description An account of the resource The Postcard Collection housed at the John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library consists of postcards of Williamsburg and surrounding areas dating from the late 19th-century to the present. It includes examples of early postcards of the town prior to its restoration by John D. Rockefeller Jr. In addition, it encompasses many examples of official postcards produced by Colonial Williamsburg for tourists. A smaller number of postcards of neighboring historic sites, such as Jamestown and Yorktown, are also present. The selections included here are primarily vintage postcards of Colonial Williamsburg and surrounding tourist attractions ranging in date from 1898 to the 1950s. Early cards in the collection illustrate a range of common postcard types and reproduction techniques. The history of the postcard's development as a souvenir, as well as the growth of tourism in Williamsburg, can be traced via Colonial Williamsburg's Postcard Collection. During what is known as the Pioneer Era from 1870-1898, the first form of postcard, featuring an illustration on one side and an undivided back on the other, did not allow the sender to include a note, unless it was written across a portion of the image on the front. The majority of pioneering postcard formats served as advertisements up until the 1893 Columbia Exposition, when postcards first appeared as souvenirs for Exposition visitors to purchase. The Private Mailing Card Era from 1898-1901 is characterized by cards printed with the notice "Private Mailing Card Authorized by Act of Congress on May 19, 1898." Backs of the cards remained undivided and purchasers could mail the cards for a cost of one cent. Several examples of postcards from this era are present in the collection. They include some of the earliest instances of souvenir cards created to promote Williamsburg historic sites, such as the Courthouse, Bruton Parish Church, the Powder Magazine, and the Capitol site. European rather than American printers created many of these postcards due to their superb skills. Chromo-lithograph cards of this era exhibit extremely rich colors. By the time the Jamestown Exposition took place in 1907, postcard production had entered the Divided Back Era, which continued until 1915. Modified postcard backs offered a segment on the left side for senders to pen a brief message. Production of cards gradually shifted to more American printers. The Jamestown Exposition provided a strong impetus for promotion of other historic sites that attendees might also stop at along the way. A series of postcards commemorating Williamsburg area historic sites in conjunction with the 1907 celebration are excellent examples of very early divided back cards. The Early Modern Era between 1916-1930 led to an increase in production of souvenir cards relating to the Williamsburg area. One type of format popular in this period is the "White Border Card" characterized by a view surrounded with a white border. Real photo cards also began to appear that featured photographs, rather than prints, of local surroundings. In the era before Colonial Williamsburg operated official gift shops, tourists counted on the Cole News Shop as their source for maps, postcards, travel guides, and souvenirs. Mr. Henry Dennison Cole served as the proprietor. His business stood on the site of the present day Taliaferro-Cole Shop. He produced his own postcards of historic sites in the area being restored by the Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities and other groups of preservation minded citizens. Several examples of cards published by the Cole Shop can be found in the collection and offer a glimpse of attractions popular with early 20th-century tourists, such as the old Masonic Hall and Custis Kitchen. Once Colonial Williamsburg opened a core group of exhibition buildings to the public in the early 1930s, a new era dawned in which the museum began production of official postcards as souvenirs for visitors. Photographs by F.S. Lincoln, an architectural photographer hired on a contract basis in 1935 to take some of the first promotional photos of Colonial Williamsburg exhibition buildings, appeared on a number of real photo postcards issued in the late 1930s. Both examples of postcards bearing his photos, as well as his actual photograph collection, reside at the Rockefeller Library. The Albertype Company of Brooklyn, New York, produced one of the earliest official postcard series highlighting Colonial Williamsburg exhibition buildings, costumed interpreters, Williamsburg Inn and Lodge, and Merchants Square. In addition to holding numerous examples of Albertype cards, the Rockefeller Library also houses the corresponding photographic prints used to generate the postcards. Albertype cards are characterized by sepia toned images that show exterior and interior views of exhibition buildings, as well as some of the earliest scenes of African Americans in costume demonstrating colonial cooking techniques. For further information about Williamsburg postcards, please consult: Preacher, Kristopher J. "Williamsburg in Vintage Postcards." Charleston: Arcadia Publishing, 2002. Reisweber, Kurt. "Williamsburg in Old Post Cards." Colonial Williamsburg XXI, No.2, (June/July 1999): 52-57. Subject The topic of the resource Postcards - Virginia - Williamsburg Souvenirs (Keepsakes) - Virginia - Williamsburg - Pictorial works Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Postcard Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image. 3 x 5 inches Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Williamsburg, Virginia: Colonial Coach at the Gates of the Governor's Palace Subject The topic of the resource Governor's Palace (Williamsburg, Va.) Block 20. Building 03. Albertype Co. Carriages & coaches - Virginia - Williamsburg Description An account of the resource Recto and verso of Colonial Williamsburg postcard published by The Albertype Co. in the 1930s. It features a horse-drawn carriage positioned in front of the entrance gate of the Governor's Palace. The east Advance Building is visible in the background. The Albertype Co. of Brooklyn, NY produced some of the earliest official postcards for Colonial Williamsburg. This one promoted the newly reconstructed Governor's Palace after it opened as an exhibition building on April 22, 1934. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Albertype Co. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource ca. 1930s Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This material is protected by copyright law (Title 17, U.S. Code). For reproduction queries: <a href="http://research.history.org/JDRLibrary/Visual_Resources/VisualResourcePermission.cfm">Rights and reproductions</a> Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Postcard Collection Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context AV-2002-09-05-R Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Advance Buildings Albertype Company Carriages Coaches Coachmen Gates Governor's Palace Horses Postcards https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/3854/archive/files/6f38bf950f89c85d9af95fa3a771626d.jpg?Expires=1774483200&Signature=sUcS0qg77toF3gsBNjDD33f37AijAIyyUOYZR3UgHKbIi12ME6NLTAWq4DOcLsyTdLFOP7pG1LTFwS3bV4%7E1qxRR5QVn8E8n1%7E6CfKG6FuuiQFFBehbyNOS7Otm24xLRPWvrsE7dBVwjoQBw9%7EAb4ZfYaTJNkrt2xyIKPn8tpP-NVgeTYS9juEDCB9Po91h7O4IMJVns9KV5xuNTEFdcemfycbLnXkaZ9zQKtdto6sYL18ULSqBf0cbgu0nd9qT1oApABINXxuRPwX%7Ed7F2y-XrK7xvsdN4wfm-NiTjmNXnIfQsyCvufYcd-rGhgs2%7Enxgb6ea5pUyR8nuUFBflOFA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 468312a50a5231539b2e26b0d7b2a5a1 Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. 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Rockefeller, Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Width 1612 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/3854/archive/files/b2eaa9630f7d36dc0c47bc42c49cb8b3.jpg?Expires=1774483200&Signature=P0hg1cCJGCZLWbgMBsThvizsEKvEvpqGxDAjrPi7gqeSOHFXDaCEGonUJwEC7Bplp9dV62yB0SM8XbNRUQsxbAkFUHGKwdVE6UqvWsBsUcvhR4FGo6wEHS3zHPUAgjDfKvTbsxldPw-1aIBKCFAQBWenJGXhS5e2xGhb0oPAgcG565AIG%7EuJxJ-tMkv-eplsdtlG2UyvRa3JKX9NHaP8M3Tfvy-CT37VLA%7E49cSE4PPFFVPQoCy6QU8FUvvGeKjmIGU8WkycYUwjoOQ3QOv4IblbnFa4WFZ0wEBdLsPXvRZGVmKcuqxRwn5k206xBboWSSdel756-Q6T0O%7EN0u7NDg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 9ef81609db0edbc3107d16e594dd2792 Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. 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Rockefeller, Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Width 1615 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Selections from the Postcard Collection Description An account of the resource The Postcard Collection housed at the John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library consists of postcards of Williamsburg and surrounding areas dating from the late 19th-century to the present. It includes examples of early postcards of the town prior to its restoration by John D. Rockefeller Jr. In addition, it encompasses many examples of official postcards produced by Colonial Williamsburg for tourists. A smaller number of postcards of neighboring historic sites, such as Jamestown and Yorktown, are also present. The selections included here are primarily vintage postcards of Colonial Williamsburg and surrounding tourist attractions ranging in date from 1898 to the 1950s. Early cards in the collection illustrate a range of common postcard types and reproduction techniques. The history of the postcard's development as a souvenir, as well as the growth of tourism in Williamsburg, can be traced via Colonial Williamsburg's Postcard Collection. During what is known as the Pioneer Era from 1870-1898, the first form of postcard, featuring an illustration on one side and an undivided back on the other, did not allow the sender to include a note, unless it was written across a portion of the image on the front. The majority of pioneering postcard formats served as advertisements up until the 1893 Columbia Exposition, when postcards first appeared as souvenirs for Exposition visitors to purchase. The Private Mailing Card Era from 1898-1901 is characterized by cards printed with the notice "Private Mailing Card Authorized by Act of Congress on May 19, 1898." Backs of the cards remained undivided and purchasers could mail the cards for a cost of one cent. Several examples of postcards from this era are present in the collection. They include some of the earliest instances of souvenir cards created to promote Williamsburg historic sites, such as the Courthouse, Bruton Parish Church, the Powder Magazine, and the Capitol site. European rather than American printers created many of these postcards due to their superb skills. Chromo-lithograph cards of this era exhibit extremely rich colors. By the time the Jamestown Exposition took place in 1907, postcard production had entered the Divided Back Era, which continued until 1915. Modified postcard backs offered a segment on the left side for senders to pen a brief message. Production of cards gradually shifted to more American printers. The Jamestown Exposition provided a strong impetus for promotion of other historic sites that attendees might also stop at along the way. A series of postcards commemorating Williamsburg area historic sites in conjunction with the 1907 celebration are excellent examples of very early divided back cards. The Early Modern Era between 1916-1930 led to an increase in production of souvenir cards relating to the Williamsburg area. One type of format popular in this period is the "White Border Card" characterized by a view surrounded with a white border. Real photo cards also began to appear that featured photographs, rather than prints, of local surroundings. In the era before Colonial Williamsburg operated official gift shops, tourists counted on the Cole News Shop as their source for maps, postcards, travel guides, and souvenirs. Mr. Henry Dennison Cole served as the proprietor. His business stood on the site of the present day Taliaferro-Cole Shop. He produced his own postcards of historic sites in the area being restored by the Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities and other groups of preservation minded citizens. Several examples of cards published by the Cole Shop can be found in the collection and offer a glimpse of attractions popular with early 20th-century tourists, such as the old Masonic Hall and Custis Kitchen. Once Colonial Williamsburg opened a core group of exhibition buildings to the public in the early 1930s, a new era dawned in which the museum began production of official postcards as souvenirs for visitors. Photographs by F.S. Lincoln, an architectural photographer hired on a contract basis in 1935 to take some of the first promotional photos of Colonial Williamsburg exhibition buildings, appeared on a number of real photo postcards issued in the late 1930s. Both examples of postcards bearing his photos, as well as his actual photograph collection, reside at the Rockefeller Library. The Albertype Company of Brooklyn, New York, produced one of the earliest official postcard series highlighting Colonial Williamsburg exhibition buildings, costumed interpreters, Williamsburg Inn and Lodge, and Merchants Square. In addition to holding numerous examples of Albertype cards, the Rockefeller Library also houses the corresponding photographic prints used to generate the postcards. Albertype cards are characterized by sepia toned images that show exterior and interior views of exhibition buildings, as well as some of the earliest scenes of African Americans in costume demonstrating colonial cooking techniques. For further information about Williamsburg postcards, please consult: Preacher, Kristopher J. "Williamsburg in Vintage Postcards." Charleston: Arcadia Publishing, 2002. Reisweber, Kurt. "Williamsburg in Old Post Cards." Colonial Williamsburg XXI, No.2, (June/July 1999): 52-57. Subject The topic of the resource Postcards - Virginia - Williamsburg Souvenirs (Keepsakes) - Virginia - Williamsburg - Pictorial works Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Postcard Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image. 3 x 5 inches Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Richard Bland Tavern Subject The topic of the resource Wetherburn's Tavern (Williamsburg, Va.) Block 09. Building 31. Taverns - Virginia - Williamsburg Postcards - Virginia - Williamsburg Description An account of the resource Recto and verso of postcard featuring a drawing of the exterior of the Richard Bland Tavern publlished by The Collotype Co. Early visitors to Colonial Williamsburg could dine, lodge, and purchase souvenirs and antiques at the Richard Bland Tavern. This postcard formed part of a set that visitors most likely could find in the tavern gift shop. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource The Collotype Co. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource ca. 1930s Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This material is protected by copyright law (Title 17, U.S. Code). For reproduction queries: <a href="http://research.history.org/JDRLibrary/Visual_Resources/VisualResourcePermission.cfm">Rights and reproductions</a> Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Postcard Collection Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context AV2001-09-04-R Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Carriages Drawings Horses Postcards Richard Bland Tavern Taverns Virginia Wetherburn's Tavern Williamsburg https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/3854/archive/files/1eabfa94e985c9aeb8359381e5560583.tif?Expires=1774483200&Signature=t4ErTgWhw3L0kuxQLx4Ts8kX0zAnYTYFEd4eJ85WyvTEhkYoqQvPK3bdlyr2m2fQyfcZZ-1HOi2HAEsl0uiT3bE3-W-0uPOZCXpo68m3sbpOeGV36mau62yrKnW-njTvO62BAGiktBskyNjhTDWOmKBLbtrUnATngznUwY37pd97EeXW0ECmqn7GOJRBkt6yx-blODbcKFXTtatA7bWzZt4twAkmRAPyxJCF5Kj9AbpsaN1aw1mj5Vy9AILRoYpj7hKHvGuNXQiqYa7ST5rQGAJERo1kbVBMY58HSVFuj8gffvYJhcjvSEkXdU0BBJ1GV0LU7ru7bWLSWBkowYv9sw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 51707dd7711e1c8bc0f156dd7870124d Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. 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Title A name given to the resource Selections from the Postcard Collection Description An account of the resource The Postcard Collection housed at the John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library consists of postcards of Williamsburg and surrounding areas dating from the late 19th-century to the present. It includes examples of early postcards of the town prior to its restoration by John D. Rockefeller Jr. In addition, it encompasses many examples of official postcards produced by Colonial Williamsburg for tourists. A smaller number of postcards of neighboring historic sites, such as Jamestown and Yorktown, are also present. The selections included here are primarily vintage postcards of Colonial Williamsburg and surrounding tourist attractions ranging in date from 1898 to the 1950s. Early cards in the collection illustrate a range of common postcard types and reproduction techniques. The history of the postcard's development as a souvenir, as well as the growth of tourism in Williamsburg, can be traced via Colonial Williamsburg's Postcard Collection. During what is known as the Pioneer Era from 1870-1898, the first form of postcard, featuring an illustration on one side and an undivided back on the other, did not allow the sender to include a note, unless it was written across a portion of the image on the front. The majority of pioneering postcard formats served as advertisements up until the 1893 Columbia Exposition, when postcards first appeared as souvenirs for Exposition visitors to purchase. The Private Mailing Card Era from 1898-1901 is characterized by cards printed with the notice "Private Mailing Card Authorized by Act of Congress on May 19, 1898." Backs of the cards remained undivided and purchasers could mail the cards for a cost of one cent. Several examples of postcards from this era are present in the collection. They include some of the earliest instances of souvenir cards created to promote Williamsburg historic sites, such as the Courthouse, Bruton Parish Church, the Powder Magazine, and the Capitol site. European rather than American printers created many of these postcards due to their superb skills. Chromo-lithograph cards of this era exhibit extremely rich colors. By the time the Jamestown Exposition took place in 1907, postcard production had entered the Divided Back Era, which continued until 1915. Modified postcard backs offered a segment on the left side for senders to pen a brief message. Production of cards gradually shifted to more American printers. The Jamestown Exposition provided a strong impetus for promotion of other historic sites that attendees might also stop at along the way. A series of postcards commemorating Williamsburg area historic sites in conjunction with the 1907 celebration are excellent examples of very early divided back cards. The Early Modern Era between 1916-1930 led to an increase in production of souvenir cards relating to the Williamsburg area. One type of format popular in this period is the "White Border Card" characterized by a view surrounded with a white border. Real photo cards also began to appear that featured photographs, rather than prints, of local surroundings. In the era before Colonial Williamsburg operated official gift shops, tourists counted on the Cole News Shop as their source for maps, postcards, travel guides, and souvenirs. Mr. Henry Dennison Cole served as the proprietor. His business stood on the site of the present day Taliaferro-Cole Shop. He produced his own postcards of historic sites in the area being restored by the Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities and other groups of preservation minded citizens. Several examples of cards published by the Cole Shop can be found in the collection and offer a glimpse of attractions popular with early 20th-century tourists, such as the old Masonic Hall and Custis Kitchen. Once Colonial Williamsburg opened a core group of exhibition buildings to the public in the early 1930s, a new era dawned in which the museum began production of official postcards as souvenirs for visitors. Photographs by F.S. Lincoln, an architectural photographer hired on a contract basis in 1935 to take some of the first promotional photos of Colonial Williamsburg exhibition buildings, appeared on a number of real photo postcards issued in the late 1930s. Both examples of postcards bearing his photos, as well as his actual photograph collection, reside at the Rockefeller Library. The Albertype Company of Brooklyn, New York, produced one of the earliest official postcard series highlighting Colonial Williamsburg exhibition buildings, costumed interpreters, Williamsburg Inn and Lodge, and Merchants Square. In addition to holding numerous examples of Albertype cards, the Rockefeller Library also houses the corresponding photographic prints used to generate the postcards. Albertype cards are characterized by sepia toned images that show exterior and interior views of exhibition buildings, as well as some of the earliest scenes of African Americans in costume demonstrating colonial cooking techniques. For further information about Williamsburg postcards, please consult: Preacher, Kristopher J. "Williamsburg in Vintage Postcards." Charleston: Arcadia Publishing, 2002. Reisweber, Kurt. "Williamsburg in Old Post Cards." Colonial Williamsburg XXI, No.2, (June/July 1999): 52-57. Subject The topic of the resource Postcards - Virginia - Williamsburg Souvenirs (Keepsakes) - Virginia - Williamsburg - Pictorial works Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Postcard Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image. 5.5 x 3.5 inches Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Colonial Capitol of Virginia, Williamsburg, Virginia Subject The topic of the resource Capitol (Williamsburg, Va.) Block 08. Building 11. Public buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg Historic buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg Postcards - Virginia - Williamsburg Description An account of the resource Postcard depicting a horse-drawn carriage passing by the reconstructed Capitol at Colonial Williamsburg, produced by The Albertype Company, Brooklyn, NY, and published by John A. Luttrell, Williamsburg, VA, ca. 1930s. The caption reads: "The Colonial Capitol of Virginia, Williamsburg, Virginia. This is an authentic reconstruction of the Capitol of the Virginia Colony which was erected in 1705. Here many of the acts and resolutions were adopted which brough about the American Revolution. Here Patrick Henry made his Caesar-Brutus speech. The building has been rebuilt upon its original foundations and is open to the public." Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Albertype Co. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available John A. Luttrell Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource ca. 1930s Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This material is protected by copyright law (Title 17, U.S. Code). For reproduction queries: <a href="http://research.history.org/JDRLibrary/Visual_Resources/VisualResourcePermission.cfm">Rights and reproductions</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context AV-2000-02-88-R Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Albertype Company Capitol Carriages Costumed Interpreters Horses John A. Luttrell Paper Mulberry Trees Postcards Public Buildings Virginia Williamsburg https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/3854/archive/files/dd155dd096792c28805e6b834513917e.jpg?Expires=1774483200&Signature=J52YWeYF6Gn8OKz0KqqBSl5k6yJaHZevtgLSF-LngS4K5phQiuaL%7E9QoXayPbcFU8MWgu92MV7IFKKXsRtcy30FoZRWWTfsbu%7ESJW-uPqw1scnF14Z%7EqyE1x9WEcEY6BF1e3sksMlMeCXUuegnZLS3bfWLQTqHgXXUBQps1Ma0Qoytr-0orX1dhfaWF-PTF1t11lq1bk4QUTNOIFmI9S9PIRIkI1JkGWsfPKbbIZwO1ElQj-lMpqY8Np7Zz3jfTmQpMbmMf2v8r%7EU4wQ1Z7yHC4BCtUNnp7Yq3hVDi7D8xvbxvGk1OJHi%7EVOHE36QbNOu9rlpn7upiN7%7EBFfewEMhA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM d8552bb3a548a6c46b02abd28ed522c7 Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 Height 670 Width 1024 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource An Architect of the Restoration: The Pencil Sketches of Thomas Mott Shaw, F.A.I.A. Description An account of the resource BIOGRAPHY OF THOMAS MOTT SHAW, F.A.I.A. Thomas Mott Shaw is best known as one of the founding partners and principal architects of the prominent Boston architectural firm Perry, Shaw, and Hepburn, which John D. Rockefeller Jr. hired in 1928 to design, plan, and supervise the groundbreaking historical restoration of Williamsburg, the former eighteenth-century capitol of Virginia. Born in 1878 in Newport, Rhode Island, Thomas Mott Shaw received a bachelor’s degree from Harvard in 1900 and continued his education at the atelier (workshop) of Jean-Louis Pascal at the Ècole des Beaux-Arts in Paris from 1900 to 1905.[1] After graduation in 1905, he began working in Boston as a draftsman in the office of Guy Lowell, a prominent American architect and landscape architect who designed the Boston Museum of Fine Arts, as well as numerous other public, commercial, academic, and private buildings and spaces, including many distinguished estates and gardens.[2] Shaw’s connections to Lowell were presumably academic in nature, as Lowell was a former Harvard alumnus who also studied under Pascal at the Ècole, where he graduated just one year before Shaw.[3] In 1908, Shaw left Lowell’s employ and opened his own architectural practice, which he pursued until 1916.[4] During the First World War, he served as a first lieutenant in the 489th Aero Squadron of the American Expeditionary Forces (AEF).[5] He was stationed at the U.S. Army’s Air Service Production center at Romorantin, France, where he worked with the Air Service Construction Division #2. During this time, he helped design and build air fields, assembly plants for the fabrication of American aircraft, and barracks for military personnel.[6] After the war, Shaw returned to the United States and partnered with Andrew H. Hepburn, an MIT graduate and practicing architect who had also worked under Guy Lowell.[7] The two men founded an architectural firm under the name of Shaw and Hepburn, which they managed together from 1918 to 1923.[8] When architect William G. Perry (another alumnus of Harvard, MIT, and the Ècole, as well as a former WWI Army Air Corps captain[9]) joined the partnership in 1923, the firm’s name changed to Perry, Shaw, and Hepburn.[10] In January 1927, William Perry (representing his partners Shaw and Hepburn) was invited by Reverend William A. R. Goodwin (the rector of Bruton Parish Church in Williamsburg) to produce drawings of Williamsburg as it may have looked in the eighteenth century.[11] Goodwin planned to submit the renderings to an unnamed donor who was interested in restoring the town to its former eighteenth-century appearance.[12] Shaw noted: “I worked on those drawings. We all did. We all worked on them (just like a projet in the Ècole des Beaux-Arts) to get them out.” [13] In late November 1927, after spending eleven months working pro bono[14] on a series of illustrations detailing the prospective restoration of the town and the College of William and Mary’s Wren Building, Perry submitted the firm’s drawings to Reverend Goodwin to deliver to his anonymous benefactor for consideration.[15] Soon after reviewing the architects’ work, Goodwin’s patron decided to begin funding the restoration of Williamsburg, and by early December 1927, the firm of Perry, Shaw, and Hepburn was approved “'to proceed with work on [the] Wren Building’ and reconstruction of the colonial Capitol and Governor’s Palace.”[16] It was not until April 1928, however, that the architects finally learned the identity of the secretive individual funding the endeavor.[17] The three men were summoned to New York for a meeting, where Goodwin introduced them to the wealthy businessman and philanthropist, John D. Rockefeller Jr.[18] After meeting the architects in person and discussing the project with them over lunch, Rockefeller decided that he liked what he had seen and heard. On 1 April 1928,[19] he “assigned overall ‘authority and responsibility’” of Williamsburg’s building and restoration to Perry, Shaw, and Hepburn.[20] Soon thereafter, the architects set up a small office in Williamsburg near Bruton Parish Church to manage the project.[21] The architects “soon found that drawing plans was only a minor part of the [project]. The hard part was finding out what kind of plans should be drawn.”[22] Consequently, they organized a staff of historical researchers to assist them in their efforts to restore and rebuild Williamsburg’s eighteenth-century structures as authentically as possible. “Very early in the project, [the architects] decided to establish the highest possible standards for the job. ‘Nothing was ever done without a good reason,’ Shaw once stated. ‘If there were no documented reasons for doing a particular thing, we didn’t do it.’”[23] Perry, Shaw, and Hepburn’s dedication to the ideals of historic preservation at Williamsburg also paralleled a larger “preservation fever” that was sweeping the nation in the 1920s, called the Colonial Revival.[24] “Historic preservation formed the core of the Colonial Revival, a social and stylistic mindset that peaked during the 1920s [25]…fueled by the usual turmoil – a world war, the Bolshevik Revolution, the Red Scare, and another spike in immigration, all of which increased the nostalgia for the good old colonial days.[26] ….Creating museums from historic buildings became a preferred philanthropy for the wealthy…and John D. Rockefeller Jr. launched the single largest preservation project the country had seen: Colonial Williamsburg.” [27] In the wake of the stock market crash of 1929 and the subsequent national economic collapse of the Great Depression, the fervor of the movement waned, as “only the wealthiest could afford to indulge in antiques, art, and architectural restoration.”[28] As one of the wealthiest men in the country, however, John D. Rockefeller Jr. was one of the few people who could indeed afford to finance his interests in the Colonial Revival. Despite the economic strife of the times, Rockefeller’s infusion of funds into Williamsburg not only helped support the research and restoration of this sleepy southern town back to its former eighteenth-century appearance as the colonial capitol of Virginia, but also provided Williamsburg with much-needed jobs during the worst years of the Depression. By the late 1930s, Rockefeller’s restoration had positioned the town as an architectural and cultural cornerstone of the Colonial Revival movement, fueled Colonial Revival sentiments in spite of the nation’s social and economic woes, and established Williamsburg as a pioneering example of historical preservation relating to the nation’s colonial and revolutionary past. In time, Thomas Mott Shaw was eventually “placed on [a] consulting basis” with Williamsburg’s Restoration “when an architectural department was established by Colonial Williamsburg” on 1 October 1934.[29] In 1938, Shaw was recognized by the American Institute of Architects for his work on the Williamsburg Inn, “chosen for its excellency of design wedded to the sensitive appreciation of location.”[30] He was awarded the Institute’s Bronze Medal of Honor, the highest award given to a practicing architect in the country.[31] In 1939, Shaw was placed on an annual retainer with the Restoration, though he continued working as a consultant for Colonial Williamsburg on various design and restoration projects. After a long and accomplished career, Thomas Mott Shaw died on 17 February 1965.[32] THE THOMAS MOTT SHAW COLLECTION This collection consists of thirty-four graphite and mixed media sketches drawn by architect Thomas Mott Shaw during the restoration of Colonial Williamsburg from the late 1920s through 1930s, depicting various architectural exteriors and interiors of historic buildings in and around Colonial Williamsburg’s Historic Area. It is not known precisely why these drawings were created – whether for in-house or external purposes by Perry, Shaw, and Hepburn, for Colonial Williamsburg’s staff or other interested parties, or perhaps even for Shaw’s own personal use – but they have since become historically important artifacts and images of Williamsburg’s Restoration period. These illustrations take us back in time to the early days of Williamsburg as a reconstructed historic site and living history museum, capturing views that offer interesting opportunities for insight and reflection into the early research, planning, design, building, and restoration of the town’s landscape, architecture, and character as Virginia’s eighteenth-century colonial capitol. The earliest sketch in this collection, drawn in 1928, features the Bracken Tenement (also known as the Bracken House) on Francis Street, which was one of the first buildings to be restored in Williamsburg by Perry, Shaw, and Hepburn[33] in 1928.[34] The latest sketch, drawn in 1938, depicts a proposed addition to the Williamsburg Inn which was never built. Otherwise, the majority of the drawings – thirty-two in number – were completed in 1933. In the fall of 1944, Shaw offered this collection of thirty-four sketches to the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation “for use in connection with publicity or any other purpose you would like to use them for.”[35] Upon review of the sketches, Colonial Williamsburg’s staff accepted them, stating: “These sketches are something which we definitely should have in our archives….Mr. Shaw has done them from photographs and that in this respect they are not such creative work as might be done on location without the use of photographs….We have not undertaken to determine how best they can be utilized but there are several possibilities which we should like to explore further.”[36] Though the sketches were thought to be “very good” and might be used in various ways,[37] Colonial Williamsburg’s staff chiefly appreciated the drawings for their “sentimental appeal by virtue of Mr. Shaw’s connection with Colonial Williamsburg”[38] and “the fact that they are the handiwork of Mr. Shaw, which…will make them quite valuable to Colonial Williamsburg in the future.”[39] Shaw’s sketches were purchased and accepted into the research archives of Colonial Williamsburg’s Architectural Department between November 1945 and January 1946. These drawings are now part of the Architectural Drawings Collection in the Special Collections wing of the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation’s John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library. While a separate collection of Shaw’s personal papers and drawings also reside within the Smithsonian Institution’s Archives of American Art in Washington, D.C.,[40] the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation is proud to possess the majority of Mr. Shaw’s drawings and correspondence associated with his meticulous and pioneering work on Williamsburg’s restoration. ENDNOTES [1] George H. Yetter, “Thomas Mott Shaw, F.A.I.A., 1878-1965” unpublished biography, Thomas Mott Shaw research folder, Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation (Williamsburg, Va.: The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation). [2] Ibid. [3] Henry F. Withey and Elsie Rathburn Withey, Biographical Dictionary of American Architects [Deceased] (Los Angeles: Hennessey &amp; Ingalls, Inc., 1970), 381-382. [4] Yetter, “Thomas Mott Shaw, F.A.I.A., 1878-1965.” [5] George H. Yetter, handwritten notes compiled from Thomas Mott Shaw Papers (in Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution, gift of Sarah Quinan Shaw Johnson, Concord, Ma., 1975), Thomas Mott Shaw research folder, Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation (Williamsburg, Va.: The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation). [6] Ibid.; see also “Colonial Williamsburg Logbook” biographical sheet on Thomas Mott Shaw, dated 15 March 1947, Thomas Mott Shaw research folder, Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation (Williamsburg, Va.: The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation). [7] George H. Yetter, “Designers of Beauty: Academic Training and Williamsburg’s Architectural Restoration,” Colonial Williamsburg Journal (Winter 2012): 58. [8] Yetter, handwritten notes compiled from Thomas Mott Shaw Papers; see also “Colonial Williamsburg Logbook” biographical sheet. [9] Will Molineux, “The Architect of Colonial Williamsburg: William Graves Perry,” Colonial Williamsburg Journal (Autumn 2004), 61. [10] “Colonial Williamsburg Logbook” biographical sheet. [11] Fred Frechette, “Work on Restoration Started as ‘Bit of Fun,’” Richmond Times-Dispatch (Richmond, Va.), 21 May 1956, page number unknown, Thomas Mott Shaw research folder, Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. [12] Yetter, “Thomas Mott Shaw, F.A.I.A., 1878-1965.” [13] Ibid. (T.M. Shaw quote excerpted from “Reminiscences of Thomas Mott Shaw,” Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Archives, Oral History Collection, 11), Thomas Mott Shaw research folder, Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation (Williamsburg, Va.: The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation). [14] Frechette, “Work on Restoration Started as ‘Bit of Fun.’” [15] George H. Yetter, “Thomas Mott Shaw” typewritten research notes, Thomas Mott Shaw research folder, Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation (Williamsburg, Va.: The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation). [16] Molineux, “The Architect of Colonial Williamsburg,” 63. [17] Ibid. [18] Ibid. [19] Yetter, “Thomas Mott Shaw” typewritten research notes. [20] Molineux, 63; see also Frechette, “Work on Restoration Started as ‘Bit of Fun.’” [21] Molineux, 63. [22] Frechette, “Work on Restoration Started as ‘Bit of Fun.’” [23] Ibid. [24] Mary Miley Theobald, “The Colonial Revival: The Past that Never Dies,” Colonial Williamsburg Journal (Summer 2002), 81. [25] Ibid., 81. [26] Ibid., 84. [27] Ibid., 81. [28] Ibid., 84. [29] Yetter, “Thomas Mott Shaw” typewritten research notes. [30] Frechette, “Work on Restoration Started as ‘Bit of Fun.’” [31] Ibid. [32] Yetter, “Thomas Mott Shaw, F.A.I.A., 1878-1965.” [33] Frechette, “Work on Restoration Started as ‘Bit of Fun.’” [34]Carl Lounsbury, “Bracken Tenement: Block 2, Building 52,” Colonial Williamsburg Foundation website, n.d., http://research.history.org/Architectural_Research/Research_Articles/ThemeBldgs/Bracken.cfm (accessed 5 May 2014). [35] Letter from Thomas Mott Shaw to Vernon Geddy of Williamsburg Restoration, Inc., 25 October 1944, Thomas Mott Shaw research folder, Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. [36] Staff memo from B.W. Norton to Vernon Geddy of Williamsburg Restoration, Inc., 1 November 1945, Thomas Mott Shaw research folder, Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. [37] Staff memo from J.A. Upshur to Kenneth Chorley of Williamsburg Restoration, Inc., 12 January 1946, Thomas Mott Shaw research folder, Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. [38] Ibid. [39] Ibid. [40] Letter from Michael A. Grimes (archivist, Smithsonian Institution, Archives of American Art) to George H. Yetter (Associate Curator of Architectural Drawings, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation), 2 August 1989, Thomas Mott Shaw research folder, Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING Chappell, Edward A. “Architects of Colonial Williamsburg” in Encyclopedia of Southern Culture, ed. by Charles Reagan Wilson, William R. Ferris, and Ann J. Adadie. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1989, 59-61. Greenspan, Anders. Creating Colonial Williamsburg: The Restoration of Virginia’s Eighteenth-Century Capitol. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 2002. Hosmer, Charles Bridgham, and National Trust for Historic Preservation in the United States. Preservation Comes of Age: From Williamsburg to the National Trust, 1926-1949, Vol. 1. Charlottesville: Published for the Preservation Press, National Trust for Historic Preservation in the United States by the University Press of Virginia, 1981. Kimball, Fiske, et al. The Restoration of Colonial Williamsburg in Virginia. New York: F.W. Dodge Corporation, 1935. Molineux, Will. “The Architect of Colonial Williamsburg: William Graves Perry,” Colonial Williamsburg Journal (August 2004): 58-65. Theobald, Mary Miley. “The Colonial Revival: The Past that Never Dies,” Colonial Williamsburg Journal (Summer 2002): 81-85. Yetter, George Humphrey. “Designers of Beauty: Academic Training and Williamsburg’s Architectural Restoration,” Colonial Williamsburg Journal (Winter 2012): 54-60. Yetter, George Humphrey. Williamsburg Before and After: The Rebirth of Virginia's Colonial Capital. Williamsburg, Va.: Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, 1988. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Graphite on paper Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image. 57 x 43 cm Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Brick Making (Pug Mill) Subject The topic of the resource Block 41. Brickmakers - Virginia - Williamsburg Brickmaking - Virginia - Williamsburg Description An account of the resource <p class="MsoListParagraph">View of Colonial Brickyard Company workmen filling brick molds with clay at the Todd and Brown Brickyard, located behind the Williamsburg Inn, 1933.<span>  </span>In the colonial period, clay was mixed and made pliant for brickmaking by adding water to clay pits and treading on it by foot.<span>  </span>During the restoration of Colonial Williamsburg, however, clay was mixed in a “pug mill,” an industrial technology that came into use by the mid-nineteenth century.<span>  </span>The pug mill (pictured as the tall, square, wood-paneled box under the lean-to) was powered by a horse or mule. The animal was harnessed and tethered to a long wooden lever, which connected to a vertical shaft within the pug mill.<span>  </span>As the animal circled around the mill, the rotation of the wooden lever turned the vertical shaft within the mill, which was outfitted with blades and served as a mixing paddle.<span>  </span>The paddle stirred and mixed the clay, while workmen periodically added water to the mixture to keep it at the right consistency for packing into brick molds (also known as clay molds).<span>  </span>Once packed into molds, the clay bricks were then removed and set in the sun to dry.<span>  </span>After a thorough drying process, bricks were fired in a brick kiln and allowed to cool, after which time they were ready for use.<span>  </span>This Todd and Brown Brickyard was set up in an open area behind the Williamsburg Inn, where bricks were fashioned for use for the early restoration and building of Williamsburg.<span>  </span>Today, the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation's colonial Brickyard is located on Nicholson Street, in the area behind the Peyton Randolph House and Cabinetmaker's Shop.</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">In the eighteenth century, "bricks used for buildings of the town were burned on or near the site and were laid in a coarse oyster-shell lime mortar. The gray-green glaze seen on some headers was imparted by burning the bricks in a kiln fired with oakwood. Only those bricks nearest the heat acquired the glazed surface. The use of bricks rubbed down to a smooth surface or to a molded profile was a favorite means of imparting finish to a building."</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast">(Source: <span> </span>A. Lawrence Kocher and Howard Dearstyne, <em>Colonial Williamsburg: Its Buildings and Gardens</em>, rev. ed. [Williamsburg, Va.: Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, 1961], 16).</p> Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Shaw, Thomas Mott Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1933 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 1933 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This material is protected by copyright law (Title 17, U.S. Code). For reproduction queries: <a href="http://research.history.org/JDRLibrary/Visual_Resources/VisualResourcePermission.cfm">Rights and reproductions</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context D2008-COPY-1014-1008 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation African Americans Brick Molds Brickmakers Brickmaking Bricks Brickyards Clay Clay Molds Colonial Architecture Colonial Brickyard Company Horses Men Mules Pug Mills Thomas Mott Shaw Todd and Brown Brickyard Virginia Williamsburg Williamsburg Inn Workers Workmen