2 20 206 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/3854/archive/files/ebf7ea6a1a10626faebc4490bc3424c4.jpg?Expires=1776902400&Signature=Ll18%7EQIzwSTMx0xQ7-lHlyXMVl5csjhjp1KOvIcD1fcx%7EskHVMlfyv6tbZKmYxfjadMPet6NwzFlJKSFdkNAiQ-9v3DWwcMTvJO5KmROPiwom-jyxh2RacD2ZKb-kK6x7hxGkdv9n%7EnLA%7EJoht2J9g%7EkkcfjOr0isHC85mnRpqmRZleYFscCU6RiZrrrEmYT3P94SJ3ySJjv03KtHiizSssyTuyq6VASozlXIWW0AgbFINy3awpxNYyr5%7Ehap3ZwRD3MYwnLX-OAVZWsCYcS1z7hfcJ7-3SiWFT5Ly4sbghTa7LLGDZBVMHWNoEbhEw-bUPXHpnb6l6uIwYeWZ0EhQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 4be5d9679e59397e229eef119c3456d7 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Architectural Photo Albums Collection Description An account of the resource The Williamsburg office of architects Perry, Shaw and Hepburn began compiling this extensive collection of 367 boxes of black and white photographs in a series of photo albums in the late 1920s and early 1930s. After the establishment of a Department of Architecture in 1934, the architectural team continued to add photographs to the albums until the 1980s. Together, they comprise a detailed chronological record of the changes that have occurred over time at each site in the Historic Area, ranging from pre-restoration views and archaeological excavations to restoration or reconstruction progress, landscaping installation, completion, and renovation photographs. Contract photographers Thomas Layton and Frank Nivison took many of the earliest images of the restoration work. Layton, a photographer who operated a studio at 507 E. Broad Street in Richmond, Virginia, worked for the restoration between 1928 and 1930 creating periodic photo documentation of work at the Wren Building, Capitol, Raleigh Tavern, and Ludwell-Paradise House, as well as many pre-restoration views of sites throughout the Historic Area. Frank Nivison, a photographer from the University Film Foundation at Harvard University, took over in late 1930 and spent the next five years meticulously photographing each successive stage of work at sites under reconstruction or restoration. Photos by Layton and Nivison are supplemented by images of pre-restoration Williamsburg that the architects collected from town residents and had copied for research use in the photo albums. They include images taken by Clyde Holmes, D.N. Davidson, and Edward Beckwith. In addition, the albums encompass some photographs taken by members of the architectural team, including Landscape Architect Arthur Shurcliff and Interior Designer Susan Higginson Nash. Post-1930s photos within the albums encompass those taken by official Colonial Williamsburg photographers such as Thomas Williams, Loring J. Turner, Dan Spangler, Chuck Kagey, and Steve Toth to document the continuing evolution of architectural and archaeological investigations and restoration work at each site. The collection is organized according to the Foundation’s in-house Block and Building System. Initial folders on properties identify the various names associated with buildings through time. Some houses have been known by a succession of names and, in most instances, are now called by the builder’s name or that of the most famous occupant. In some instances, the images are the first generation master prints, and notes on backs of photographs sometimes identify the people shown and describe what is shown—especially in those documenting archaeological excavations. Usually, the Foundation’s archaeological drawings (also in the Library’s Special Collections Section) show the exact positions and directions from which certain shots were made. Evolution of the work of restoration and reconstruction can be followed chronologically in most instances, although the collection has not been expanded since its transfer from the Architectural Research Department in the 1980s. Images of Carter’s Grove Plantation are included due to its ownership by the Foundation until sale in the early twenty-first century. Van Cortlandt Manor, in Westchester Co., New York is also documented due to its acquisition by John D. Rockefeller, Jr. in 1953. The restoration there was carried out by architects from Colonial Williamsburg and the Foundation’s drawing files contain the plans for this work. The house today is a National Historic Landmark belonging to Historic Hudson Valley. Following the portion concerning Williamsburg’s Historic Area buildings are a series of notebooks identified by subject. Topics included are: aerial views of the Historic Area from 1925 - 1956, Williamsburg street views, architectural details, Williamsburg Shopping Center, mantels (salvaged models bought in early restoration), 18th-c. theaters, Kingsmill, H. Avery Tipping’s English Houses, and Johannes Kip engravings (bird’s-eye views of English country houses). Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Architectural Photo Albums Collection, AV2013.2 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Subject The topic of the resource Williamsburg (Va.) - Photographs Williamsburg (Va.) - Buildings, structures, etc. Photograph albums Architecture, Colonial - Virginia - Williamsburg Historic buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg Public buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg Architecture, Domestic - Virginia - Williamsburg Extent The size or duration of the resource. 367 boxes Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Gelatin silver print mounted on linen Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image. 8 x 10 inches Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource Detail view of mechanical systems in the basement of the Williamsburg Inn, Williamsburg, Virginia. Subject The topic of the resource Block 02. Building 65. Williamsburg Inn (Williamsburg, Va.) Hotels - Virginia - Williamsburg Title A name given to the resource Basement Utilities, Williamsburg Inn Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1949 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Architectural Photo Albums Collection, AV2013.2, Box 26, Folder 1 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Extent The size or duration of the resource. 1 photograph Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 49-W-1229 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. Basements Mechanical Systems Virginia Williamsburg Williamsburg Inn https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/3854/archive/files/e22cd889145177c97f59b1569395316e.jpg?Expires=1776902400&Signature=Zgnu19xNtHU8hUq3MI8PVTsvM%7Et60LtHc8Qi6O0-BzqxwId8zxFmQIf1ZFn6uaE2sFtIUIXIdrXekXQdnPPW2C3lTXmiDDIwg1LgdJDkmpRIHj8UxW%7ECG2IJ-QCkq3Ceh2Vd8lkaKGrLIZXMQpcSdm8G6yQI0PZ%7Ecsdq4IvezN9kzFbxT2jKnAEXGSbMGJw75EKtsM8RY3rJvO89nxwmk8DxkTIR1UcKioR2juPK1Cg2ZGeoSEsqQRde8zESvKM-RnZ2J-euT5BlYFHZA7amko5lAOsT%7EYWn%7EuR0wg8gGHXsdxGfDOWOAHdzlgZidSW1-FC9AZhtYY8ODl-H7Vpahg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM f55611f52f303774fe724a86b5de18f8 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Architectural Photo Albums Collection Description An account of the resource The Williamsburg office of architects Perry, Shaw and Hepburn began compiling this extensive collection of 367 boxes of black and white photographs in a series of photo albums in the late 1920s and early 1930s. After the establishment of a Department of Architecture in 1934, the architectural team continued to add photographs to the albums until the 1980s. Together, they comprise a detailed chronological record of the changes that have occurred over time at each site in the Historic Area, ranging from pre-restoration views and archaeological excavations to restoration or reconstruction progress, landscaping installation, completion, and renovation photographs. Contract photographers Thomas Layton and Frank Nivison took many of the earliest images of the restoration work. Layton, a photographer who operated a studio at 507 E. Broad Street in Richmond, Virginia, worked for the restoration between 1928 and 1930 creating periodic photo documentation of work at the Wren Building, Capitol, Raleigh Tavern, and Ludwell-Paradise House, as well as many pre-restoration views of sites throughout the Historic Area. Frank Nivison, a photographer from the University Film Foundation at Harvard University, took over in late 1930 and spent the next five years meticulously photographing each successive stage of work at sites under reconstruction or restoration. Photos by Layton and Nivison are supplemented by images of pre-restoration Williamsburg that the architects collected from town residents and had copied for research use in the photo albums. They include images taken by Clyde Holmes, D.N. Davidson, and Edward Beckwith. In addition, the albums encompass some photographs taken by members of the architectural team, including Landscape Architect Arthur Shurcliff and Interior Designer Susan Higginson Nash. Post-1930s photos within the albums encompass those taken by official Colonial Williamsburg photographers such as Thomas Williams, Loring J. Turner, Dan Spangler, Chuck Kagey, and Steve Toth to document the continuing evolution of architectural and archaeological investigations and restoration work at each site. The collection is organized according to the Foundation’s in-house Block and Building System. Initial folders on properties identify the various names associated with buildings through time. Some houses have been known by a succession of names and, in most instances, are now called by the builder’s name or that of the most famous occupant. In some instances, the images are the first generation master prints, and notes on backs of photographs sometimes identify the people shown and describe what is shown—especially in those documenting archaeological excavations. Usually, the Foundation’s archaeological drawings (also in the Library’s Special Collections Section) show the exact positions and directions from which certain shots were made. Evolution of the work of restoration and reconstruction can be followed chronologically in most instances, although the collection has not been expanded since its transfer from the Architectural Research Department in the 1980s. Images of Carter’s Grove Plantation are included due to its ownership by the Foundation until sale in the early twenty-first century. Van Cortlandt Manor, in Westchester Co., New York is also documented due to its acquisition by John D. Rockefeller, Jr. in 1953. The restoration there was carried out by architects from Colonial Williamsburg and the Foundation’s drawing files contain the plans for this work. The house today is a National Historic Landmark belonging to Historic Hudson Valley. Following the portion concerning Williamsburg’s Historic Area buildings are a series of notebooks identified by subject. Topics included are: aerial views of the Historic Area from 1925 - 1956, Williamsburg street views, architectural details, Williamsburg Shopping Center, mantels (salvaged models bought in early restoration), 18th-c. theaters, Kingsmill, H. Avery Tipping’s English Houses, and Johannes Kip engravings (bird’s-eye views of English country houses). Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Architectural Photo Albums Collection, AV2013.2 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Subject The topic of the resource Williamsburg (Va.) - Photographs Williamsburg (Va.) - Buildings, structures, etc. Photograph albums Architecture, Colonial - Virginia - Williamsburg Historic buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg Public buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg Architecture, Domestic - Virginia - Williamsburg Extent The size or duration of the resource. 367 boxes Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Gelatin silver print mounted on linen Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image. 8 x 10 inches Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource Detail view of mechanical systems in the basement of the Williamsburg Inn, Williamsburg, Virginia. Subject The topic of the resource Block 02. Building 65. Williamsburg Inn (Williamsburg, Va.) Hotels - Virginia - Williamsburg Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Williams, Thomas Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1949 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Architectural Photo Albums Collection, AV2013.2, Box 26, Folder 1 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1949-W-1230 Title A name given to the resource Basement Utilities, Williamsburg Inn Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Extent The size or duration of the resource. 1 photograph Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. Basements Mechanical Systems Thomas Williams Virginia Williamsburg Williamsburg Inn https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/3854/archive/files/6981db3c59fc463416777f5bd482d15b.jpg?Expires=1776902400&Signature=cQ50kp1NbXpfLkL60AF8udAfpgXrkFNQZeAvxw%7ExRm3ioF%7E7hB7jJFH-NNDayWiJxiD7e7F1kUdEgooh%7EflrhiRpRYvVwgvcEom4cKxosI-aXk5iN1SaWflHq53HvgPO8vW03swHJSovmcq6i78DQZyi2YUSRe6E0S-SjgzEZ65a-Hn7XCGpkj8r6PUrLLYvyIMKuomxYISRm4JN-NZiXioq477NX45KmbOJLyWy1cEbl-wMXaYFIcrYdy-56StENcWpvDsQRtHu2UcDDk-jXpPQJi-ywBcdIVoiX7ruHR4hhsX7nQKZ6VO0iiukr-uhgwgCV5ja16UZyOtk1tckQg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 2081c0be36b69af327a0677a25da865e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Architectural Photo Albums Collection Description An account of the resource The Williamsburg office of architects Perry, Shaw and Hepburn began compiling this extensive collection of 367 boxes of black and white photographs in a series of photo albums in the late 1920s and early 1930s. After the establishment of a Department of Architecture in 1934, the architectural team continued to add photographs to the albums until the 1980s. Together, they comprise a detailed chronological record of the changes that have occurred over time at each site in the Historic Area, ranging from pre-restoration views and archaeological excavations to restoration or reconstruction progress, landscaping installation, completion, and renovation photographs. Contract photographers Thomas Layton and Frank Nivison took many of the earliest images of the restoration work. Layton, a photographer who operated a studio at 507 E. Broad Street in Richmond, Virginia, worked for the restoration between 1928 and 1930 creating periodic photo documentation of work at the Wren Building, Capitol, Raleigh Tavern, and Ludwell-Paradise House, as well as many pre-restoration views of sites throughout the Historic Area. Frank Nivison, a photographer from the University Film Foundation at Harvard University, took over in late 1930 and spent the next five years meticulously photographing each successive stage of work at sites under reconstruction or restoration. Photos by Layton and Nivison are supplemented by images of pre-restoration Williamsburg that the architects collected from town residents and had copied for research use in the photo albums. They include images taken by Clyde Holmes, D.N. Davidson, and Edward Beckwith. In addition, the albums encompass some photographs taken by members of the architectural team, including Landscape Architect Arthur Shurcliff and Interior Designer Susan Higginson Nash. Post-1930s photos within the albums encompass those taken by official Colonial Williamsburg photographers such as Thomas Williams, Loring J. Turner, Dan Spangler, Chuck Kagey, and Steve Toth to document the continuing evolution of architectural and archaeological investigations and restoration work at each site. The collection is organized according to the Foundation’s in-house Block and Building System. Initial folders on properties identify the various names associated with buildings through time. Some houses have been known by a succession of names and, in most instances, are now called by the builder’s name or that of the most famous occupant. In some instances, the images are the first generation master prints, and notes on backs of photographs sometimes identify the people shown and describe what is shown—especially in those documenting archaeological excavations. Usually, the Foundation’s archaeological drawings (also in the Library’s Special Collections Section) show the exact positions and directions from which certain shots were made. Evolution of the work of restoration and reconstruction can be followed chronologically in most instances, although the collection has not been expanded since its transfer from the Architectural Research Department in the 1980s. Images of Carter’s Grove Plantation are included due to its ownership by the Foundation until sale in the early twenty-first century. Van Cortlandt Manor, in Westchester Co., New York is also documented due to its acquisition by John D. Rockefeller, Jr. in 1953. The restoration there was carried out by architects from Colonial Williamsburg and the Foundation’s drawing files contain the plans for this work. The house today is a National Historic Landmark belonging to Historic Hudson Valley. Following the portion concerning Williamsburg’s Historic Area buildings are a series of notebooks identified by subject. Topics included are: aerial views of the Historic Area from 1925 - 1956, Williamsburg street views, architectural details, Williamsburg Shopping Center, mantels (salvaged models bought in early restoration), 18th-c. theaters, Kingsmill, H. Avery Tipping’s English Houses, and Johannes Kip engravings (bird’s-eye views of English country houses). Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Architectural Photo Albums Collection, AV2013.2 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Subject The topic of the resource Williamsburg (Va.) - Photographs Williamsburg (Va.) - Buildings, structures, etc. Photograph albums Architecture, Colonial - Virginia - Williamsburg Historic buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg Public buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg Architecture, Domestic - Virginia - Williamsburg Extent The size or duration of the resource. 367 boxes Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Gelatin silver print Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image. 8 x 10 inches Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource Detail view of mechanical systems in the basement of the Williamsburg Inn, Williamsburg, Virginia. Subject The topic of the resource Block 02. Building 65. Williamsburg Inn (Williamsburg, Va.) Hotels - Virginia - Williamsburg Title A name given to the resource Basement Utilities, Williamsburg Inn Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Architectural Photo Albums Collection, AV2013.2, Box 26, Folder 1 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Extent The size or duration of the resource. 1 photograph Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1949 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context AV-2013-02-B26-F1-001 Basements Mechanical Systems Virginia Williamsburg Williamsburg Inn https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/3854/archive/files/a4e31bb73c2bab43e797b101e3963aa2.jpg?Expires=1776902400&Signature=FEoESMUdW4Ol-6h3W5yuCmUZRf4fl83Oc4cfZ3SMmCk1O%7E3wT962IFizwsEyC2WHFm1t56B1w%7E7cLMZjbDytThCeXm22yLoDfweX3x5yzqJPz1ngnJqczkcoGFs9uQoyjXjSHsYl-JP-SXp7kMCQhTOlGIUsFGSN73XIaiDdwILP66prgF3V9sgryJIFx8V3-hxzEu9FZGVhZuYwqoYEA34-d9BmfFeE-uaaroNwHngf71OytQytYUDQuH-BbJHK7%7EBc0Uy4rIeg4MNMCGFK9f8bxrSzgqurslqkqGM5nq2tpqRCIppuWMPSYB-zwbTc9uUAcgi81DPybqenSkhnOQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 99404e7e886a4607bbc244be78c1ec18 Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 Height 768 Width 864 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource An Architect of the Restoration: The Pencil Sketches of Thomas Mott Shaw, F.A.I.A. Description An account of the resource BIOGRAPHY OF THOMAS MOTT SHAW, F.A.I.A. Thomas Mott Shaw is best known as one of the founding partners and principal architects of the prominent Boston architectural firm Perry, Shaw, and Hepburn, which John D. Rockefeller Jr. hired in 1928 to design, plan, and supervise the groundbreaking historical restoration of Williamsburg, the former eighteenth-century capitol of Virginia. Born in 1878 in Newport, Rhode Island, Thomas Mott Shaw received a bachelor’s degree from Harvard in 1900 and continued his education at the atelier (workshop) of Jean-Louis Pascal at the Ècole des Beaux-Arts in Paris from 1900 to 1905.[1] After graduation in 1905, he began working in Boston as a draftsman in the office of Guy Lowell, a prominent American architect and landscape architect who designed the Boston Museum of Fine Arts, as well as numerous other public, commercial, academic, and private buildings and spaces, including many distinguished estates and gardens.[2] Shaw’s connections to Lowell were presumably academic in nature, as Lowell was a former Harvard alumnus who also studied under Pascal at the Ècole, where he graduated just one year before Shaw.[3] In 1908, Shaw left Lowell’s employ and opened his own architectural practice, which he pursued until 1916.[4] During the First World War, he served as a first lieutenant in the 489th Aero Squadron of the American Expeditionary Forces (AEF).[5] He was stationed at the U.S. Army’s Air Service Production center at Romorantin, France, where he worked with the Air Service Construction Division #2. During this time, he helped design and build air fields, assembly plants for the fabrication of American aircraft, and barracks for military personnel.[6] After the war, Shaw returned to the United States and partnered with Andrew H. Hepburn, an MIT graduate and practicing architect who had also worked under Guy Lowell.[7] The two men founded an architectural firm under the name of Shaw and Hepburn, which they managed together from 1918 to 1923.[8] When architect William G. Perry (another alumnus of Harvard, MIT, and the Ècole, as well as a former WWI Army Air Corps captain[9]) joined the partnership in 1923, the firm’s name changed to Perry, Shaw, and Hepburn.[10] In January 1927, William Perry (representing his partners Shaw and Hepburn) was invited by Reverend William A. R. Goodwin (the rector of Bruton Parish Church in Williamsburg) to produce drawings of Williamsburg as it may have looked in the eighteenth century.[11] Goodwin planned to submit the renderings to an unnamed donor who was interested in restoring the town to its former eighteenth-century appearance.[12] Shaw noted: “I worked on those drawings. We all did. We all worked on them (just like a projet in the Ècole des Beaux-Arts) to get them out.” [13] In late November 1927, after spending eleven months working pro bono[14] on a series of illustrations detailing the prospective restoration of the town and the College of William and Mary’s Wren Building, Perry submitted the firm’s drawings to Reverend Goodwin to deliver to his anonymous benefactor for consideration.[15] Soon after reviewing the architects’ work, Goodwin’s patron decided to begin funding the restoration of Williamsburg, and by early December 1927, the firm of Perry, Shaw, and Hepburn was approved “'to proceed with work on [the] Wren Building’ and reconstruction of the colonial Capitol and Governor’s Palace.”[16] It was not until April 1928, however, that the architects finally learned the identity of the secretive individual funding the endeavor.[17] The three men were summoned to New York for a meeting, where Goodwin introduced them to the wealthy businessman and philanthropist, John D. Rockefeller Jr.[18] After meeting the architects in person and discussing the project with them over lunch, Rockefeller decided that he liked what he had seen and heard. On 1 April 1928,[19] he “assigned overall ‘authority and responsibility’” of Williamsburg’s building and restoration to Perry, Shaw, and Hepburn.[20] Soon thereafter, the architects set up a small office in Williamsburg near Bruton Parish Church to manage the project.[21] The architects “soon found that drawing plans was only a minor part of the [project]. The hard part was finding out what kind of plans should be drawn.”[22] Consequently, they organized a staff of historical researchers to assist them in their efforts to restore and rebuild Williamsburg’s eighteenth-century structures as authentically as possible. “Very early in the project, [the architects] decided to establish the highest possible standards for the job. ‘Nothing was ever done without a good reason,’ Shaw once stated. ‘If there were no documented reasons for doing a particular thing, we didn’t do it.’”[23] Perry, Shaw, and Hepburn’s dedication to the ideals of historic preservation at Williamsburg also paralleled a larger “preservation fever” that was sweeping the nation in the 1920s, called the Colonial Revival.[24] “Historic preservation formed the core of the Colonial Revival, a social and stylistic mindset that peaked during the 1920s [25]…fueled by the usual turmoil – a world war, the Bolshevik Revolution, the Red Scare, and another spike in immigration, all of which increased the nostalgia for the good old colonial days.[26] ….Creating museums from historic buildings became a preferred philanthropy for the wealthy…and John D. Rockefeller Jr. launched the single largest preservation project the country had seen: Colonial Williamsburg.” [27] In the wake of the stock market crash of 1929 and the subsequent national economic collapse of the Great Depression, the fervor of the movement waned, as “only the wealthiest could afford to indulge in antiques, art, and architectural restoration.”[28] As one of the wealthiest men in the country, however, John D. Rockefeller Jr. was one of the few people who could indeed afford to finance his interests in the Colonial Revival. Despite the economic strife of the times, Rockefeller’s infusion of funds into Williamsburg not only helped support the research and restoration of this sleepy southern town back to its former eighteenth-century appearance as the colonial capitol of Virginia, but also provided Williamsburg with much-needed jobs during the worst years of the Depression. By the late 1930s, Rockefeller’s restoration had positioned the town as an architectural and cultural cornerstone of the Colonial Revival movement, fueled Colonial Revival sentiments in spite of the nation’s social and economic woes, and established Williamsburg as a pioneering example of historical preservation relating to the nation’s colonial and revolutionary past. In time, Thomas Mott Shaw was eventually “placed on [a] consulting basis” with Williamsburg’s Restoration “when an architectural department was established by Colonial Williamsburg” on 1 October 1934.[29] In 1938, Shaw was recognized by the American Institute of Architects for his work on the Williamsburg Inn, “chosen for its excellency of design wedded to the sensitive appreciation of location.”[30] He was awarded the Institute’s Bronze Medal of Honor, the highest award given to a practicing architect in the country.[31] In 1939, Shaw was placed on an annual retainer with the Restoration, though he continued working as a consultant for Colonial Williamsburg on various design and restoration projects. After a long and accomplished career, Thomas Mott Shaw died on 17 February 1965.[32] THE THOMAS MOTT SHAW COLLECTION This collection consists of thirty-four graphite and mixed media sketches drawn by architect Thomas Mott Shaw during the restoration of Colonial Williamsburg from the late 1920s through 1930s, depicting various architectural exteriors and interiors of historic buildings in and around Colonial Williamsburg’s Historic Area. It is not known precisely why these drawings were created – whether for in-house or external purposes by Perry, Shaw, and Hepburn, for Colonial Williamsburg’s staff or other interested parties, or perhaps even for Shaw’s own personal use – but they have since become historically important artifacts and images of Williamsburg’s Restoration period. These illustrations take us back in time to the early days of Williamsburg as a reconstructed historic site and living history museum, capturing views that offer interesting opportunities for insight and reflection into the early research, planning, design, building, and restoration of the town’s landscape, architecture, and character as Virginia’s eighteenth-century colonial capitol. The earliest sketch in this collection, drawn in 1928, features the Bracken Tenement (also known as the Bracken House) on Francis Street, which was one of the first buildings to be restored in Williamsburg by Perry, Shaw, and Hepburn[33] in 1928.[34] The latest sketch, drawn in 1938, depicts a proposed addition to the Williamsburg Inn which was never built. Otherwise, the majority of the drawings – thirty-two in number – were completed in 1933. In the fall of 1944, Shaw offered this collection of thirty-four sketches to the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation “for use in connection with publicity or any other purpose you would like to use them for.”[35] Upon review of the sketches, Colonial Williamsburg’s staff accepted them, stating: “These sketches are something which we definitely should have in our archives….Mr. Shaw has done them from photographs and that in this respect they are not such creative work as might be done on location without the use of photographs….We have not undertaken to determine how best they can be utilized but there are several possibilities which we should like to explore further.”[36] Though the sketches were thought to be “very good” and might be used in various ways,[37] Colonial Williamsburg’s staff chiefly appreciated the drawings for their “sentimental appeal by virtue of Mr. Shaw’s connection with Colonial Williamsburg”[38] and “the fact that they are the handiwork of Mr. Shaw, which…will make them quite valuable to Colonial Williamsburg in the future.”[39] Shaw’s sketches were purchased and accepted into the research archives of Colonial Williamsburg’s Architectural Department between November 1945 and January 1946. These drawings are now part of the Architectural Drawings Collection in the Special Collections wing of the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation’s John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library. While a separate collection of Shaw’s personal papers and drawings also reside within the Smithsonian Institution’s Archives of American Art in Washington, D.C.,[40] the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation is proud to possess the majority of Mr. Shaw’s drawings and correspondence associated with his meticulous and pioneering work on Williamsburg’s restoration. ENDNOTES [1] George H. Yetter, “Thomas Mott Shaw, F.A.I.A., 1878-1965” unpublished biography, Thomas Mott Shaw research folder, Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation (Williamsburg, Va.: The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation). [2] Ibid. [3] Henry F. Withey and Elsie Rathburn Withey, Biographical Dictionary of American Architects [Deceased] (Los Angeles: Hennessey &amp; Ingalls, Inc., 1970), 381-382. [4] Yetter, “Thomas Mott Shaw, F.A.I.A., 1878-1965.” [5] George H. Yetter, handwritten notes compiled from Thomas Mott Shaw Papers (in Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution, gift of Sarah Quinan Shaw Johnson, Concord, Ma., 1975), Thomas Mott Shaw research folder, Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation (Williamsburg, Va.: The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation). [6] Ibid.; see also “Colonial Williamsburg Logbook” biographical sheet on Thomas Mott Shaw, dated 15 March 1947, Thomas Mott Shaw research folder, Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation (Williamsburg, Va.: The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation). [7] George H. Yetter, “Designers of Beauty: Academic Training and Williamsburg’s Architectural Restoration,” Colonial Williamsburg Journal (Winter 2012): 58. [8] Yetter, handwritten notes compiled from Thomas Mott Shaw Papers; see also “Colonial Williamsburg Logbook” biographical sheet. [9] Will Molineux, “The Architect of Colonial Williamsburg: William Graves Perry,” Colonial Williamsburg Journal (Autumn 2004), 61. [10] “Colonial Williamsburg Logbook” biographical sheet. [11] Fred Frechette, “Work on Restoration Started as ‘Bit of Fun,’” Richmond Times-Dispatch (Richmond, Va.), 21 May 1956, page number unknown, Thomas Mott Shaw research folder, Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. [12] Yetter, “Thomas Mott Shaw, F.A.I.A., 1878-1965.” [13] Ibid. (T.M. Shaw quote excerpted from “Reminiscences of Thomas Mott Shaw,” Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Archives, Oral History Collection, 11), Thomas Mott Shaw research folder, Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation (Williamsburg, Va.: The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation). [14] Frechette, “Work on Restoration Started as ‘Bit of Fun.’” [15] George H. Yetter, “Thomas Mott Shaw” typewritten research notes, Thomas Mott Shaw research folder, Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation (Williamsburg, Va.: The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation). [16] Molineux, “The Architect of Colonial Williamsburg,” 63. [17] Ibid. [18] Ibid. [19] Yetter, “Thomas Mott Shaw” typewritten research notes. [20] Molineux, 63; see also Frechette, “Work on Restoration Started as ‘Bit of Fun.’” [21] Molineux, 63. [22] Frechette, “Work on Restoration Started as ‘Bit of Fun.’” [23] Ibid. [24] Mary Miley Theobald, “The Colonial Revival: The Past that Never Dies,” Colonial Williamsburg Journal (Summer 2002), 81. [25] Ibid., 81. [26] Ibid., 84. [27] Ibid., 81. [28] Ibid., 84. [29] Yetter, “Thomas Mott Shaw” typewritten research notes. [30] Frechette, “Work on Restoration Started as ‘Bit of Fun.’” [31] Ibid. [32] Yetter, “Thomas Mott Shaw, F.A.I.A., 1878-1965.” [33] Frechette, “Work on Restoration Started as ‘Bit of Fun.’” [34]Carl Lounsbury, “Bracken Tenement: Block 2, Building 52,” Colonial Williamsburg Foundation website, n.d., http://research.history.org/Architectural_Research/Research_Articles/ThemeBldgs/Bracken.cfm (accessed 5 May 2014). [35] Letter from Thomas Mott Shaw to Vernon Geddy of Williamsburg Restoration, Inc., 25 October 1944, Thomas Mott Shaw research folder, Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. [36] Staff memo from B.W. Norton to Vernon Geddy of Williamsburg Restoration, Inc., 1 November 1945, Thomas Mott Shaw research folder, Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. [37] Staff memo from J.A. Upshur to Kenneth Chorley of Williamsburg Restoration, Inc., 12 January 1946, Thomas Mott Shaw research folder, Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. [38] Ibid. [39] Ibid. [40] Letter from Michael A. Grimes (archivist, Smithsonian Institution, Archives of American Art) to George H. Yetter (Associate Curator of Architectural Drawings, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation), 2 August 1989, Thomas Mott Shaw research folder, Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING Chappell, Edward A. “Architects of Colonial Williamsburg” in Encyclopedia of Southern Culture, ed. by Charles Reagan Wilson, William R. Ferris, and Ann J. Adadie. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1989, 59-61. Greenspan, Anders. Creating Colonial Williamsburg: The Restoration of Virginia’s Eighteenth-Century Capitol. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 2002. Hosmer, Charles Bridgham, and National Trust for Historic Preservation in the United States. Preservation Comes of Age: From Williamsburg to the National Trust, 1926-1949, Vol. 1. Charlottesville: Published for the Preservation Press, National Trust for Historic Preservation in the United States by the University Press of Virginia, 1981. Kimball, Fiske, et al. The Restoration of Colonial Williamsburg in Virginia. New York: F.W. Dodge Corporation, 1935. Molineux, Will. “The Architect of Colonial Williamsburg: William Graves Perry,” Colonial Williamsburg Journal (August 2004): 58-65. Theobald, Mary Miley. “The Colonial Revival: The Past that Never Dies,” Colonial Williamsburg Journal (Summer 2002): 81-85. Yetter, George Humphrey. “Designers of Beauty: Academic Training and Williamsburg’s Architectural Restoration,” Colonial Williamsburg Journal (Winter 2012): 54-60. Yetter, George Humphrey. Williamsburg Before and After: The Rebirth of Virginia's Colonial Capital. Williamsburg, Va.: Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, 1988. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Graphite on paper Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image. 51 x 48 cm Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Brick Making (Clay Molds) Subject The topic of the resource Block 41. Brickmakers – Virginia – Williamsburg Brickmaking – Virginia – Williamsburg Description An account of the resource <p>View of a Colonial Brickyard Company workman filling brick molds with clay at the Todd and Brown Brickyard, located behind the Williamsburg Inn, 1933. Clay bricks were then removed from their brick molds (also known as clay molds) and set in the sun to dry. After a thorough drying process, bricks were fired in a brick kiln. This brickyard was set up as a temporary location for making bricks for use in the early historic restoration of Williamsburg. Today, the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation's colonial Brickyard is located on Nicholson Street, in the area behind the Peyton Randolph House and Cabinetmaker's Shop.</p> <p>In the eighteenth century, "bricks used for buildings of the town were burned on or near the site and were laid in a coarse oyster-shell lime mortar. The gray-green glaze seen on some headers was imparted by burning the bricks in a kiln fired with oakwood. Only those bricks nearest the heat acquired the glazed surface. The use of bricks rubbed down to a smooth surface or to a molded profile was a favorite means of imparting finish to a building."</p> <p>(Source: A. Lawrence Kocher and Howard Dearstyne, <em>Colonial Williamsburg: Its Buildings and Gardens</em>, rev. ed. [Williamsburg, Va.: Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, 1961], 16).</p> Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Shaw, Thomas Mott Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1933 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 1933 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This material is protected by copyright law (Title 17, U.S. Code). For reproduction queries: <a href="http://research.history.org/JDRLibrary/Visual_Resources/VisualResourcePermission.cfm">Rights and reproductions</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context D2008-COPY-1014-1011 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation African Americans Brick Molds Brickmakers Brickmaking Bricks Brickyards Clay Clay Molds Colonial Architecture Colonial Brickyard Company Men Pug Mills Thomas Mott Shaw Todd and Brown Brickyard Virginia Williamsburg Williamsburg Inn Workers Workmen https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/3854/archive/files/dd155dd096792c28805e6b834513917e.jpg?Expires=1776902400&Signature=c8UiURFpyDoK%7EHjbbzebTPnUGO22GioSh5O60u3pd2KrSyjCy4Ifb9KkmVoQ4vojB8iBH64WSqA8xCzXSg7-CxBpnr3NYbfJa6TptLCpH4i7oY6PXTMhZxO9VOMOfFzVTBGUkXkFM3dbWLXwOfRVcIJxP19AGQaKVtp8XxtuIWXOCbQYisXEqDCbULBkY4ljPts0%7EoN8LIpX-8yh5A2MYGzGzmLxvsoEpMhIe11UJ9F%7EVZUeKvSrhxo0DKGwNT-A3kfmdX9Tx717LlVNVcHol1uKeq2GS0uDBVA9KY25Kaay-YOAfZR3EQirqDAsZKmYLn9aDB4PIvUGx5r2TIWYlQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM d8552bb3a548a6c46b02abd28ed522c7 Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 Height 670 Width 1024 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource An Architect of the Restoration: The Pencil Sketches of Thomas Mott Shaw, F.A.I.A. Description An account of the resource BIOGRAPHY OF THOMAS MOTT SHAW, F.A.I.A. Thomas Mott Shaw is best known as one of the founding partners and principal architects of the prominent Boston architectural firm Perry, Shaw, and Hepburn, which John D. Rockefeller Jr. hired in 1928 to design, plan, and supervise the groundbreaking historical restoration of Williamsburg, the former eighteenth-century capitol of Virginia. Born in 1878 in Newport, Rhode Island, Thomas Mott Shaw received a bachelor’s degree from Harvard in 1900 and continued his education at the atelier (workshop) of Jean-Louis Pascal at the Ècole des Beaux-Arts in Paris from 1900 to 1905.[1] After graduation in 1905, he began working in Boston as a draftsman in the office of Guy Lowell, a prominent American architect and landscape architect who designed the Boston Museum of Fine Arts, as well as numerous other public, commercial, academic, and private buildings and spaces, including many distinguished estates and gardens.[2] Shaw’s connections to Lowell were presumably academic in nature, as Lowell was a former Harvard alumnus who also studied under Pascal at the Ècole, where he graduated just one year before Shaw.[3] In 1908, Shaw left Lowell’s employ and opened his own architectural practice, which he pursued until 1916.[4] During the First World War, he served as a first lieutenant in the 489th Aero Squadron of the American Expeditionary Forces (AEF).[5] He was stationed at the U.S. Army’s Air Service Production center at Romorantin, France, where he worked with the Air Service Construction Division #2. During this time, he helped design and build air fields, assembly plants for the fabrication of American aircraft, and barracks for military personnel.[6] After the war, Shaw returned to the United States and partnered with Andrew H. Hepburn, an MIT graduate and practicing architect who had also worked under Guy Lowell.[7] The two men founded an architectural firm under the name of Shaw and Hepburn, which they managed together from 1918 to 1923.[8] When architect William G. Perry (another alumnus of Harvard, MIT, and the Ècole, as well as a former WWI Army Air Corps captain[9]) joined the partnership in 1923, the firm’s name changed to Perry, Shaw, and Hepburn.[10] In January 1927, William Perry (representing his partners Shaw and Hepburn) was invited by Reverend William A. R. Goodwin (the rector of Bruton Parish Church in Williamsburg) to produce drawings of Williamsburg as it may have looked in the eighteenth century.[11] Goodwin planned to submit the renderings to an unnamed donor who was interested in restoring the town to its former eighteenth-century appearance.[12] Shaw noted: “I worked on those drawings. We all did. We all worked on them (just like a projet in the Ècole des Beaux-Arts) to get them out.” [13] In late November 1927, after spending eleven months working pro bono[14] on a series of illustrations detailing the prospective restoration of the town and the College of William and Mary’s Wren Building, Perry submitted the firm’s drawings to Reverend Goodwin to deliver to his anonymous benefactor for consideration.[15] Soon after reviewing the architects’ work, Goodwin’s patron decided to begin funding the restoration of Williamsburg, and by early December 1927, the firm of Perry, Shaw, and Hepburn was approved “'to proceed with work on [the] Wren Building’ and reconstruction of the colonial Capitol and Governor’s Palace.”[16] It was not until April 1928, however, that the architects finally learned the identity of the secretive individual funding the endeavor.[17] The three men were summoned to New York for a meeting, where Goodwin introduced them to the wealthy businessman and philanthropist, John D. Rockefeller Jr.[18] After meeting the architects in person and discussing the project with them over lunch, Rockefeller decided that he liked what he had seen and heard. On 1 April 1928,[19] he “assigned overall ‘authority and responsibility’” of Williamsburg’s building and restoration to Perry, Shaw, and Hepburn.[20] Soon thereafter, the architects set up a small office in Williamsburg near Bruton Parish Church to manage the project.[21] The architects “soon found that drawing plans was only a minor part of the [project]. The hard part was finding out what kind of plans should be drawn.”[22] Consequently, they organized a staff of historical researchers to assist them in their efforts to restore and rebuild Williamsburg’s eighteenth-century structures as authentically as possible. “Very early in the project, [the architects] decided to establish the highest possible standards for the job. ‘Nothing was ever done without a good reason,’ Shaw once stated. ‘If there were no documented reasons for doing a particular thing, we didn’t do it.’”[23] Perry, Shaw, and Hepburn’s dedication to the ideals of historic preservation at Williamsburg also paralleled a larger “preservation fever” that was sweeping the nation in the 1920s, called the Colonial Revival.[24] “Historic preservation formed the core of the Colonial Revival, a social and stylistic mindset that peaked during the 1920s [25]…fueled by the usual turmoil – a world war, the Bolshevik Revolution, the Red Scare, and another spike in immigration, all of which increased the nostalgia for the good old colonial days.[26] ….Creating museums from historic buildings became a preferred philanthropy for the wealthy…and John D. Rockefeller Jr. launched the single largest preservation project the country had seen: Colonial Williamsburg.” [27] In the wake of the stock market crash of 1929 and the subsequent national economic collapse of the Great Depression, the fervor of the movement waned, as “only the wealthiest could afford to indulge in antiques, art, and architectural restoration.”[28] As one of the wealthiest men in the country, however, John D. Rockefeller Jr. was one of the few people who could indeed afford to finance his interests in the Colonial Revival. Despite the economic strife of the times, Rockefeller’s infusion of funds into Williamsburg not only helped support the research and restoration of this sleepy southern town back to its former eighteenth-century appearance as the colonial capitol of Virginia, but also provided Williamsburg with much-needed jobs during the worst years of the Depression. By the late 1930s, Rockefeller’s restoration had positioned the town as an architectural and cultural cornerstone of the Colonial Revival movement, fueled Colonial Revival sentiments in spite of the nation’s social and economic woes, and established Williamsburg as a pioneering example of historical preservation relating to the nation’s colonial and revolutionary past. In time, Thomas Mott Shaw was eventually “placed on [a] consulting basis” with Williamsburg’s Restoration “when an architectural department was established by Colonial Williamsburg” on 1 October 1934.[29] In 1938, Shaw was recognized by the American Institute of Architects for his work on the Williamsburg Inn, “chosen for its excellency of design wedded to the sensitive appreciation of location.”[30] He was awarded the Institute’s Bronze Medal of Honor, the highest award given to a practicing architect in the country.[31] In 1939, Shaw was placed on an annual retainer with the Restoration, though he continued working as a consultant for Colonial Williamsburg on various design and restoration projects. After a long and accomplished career, Thomas Mott Shaw died on 17 February 1965.[32] THE THOMAS MOTT SHAW COLLECTION This collection consists of thirty-four graphite and mixed media sketches drawn by architect Thomas Mott Shaw during the restoration of Colonial Williamsburg from the late 1920s through 1930s, depicting various architectural exteriors and interiors of historic buildings in and around Colonial Williamsburg’s Historic Area. It is not known precisely why these drawings were created – whether for in-house or external purposes by Perry, Shaw, and Hepburn, for Colonial Williamsburg’s staff or other interested parties, or perhaps even for Shaw’s own personal use – but they have since become historically important artifacts and images of Williamsburg’s Restoration period. These illustrations take us back in time to the early days of Williamsburg as a reconstructed historic site and living history museum, capturing views that offer interesting opportunities for insight and reflection into the early research, planning, design, building, and restoration of the town’s landscape, architecture, and character as Virginia’s eighteenth-century colonial capitol. The earliest sketch in this collection, drawn in 1928, features the Bracken Tenement (also known as the Bracken House) on Francis Street, which was one of the first buildings to be restored in Williamsburg by Perry, Shaw, and Hepburn[33] in 1928.[34] The latest sketch, drawn in 1938, depicts a proposed addition to the Williamsburg Inn which was never built. Otherwise, the majority of the drawings – thirty-two in number – were completed in 1933. In the fall of 1944, Shaw offered this collection of thirty-four sketches to the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation “for use in connection with publicity or any other purpose you would like to use them for.”[35] Upon review of the sketches, Colonial Williamsburg’s staff accepted them, stating: “These sketches are something which we definitely should have in our archives….Mr. Shaw has done them from photographs and that in this respect they are not such creative work as might be done on location without the use of photographs….We have not undertaken to determine how best they can be utilized but there are several possibilities which we should like to explore further.”[36] Though the sketches were thought to be “very good” and might be used in various ways,[37] Colonial Williamsburg’s staff chiefly appreciated the drawings for their “sentimental appeal by virtue of Mr. Shaw’s connection with Colonial Williamsburg”[38] and “the fact that they are the handiwork of Mr. Shaw, which…will make them quite valuable to Colonial Williamsburg in the future.”[39] Shaw’s sketches were purchased and accepted into the research archives of Colonial Williamsburg’s Architectural Department between November 1945 and January 1946. These drawings are now part of the Architectural Drawings Collection in the Special Collections wing of the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation’s John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library. While a separate collection of Shaw’s personal papers and drawings also reside within the Smithsonian Institution’s Archives of American Art in Washington, D.C.,[40] the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation is proud to possess the majority of Mr. Shaw’s drawings and correspondence associated with his meticulous and pioneering work on Williamsburg’s restoration. ENDNOTES [1] George H. Yetter, “Thomas Mott Shaw, F.A.I.A., 1878-1965” unpublished biography, Thomas Mott Shaw research folder, Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation (Williamsburg, Va.: The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation). [2] Ibid. [3] Henry F. Withey and Elsie Rathburn Withey, Biographical Dictionary of American Architects [Deceased] (Los Angeles: Hennessey &amp; Ingalls, Inc., 1970), 381-382. [4] Yetter, “Thomas Mott Shaw, F.A.I.A., 1878-1965.” [5] George H. Yetter, handwritten notes compiled from Thomas Mott Shaw Papers (in Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution, gift of Sarah Quinan Shaw Johnson, Concord, Ma., 1975), Thomas Mott Shaw research folder, Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation (Williamsburg, Va.: The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation). [6] Ibid.; see also “Colonial Williamsburg Logbook” biographical sheet on Thomas Mott Shaw, dated 15 March 1947, Thomas Mott Shaw research folder, Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation (Williamsburg, Va.: The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation). [7] George H. Yetter, “Designers of Beauty: Academic Training and Williamsburg’s Architectural Restoration,” Colonial Williamsburg Journal (Winter 2012): 58. [8] Yetter, handwritten notes compiled from Thomas Mott Shaw Papers; see also “Colonial Williamsburg Logbook” biographical sheet. [9] Will Molineux, “The Architect of Colonial Williamsburg: William Graves Perry,” Colonial Williamsburg Journal (Autumn 2004), 61. [10] “Colonial Williamsburg Logbook” biographical sheet. [11] Fred Frechette, “Work on Restoration Started as ‘Bit of Fun,’” Richmond Times-Dispatch (Richmond, Va.), 21 May 1956, page number unknown, Thomas Mott Shaw research folder, Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. [12] Yetter, “Thomas Mott Shaw, F.A.I.A., 1878-1965.” [13] Ibid. (T.M. Shaw quote excerpted from “Reminiscences of Thomas Mott Shaw,” Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Archives, Oral History Collection, 11), Thomas Mott Shaw research folder, Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation (Williamsburg, Va.: The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation). [14] Frechette, “Work on Restoration Started as ‘Bit of Fun.’” [15] George H. Yetter, “Thomas Mott Shaw” typewritten research notes, Thomas Mott Shaw research folder, Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation (Williamsburg, Va.: The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation). [16] Molineux, “The Architect of Colonial Williamsburg,” 63. [17] Ibid. [18] Ibid. [19] Yetter, “Thomas Mott Shaw” typewritten research notes. [20] Molineux, 63; see also Frechette, “Work on Restoration Started as ‘Bit of Fun.’” [21] Molineux, 63. [22] Frechette, “Work on Restoration Started as ‘Bit of Fun.’” [23] Ibid. [24] Mary Miley Theobald, “The Colonial Revival: The Past that Never Dies,” Colonial Williamsburg Journal (Summer 2002), 81. [25] Ibid., 81. [26] Ibid., 84. [27] Ibid., 81. [28] Ibid., 84. [29] Yetter, “Thomas Mott Shaw” typewritten research notes. [30] Frechette, “Work on Restoration Started as ‘Bit of Fun.’” [31] Ibid. [32] Yetter, “Thomas Mott Shaw, F.A.I.A., 1878-1965.” [33] Frechette, “Work on Restoration Started as ‘Bit of Fun.’” [34]Carl Lounsbury, “Bracken Tenement: Block 2, Building 52,” Colonial Williamsburg Foundation website, n.d., http://research.history.org/Architectural_Research/Research_Articles/ThemeBldgs/Bracken.cfm (accessed 5 May 2014). [35] Letter from Thomas Mott Shaw to Vernon Geddy of Williamsburg Restoration, Inc., 25 October 1944, Thomas Mott Shaw research folder, Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. [36] Staff memo from B.W. Norton to Vernon Geddy of Williamsburg Restoration, Inc., 1 November 1945, Thomas Mott Shaw research folder, Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. [37] Staff memo from J.A. Upshur to Kenneth Chorley of Williamsburg Restoration, Inc., 12 January 1946, Thomas Mott Shaw research folder, Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. [38] Ibid. [39] Ibid. [40] Letter from Michael A. Grimes (archivist, Smithsonian Institution, Archives of American Art) to George H. Yetter (Associate Curator of Architectural Drawings, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation), 2 August 1989, Thomas Mott Shaw research folder, Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING Chappell, Edward A. “Architects of Colonial Williamsburg” in Encyclopedia of Southern Culture, ed. by Charles Reagan Wilson, William R. Ferris, and Ann J. Adadie. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1989, 59-61. Greenspan, Anders. Creating Colonial Williamsburg: The Restoration of Virginia’s Eighteenth-Century Capitol. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 2002. Hosmer, Charles Bridgham, and National Trust for Historic Preservation in the United States. Preservation Comes of Age: From Williamsburg to the National Trust, 1926-1949, Vol. 1. Charlottesville: Published for the Preservation Press, National Trust for Historic Preservation in the United States by the University Press of Virginia, 1981. Kimball, Fiske, et al. The Restoration of Colonial Williamsburg in Virginia. New York: F.W. Dodge Corporation, 1935. Molineux, Will. “The Architect of Colonial Williamsburg: William Graves Perry,” Colonial Williamsburg Journal (August 2004): 58-65. Theobald, Mary Miley. “The Colonial Revival: The Past that Never Dies,” Colonial Williamsburg Journal (Summer 2002): 81-85. Yetter, George Humphrey. “Designers of Beauty: Academic Training and Williamsburg’s Architectural Restoration,” Colonial Williamsburg Journal (Winter 2012): 54-60. Yetter, George Humphrey. Williamsburg Before and After: The Rebirth of Virginia's Colonial Capital. Williamsburg, Va.: Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, 1988. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Graphite on paper Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image. 57 x 43 cm Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Brick Making (Pug Mill) Subject The topic of the resource Block 41. Brickmakers - Virginia - Williamsburg Brickmaking - Virginia - Williamsburg Description An account of the resource <p class="MsoListParagraph">View of Colonial Brickyard Company workmen filling brick molds with clay at the Todd and Brown Brickyard, located behind the Williamsburg Inn, 1933.<span>  </span>In the colonial period, clay was mixed and made pliant for brickmaking by adding water to clay pits and treading on it by foot.<span>  </span>During the restoration of Colonial Williamsburg, however, clay was mixed in a “pug mill,” an industrial technology that came into use by the mid-nineteenth century.<span>  </span>The pug mill (pictured as the tall, square, wood-paneled box under the lean-to) was powered by a horse or mule. The animal was harnessed and tethered to a long wooden lever, which connected to a vertical shaft within the pug mill.<span>  </span>As the animal circled around the mill, the rotation of the wooden lever turned the vertical shaft within the mill, which was outfitted with blades and served as a mixing paddle.<span>  </span>The paddle stirred and mixed the clay, while workmen periodically added water to the mixture to keep it at the right consistency for packing into brick molds (also known as clay molds).<span>  </span>Once packed into molds, the clay bricks were then removed and set in the sun to dry.<span>  </span>After a thorough drying process, bricks were fired in a brick kiln and allowed to cool, after which time they were ready for use.<span>  </span>This Todd and Brown Brickyard was set up in an open area behind the Williamsburg Inn, where bricks were fashioned for use for the early restoration and building of Williamsburg.<span>  </span>Today, the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation's colonial Brickyard is located on Nicholson Street, in the area behind the Peyton Randolph House and Cabinetmaker's Shop.</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">In the eighteenth century, "bricks used for buildings of the town were burned on or near the site and were laid in a coarse oyster-shell lime mortar. The gray-green glaze seen on some headers was imparted by burning the bricks in a kiln fired with oakwood. Only those bricks nearest the heat acquired the glazed surface. The use of bricks rubbed down to a smooth surface or to a molded profile was a favorite means of imparting finish to a building."</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast">(Source: <span> </span>A. Lawrence Kocher and Howard Dearstyne, <em>Colonial Williamsburg: Its Buildings and Gardens</em>, rev. ed. [Williamsburg, Va.: Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, 1961], 16).</p> Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Shaw, Thomas Mott Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1933 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 1933 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This material is protected by copyright law (Title 17, U.S. Code). For reproduction queries: <a href="http://research.history.org/JDRLibrary/Visual_Resources/VisualResourcePermission.cfm">Rights and reproductions</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context D2008-COPY-1014-1008 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation African Americans Brick Molds Brickmakers Brickmaking Bricks Brickyards Clay Clay Molds Colonial Architecture Colonial Brickyard Company Horses Men Mules Pug Mills Thomas Mott Shaw Todd and Brown Brickyard Virginia Williamsburg Williamsburg Inn Workers Workmen https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/3854/archive/files/ac391bd8d809cd2a1dc5be8a2bb0bd2d.jpg?Expires=1776902400&Signature=Khy3fp7GT8sQVEK8t%7E%7ERClXsFP5Rk1mIrYlSjlezoxKL5VLqQCY5BifjqChco2sco8KgTPCGxQvkQ546gKEwzlzhpiRK%7EYXcBOqJ7byQTkbboHgSGql3MkYj8AVMGF%7EyUlGiDm3yLjVGkjFkcvDTdWNIP58Rgtqzgn46kDMlr5n-AndPJCLrSz2JOvw0Ge9M0dqGKdsJ%7EYB4cPzTLkpTjCmplaZJkrD9xGE93a4SM7-AX0rYryroM1dit8lRuXML8SahUwPzYng2lYxsQB5rIbPYe4DLLX8TvJCm-2i%7ErE115JNnhQgouR0JVB39feixWydC9n-TaqFYGmXTDqo8TA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM afb81f1ab73ea5c22f975ca84b1da0dd Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Highlights of the Albert Durant Photography Collection Description An account of the resource The Albert Durant Photography Collection encompasses photoprints, negatives, slides, and personal papers that document the photographic production of Williamsburg's first black city-licensed photographer, Albert Durant. Durant's photographic output provides a priceless visual history of African American life in Williamsburg, Virginia and surrounding communities from the late 1930s to the early 1960s. Since the collection encompasses ten thousand images, highlights of some of the major subject categories covered by the photos are presented here. The collection provides a fascinating glimpse into African American social life in Williamsburg during the 1940s and 1950s. Durant captured the atmosphere of local jazz and night clubs through scenes of performers singing and dancing and audiences socializing. Durant also acted as photographer for many African American clubs and organizations. Along with taking formal group portraits, he documented these groups through informal shots of meetings, dinners, and special events. African American student life during segregation is also featured in this visual archive. While a high school student at James City County Training School, Durant began developing his interest in photography by taking images of student activities, including sports, dances, plays, assemblies, and graduations. As an adult, Durant acted as a portrait photographer for Junior-Senior Proms at local black high schools and also documented the sports teams, marching bands, choirs, students, and faculty at Bruton Heights School in Williamsburg. African American spiritual life is another strength of the collection. Durant photographed church groups, such as choirs and missionary circles, as well as individuals participating in rituals at many different black churches in the Williamsburg area. Occupations, working conditions, and business opportunities for African Americans in Williamsburg are recorded in Durant's photos, too. The photos show African Americans working in restaurants, beauty and barber shops, stores, offices, dry cleaners, and gas stations. Albert Wadsworth Durant was born on February 2, 1920 in New York City to Samuel and Bessie Durant. His mother was a native of Williamsburg who moved with her husband to New York and worked as a domestic servant for a family. After the death of her husband, who was originally from the West Indies, Bessie Durant and her children relocated to Williamsburg, Virginia, in 1929. At age 36, Durant married Elsie Lucille Ferguson on August 18, 1956. They raised three sons, Albert W. Durant Jr., Byron Murphy, and Roderick Ferguson, and two daughters, Yvette Durant and Deanna Ferguson. Albert Durant ran his own chauffeuring and limousine business in the Williamsburg area, providing services to many distinguished visitors to the city, including the Queen Mother of England, the Prince of Japan, and various chief justices. He often took his customers on excursions to local historic sites, including Colonial Williamsburg, Jamestown, and the James River plantations. Through course work at the College of William and Mary, Durant acquired a background in American history which enabled him to provide historical commentary as he drove customers through the countryside. Durant's contacts at the College of William and Mary sparked his initial interest in photography and once he had obtained equipment and training, Durant began creating his own historical record of the Williamsburg area. He produced hundreds of portraits documenting the families and activities of African American residents and also documented significant events, places, and persons in and around Williamsburg. In addition, Albert Durant worked to improve conditions for African Americans in Williamsburg by serving in various positions in the city's government. He acted as the first black Justice of the Peace and Bail Commissioner in Williamsburg and served as the first black magistrate of the General District Court from his appointment in 1962 until his retirement in 1975. Albert Durant died at age 71 on April 14, 1991. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Gelatin silver print Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image. 3x5 inches Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chauffeurs at Williamsburg Inn Subject The topic of the resource African American Photographers Williamsburg Inn (Williamsburg, Va.) Chauffeurs - Virginia - Williamsburg Description An account of the resource Three chauffeurs waiting near a limousine parked on the driveway of the Williamsburg Inn, Williamsburg, Virginia, 1976. The men are waiting for guests to depart for a Bicentennial celebration held at the Yorktown Victory Center. Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Albert W. Durant Photography Collection, AV-1992.1, Box 13, Folder 4 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DUR-5661 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Durant, Albert W. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1976 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 1976 African American Men Albert Wadsworth Durant Bicentennial Chauffeurs Virginia Williamsburg Williamsburg Inn https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/3854/archive/files/c165a8a36be33f8e288efbb4c7ba111b.jpg?Expires=1776902400&Signature=kfR3NLBrHLrl4EdABlGwlas0bdZxARytC9PRTFfI7n3h%7EWKB2cTOqUBP8AZOT90Q8TRclJYTqiWlLJIeFWPodmfjZdYSF5Xnozn8sFuT5oqnRhC78Mlk0rFsqL6j9OYba91jhig2Duzs9SjFf8yCMd0rHJ2pEPHPJir3jcGUyxHrBJL%7E22tNEWcJ8tvfqlz77sKrynM2cXihuADFtqgd4PpQq2tXMax8PGL0Un1pMsPAxuwuwuGBKCOW05Wg-RhO3Ss3f49YzGoe6FtX7tc3eKF3U6wkwkBshRn%7ElUAQdM4kXWRtJcCg3A3vCDUlpGnwxHZnU-mUJRgrxd52g5q-eA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM b7b88e94692053cde2299a9db30b7742 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource D.N. Davidson Photograph Collection Subject The topic of the resource Historic buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg Architecture, Colonial - Virginia - Williamsburg Black and white photographs Architectural photographs - 1920-1930 Lost architecture - Virginia - Williamsburg Description An account of the resource In 1933, the Williamsburg Holding Corporation acquired a set of over one hundred photographs from Newport News photographer D.A. Davidson. Described in a January 3, 1933 letter by Dr. W.A.R. Goodwin as "...the most valuable photographs which we have...," it formed the nucleus of what would later become an extensive photo archive relating to Williamsburg's restoration. Taken in the Williamsburg, Virginia area, circa 1928, the images offer many pre-restoration views of the town just prior to the commencement of restoration work funded by John D. Rockefeller Jr. Many local businesses, residences, and even streets known to townspeople in the 1920s but demolished or relocated as part of the development of Colonial Williamsburg in the late 1920s and early 1930s are documented in Davidson's photographs. The collection also provides a visual record of the appearance of many of the surviving eighty-eight public and private buildings dating to the eighteenth-century. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Circa 1928 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. D.N. Davidson Photograph Collection Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Davidson, D.N. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Gelatin silver print Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image. 8 x 10 inches Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Colonial Hotel Subject The topic of the resource Historic buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg Hotels - Virginia - Williamsburg Lost architecture - Virginia - Williamsburg Description An account of the resource View looking northeast of southwest elevation of the Colonial Hotel, on the site of present-day Chownings Tavern, Williamsburg, Virginia, circa 1928. The Colonial Hotel became a Williamsburg Inn annex and was later demolished. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Davidson, D. N. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Circa 1928 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. Circa 1928 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. D. N. Davidson Photograph Collection, AV-2013.2, Box 1, Folder 1 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context D-13 see also 78-778 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Chowning's Tavern Colonial Hotel D. N. Davidson Lost Architecture Market Square Pre-Restoration Virginia Williamsburg Williamsburg Inn https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/3854/archive/files/8413c69ec525c5cd95007a3050962483.jpg?Expires=1776902400&Signature=dFhsfYDvmntLcVIEf-5Ue7AVt8JgT%7ETix0c4aFq7IYzIxQKtxv6rT7YAgnJviJP3l3suYQL7SH7OqMeZzcHxEuXleoqdO9hwjvNZ27ENZd1rxt-wpZxwGgNUr2jnMTKdtvtP77WtNwwyh3qtgfVx8VXwCBCBYiIFwVrBk0DnlQFGnkNb9WgO5Vp285hA5krVwr7FeD02sbo-7RbHiKsyQxG0YWO8K0-DuDdsG91TIc%7EPv0Ovx6AdCd621u5RXOoOvV0bYx4jutkLQI-6qY6QoaJeDvTY7zF5iK5OtUHKwnpTVqV8D5SgQwPNByAfq%7EQCuGfa7LZGDUdFKp2Uxc80Jg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM dff2cb69887e61f71c2520c1e5992946 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Architectural Photo Albums Collection Description An account of the resource The Williamsburg office of architects Perry, Shaw and Hepburn began compiling this extensive collection of 367 boxes of black and white photographs in a series of photo albums in the late 1920s and early 1930s. After the establishment of a Department of Architecture in 1934, the architectural team continued to add photographs to the albums until the 1980s. Together, they comprise a detailed chronological record of the changes that have occurred over time at each site in the Historic Area, ranging from pre-restoration views and archaeological excavations to restoration or reconstruction progress, landscaping installation, completion, and renovation photographs. Contract photographers Thomas Layton and Frank Nivison took many of the earliest images of the restoration work. Layton, a photographer who operated a studio at 507 E. Broad Street in Richmond, Virginia, worked for the restoration between 1928 and 1930 creating periodic photo documentation of work at the Wren Building, Capitol, Raleigh Tavern, and Ludwell-Paradise House, as well as many pre-restoration views of sites throughout the Historic Area. Frank Nivison, a photographer from the University Film Foundation at Harvard University, took over in late 1930 and spent the next five years meticulously photographing each successive stage of work at sites under reconstruction or restoration. Photos by Layton and Nivison are supplemented by images of pre-restoration Williamsburg that the architects collected from town residents and had copied for research use in the photo albums. They include images taken by Clyde Holmes, D.N. Davidson, and Edward Beckwith. In addition, the albums encompass some photographs taken by members of the architectural team, including Landscape Architect Arthur Shurcliff and Interior Designer Susan Higginson Nash. Post-1930s photos within the albums encompass those taken by official Colonial Williamsburg photographers such as Thomas Williams, Loring J. Turner, Dan Spangler, Chuck Kagey, and Steve Toth to document the continuing evolution of architectural and archaeological investigations and restoration work at each site. The collection is organized according to the Foundation’s in-house Block and Building System. Initial folders on properties identify the various names associated with buildings through time. Some houses have been known by a succession of names and, in most instances, are now called by the builder’s name or that of the most famous occupant. In some instances, the images are the first generation master prints, and notes on backs of photographs sometimes identify the people shown and describe what is shown—especially in those documenting archaeological excavations. Usually, the Foundation’s archaeological drawings (also in the Library’s Special Collections Section) show the exact positions and directions from which certain shots were made. Evolution of the work of restoration and reconstruction can be followed chronologically in most instances, although the collection has not been expanded since its transfer from the Architectural Research Department in the 1980s. Images of Carter’s Grove Plantation are included due to its ownership by the Foundation until sale in the early twenty-first century. Van Cortlandt Manor, in Westchester Co., New York is also documented due to its acquisition by John D. Rockefeller, Jr. in 1953. The restoration there was carried out by architects from Colonial Williamsburg and the Foundation’s drawing files contain the plans for this work. The house today is a National Historic Landmark belonging to Historic Hudson Valley. Following the portion concerning Williamsburg’s Historic Area buildings are a series of notebooks identified by subject. Topics included are: aerial views of the Historic Area from 1925 - 1956, Williamsburg street views, architectural details, Williamsburg Shopping Center, mantels (salvaged models bought in early restoration), 18th-c. theaters, Kingsmill, H. Avery Tipping’s English Houses, and Johannes Kip engravings (bird’s-eye views of English country houses). Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Architectural Photo Albums Collection, AV2013.2 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Subject The topic of the resource Williamsburg (Va.) - Photographs Williamsburg (Va.) - Buildings, structures, etc. Photograph albums Architecture, Colonial - Virginia - Williamsburg Historic buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg Public buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg Architecture, Domestic - Virginia - Williamsburg Extent The size or duration of the resource. 367 boxes Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Gelatin silver print mounted on linen Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image. 8 x 10 inches Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Condenser Pool, Williamsburg Inn Subject The topic of the resource Block 02. Building 65. Williamsburg Inn (Williamsburg, Va.) Hotels - Virginia - Williamsburg Description An account of the resource View looking towards the condenser pool on the grounds of the Williamsburg Inn, Williamsburg, Virginia. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1939-01-09 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Architectural Photo Albums Collection, AV2013.2, Box 25, Folder 2 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context AV2013-02-B25-F2-003 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Extent The size or duration of the resource. 1 photograph Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. Mechanical Systems Virginia Williamsburg Williamsburg Inn https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/3854/archive/files/429f7c3bdf98cf999aef48425f766836.jpg?Expires=1776902400&Signature=nDcsRrmMlf5a-u-lZB0EMtLJMYKycJXXhzeYrLUi8eezpzWC-O4KhDTk9c2eCGEs-KGx%7EyI2Jc9hm3iJ8vSQ4y7jNOtx37geIGMYwOu4pCR-PO-IbFSFDYliaLypSKFUsoeV9-hspKQjOBviS4WAeDXsBeiW3vMjVsxgn2LsI8hyL5y76Qhr65YvTebjh4HCrfn2MPo7ZjI1e0LNE%7EYGig8MDyXxyafohhxt%7EkAgrIHlR-OEo1VbN11DXudoXLclLnIpCP6uw1ws6DBc92mXTtNAFpRXoZy-cc9ZaAp-hQFVf-iT4U%7E4Ippq-Dlr%7E5HIfAo9cvh5jWbZhHUWD4G4Pw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 0111f01f5ec558ef6d7243ed150ad815 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/3854/archive/files/2f436b6cb56ab60c83fe9798fb3059ac.jpg?Expires=1776902400&Signature=pvfK3gSmK9SNs-bnty%7EZ7j2ijn4jFLkCf0PzmznOrW4xkQpgmkIhcubKFEJjhmdEPhN9SbXeR-r9tymSXJSGz9H8LJpRT80P2TTA6aa7EAAn-ZsbmANxsdUpCRpqefgmkfibYp9VyK58mGT0vx8gxpOhH2d1BPbc7lKY1lQrtQ2E4Yddzto5yOtWkhX-HHEqlMQAnOd7oEGiUpa3-cdwOCudj8mIuETdw3pe1-GPXFJruO34PLkT07Wov4ZAkOjM7EUmc6JPqxLyWwDKKqqsJ-4BFIWvCJUwqKmH1RrD6YK7W-B6E%7EUTNwpMJ3g62CmuJ7gP09uK3-kzxCgwwIh-AQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM fb614af175738455fb3b77dec38f6360 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Architectural Photo Albums Collection Description An account of the resource The Williamsburg office of architects Perry, Shaw and Hepburn began compiling this extensive collection of 367 boxes of black and white photographs in a series of photo albums in the late 1920s and early 1930s. After the establishment of a Department of Architecture in 1934, the architectural team continued to add photographs to the albums until the 1980s. Together, they comprise a detailed chronological record of the changes that have occurred over time at each site in the Historic Area, ranging from pre-restoration views and archaeological excavations to restoration or reconstruction progress, landscaping installation, completion, and renovation photographs. Contract photographers Thomas Layton and Frank Nivison took many of the earliest images of the restoration work. Layton, a photographer who operated a studio at 507 E. Broad Street in Richmond, Virginia, worked for the restoration between 1928 and 1930 creating periodic photo documentation of work at the Wren Building, Capitol, Raleigh Tavern, and Ludwell-Paradise House, as well as many pre-restoration views of sites throughout the Historic Area. Frank Nivison, a photographer from the University Film Foundation at Harvard University, took over in late 1930 and spent the next five years meticulously photographing each successive stage of work at sites under reconstruction or restoration. Photos by Layton and Nivison are supplemented by images of pre-restoration Williamsburg that the architects collected from town residents and had copied for research use in the photo albums. They include images taken by Clyde Holmes, D.N. Davidson, and Edward Beckwith. In addition, the albums encompass some photographs taken by members of the architectural team, including Landscape Architect Arthur Shurcliff and Interior Designer Susan Higginson Nash. Post-1930s photos within the albums encompass those taken by official Colonial Williamsburg photographers such as Thomas Williams, Loring J. Turner, Dan Spangler, Chuck Kagey, and Steve Toth to document the continuing evolution of architectural and archaeological investigations and restoration work at each site. The collection is organized according to the Foundation’s in-house Block and Building System. Initial folders on properties identify the various names associated with buildings through time. Some houses have been known by a succession of names and, in most instances, are now called by the builder’s name or that of the most famous occupant. In some instances, the images are the first generation master prints, and notes on backs of photographs sometimes identify the people shown and describe what is shown—especially in those documenting archaeological excavations. Usually, the Foundation’s archaeological drawings (also in the Library’s Special Collections Section) show the exact positions and directions from which certain shots were made. Evolution of the work of restoration and reconstruction can be followed chronologically in most instances, although the collection has not been expanded since its transfer from the Architectural Research Department in the 1980s. Images of Carter’s Grove Plantation are included due to its ownership by the Foundation until sale in the early twenty-first century. Van Cortlandt Manor, in Westchester Co., New York is also documented due to its acquisition by John D. Rockefeller, Jr. in 1953. The restoration there was carried out by architects from Colonial Williamsburg and the Foundation’s drawing files contain the plans for this work. The house today is a National Historic Landmark belonging to Historic Hudson Valley. Following the portion concerning Williamsburg’s Historic Area buildings are a series of notebooks identified by subject. Topics included are: aerial views of the Historic Area from 1925 - 1956, Williamsburg street views, architectural details, Williamsburg Shopping Center, mantels (salvaged models bought in early restoration), 18th-c. theaters, Kingsmill, H. Avery Tipping’s English Houses, and Johannes Kip engravings (bird’s-eye views of English country houses). Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Architectural Photo Albums Collection, AV2013.2 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Subject The topic of the resource Williamsburg (Va.) - Photographs Williamsburg (Va.) - Buildings, structures, etc. Photograph albums Architecture, Colonial - Virginia - Williamsburg Historic buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg Public buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg Architecture, Domestic - Virginia - Williamsburg Extent The size or duration of the resource. 367 boxes Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Gelatin silver print mounted on linen Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image. 8 x 10 inches Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource Recto and verso, view looking west from point east of the site of the future Craft House adjacent to the Williamsburg Inn, Williamsburg, Virginia. The James City County Courthouse and buildings on the grounds of Eastern State Hospital are visible in the distance. Title A name given to the resource Craft House Inn Site Subject The topic of the resource Block 03. Building 30. Craft House, Inn (Williamsburg, Va.) Stores, Retail - Virginia - Williamsburg Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Architectural Photo Albums Collection, AV2013..2, Box 28, Folder 2 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Extent The size or duration of the resource. 1 photograph Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Nivison, Frank Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Circa 1936 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context N5543R, N5543V Construction Progress Craft House Frank Nivison Virginia Williamsburg Williamsburg Inn https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/3854/archive/files/9ff5408a019c9ba2484e560d6ce6bca4.jpg?Expires=1776902400&Signature=WOdoR2KdVWj5E3a4sab4nXhidQoEiMnaT4i1hP8Jbz1CeDo3xV%7E3Bw1igEEe91tEWDCh2YKcKGoB%7EUdIjuGJazi%7EWRbNagbw%7E2dm7U6RZZYBPQZWk5iBDXvuXH4Za%7EIYtt4HTpIMaO-upVlvsUW979Q58w%7E5EKUXb5pIRIefANQqkn%7EnoJQY9qxvPndf71T2fZz9SBZ1PLO0LDfOAosoqycZxc4DnSw15PX%7EFEDsRi9G%7E7YW86AQs7bsfBHxkhYRvaX-mZtTE8ba7FRIA8D3QywcW5R7jqNmyKjsGQ6c3T%7EKv5TRRg-%7Enj8mb-d7aA-5Qy39d-s3RoayJVw1TAJRvg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 5fc90505717d0bc302c0ed3e9b381234 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Architectural Photo Albums Collection Description An account of the resource The Williamsburg office of architects Perry, Shaw and Hepburn began compiling this extensive collection of 367 boxes of black and white photographs in a series of photo albums in the late 1920s and early 1930s. After the establishment of a Department of Architecture in 1934, the architectural team continued to add photographs to the albums until the 1980s. Together, they comprise a detailed chronological record of the changes that have occurred over time at each site in the Historic Area, ranging from pre-restoration views and archaeological excavations to restoration or reconstruction progress, landscaping installation, completion, and renovation photographs. Contract photographers Thomas Layton and Frank Nivison took many of the earliest images of the restoration work. Layton, a photographer who operated a studio at 507 E. Broad Street in Richmond, Virginia, worked for the restoration between 1928 and 1930 creating periodic photo documentation of work at the Wren Building, Capitol, Raleigh Tavern, and Ludwell-Paradise House, as well as many pre-restoration views of sites throughout the Historic Area. Frank Nivison, a photographer from the University Film Foundation at Harvard University, took over in late 1930 and spent the next five years meticulously photographing each successive stage of work at sites under reconstruction or restoration. Photos by Layton and Nivison are supplemented by images of pre-restoration Williamsburg that the architects collected from town residents and had copied for research use in the photo albums. They include images taken by Clyde Holmes, D.N. Davidson, and Edward Beckwith. In addition, the albums encompass some photographs taken by members of the architectural team, including Landscape Architect Arthur Shurcliff and Interior Designer Susan Higginson Nash. Post-1930s photos within the albums encompass those taken by official Colonial Williamsburg photographers such as Thomas Williams, Loring J. Turner, Dan Spangler, Chuck Kagey, and Steve Toth to document the continuing evolution of architectural and archaeological investigations and restoration work at each site. The collection is organized according to the Foundation’s in-house Block and Building System. Initial folders on properties identify the various names associated with buildings through time. Some houses have been known by a succession of names and, in most instances, are now called by the builder’s name or that of the most famous occupant. In some instances, the images are the first generation master prints, and notes on backs of photographs sometimes identify the people shown and describe what is shown—especially in those documenting archaeological excavations. Usually, the Foundation’s archaeological drawings (also in the Library’s Special Collections Section) show the exact positions and directions from which certain shots were made. Evolution of the work of restoration and reconstruction can be followed chronologically in most instances, although the collection has not been expanded since its transfer from the Architectural Research Department in the 1980s. Images of Carter’s Grove Plantation are included due to its ownership by the Foundation until sale in the early twenty-first century. Van Cortlandt Manor, in Westchester Co., New York is also documented due to its acquisition by John D. Rockefeller, Jr. in 1953. The restoration there was carried out by architects from Colonial Williamsburg and the Foundation’s drawing files contain the plans for this work. The house today is a National Historic Landmark belonging to Historic Hudson Valley. Following the portion concerning Williamsburg’s Historic Area buildings are a series of notebooks identified by subject. Topics included are: aerial views of the Historic Area from 1925 - 1956, Williamsburg street views, architectural details, Williamsburg Shopping Center, mantels (salvaged models bought in early restoration), 18th-c. theaters, Kingsmill, H. Avery Tipping’s English Houses, and Johannes Kip engravings (bird’s-eye views of English country houses). Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Architectural Photo Albums Collection, AV2013.2 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Subject The topic of the resource Williamsburg (Va.) - Photographs Williamsburg (Va.) - Buildings, structures, etc. Photograph albums Architecture, Colonial - Virginia - Williamsburg Historic buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg Public buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg Architecture, Domestic - Virginia - Williamsburg Extent The size or duration of the resource. 367 boxes Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Gelatin silver print mounted on linen Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image. 8 x 10 inches Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource View lookings towards tables positioned along a wall of windows in the Dining Room of the Williamsburg Inn, Williamsburg, Virginia. Title A name given to the resource Dining Room, Williamsburg Inn Subject The topic of the resource Block 02. Building 65. Williamsburg Inn (Williamsburg, Va.) Hotels - Virginia - Williamsburg Dining rooms - Virginia - Williamsburg Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Unknown Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1938 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1991-807 CN Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Architectural Photo Albums Collection, AV2013..2, Box 27, Folder 2 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Extent The size or duration of the resource. 1 photograph Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Dining Rooms Draperies Side Chairs Tables Venetian Blinds Virginia Williamsburg Williamsburg Inn Windows https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/3854/archive/files/b3decf2668ed3682a6a8a69ff946180e.jpg?Expires=1776902400&Signature=hLIaxD-OWtJn6LuRwcog2zY5sPKb8TSo9agQATLzGiOlDXfaoyhqdev%7EhB%7EnSQ2Bgie1gyEpxHNk11LwwKsIeaeLOjH5ORnE3BUUjFC4tubdvV9vm6olpJP27HTE%7EZAn%7EbnpLDWxQka-SSfx7rIqz8Z9YdgU8bEXifXerIcfrGuqQEJQ41L4oHjI8pTNcBhs7m-lFnbGahleZtk%7EyKoufShS1eJT9wrOtJNt3iHXD9gzT9ZLu0r58sGGg0EqhNiejhUpqnqYhrp2n5aLOm8Za9U0TVToieWT7ViGYtrncg384CNJhqb56KAHnzo7DfYUmftscZwHyVUxAM5hRVPcxQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 9f81cb7dfcf515ff0c41d8e1ff868906 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The James Lee and Ethel M. Fisher Family Archives Subject The topic of the resource Williamsburg Inn (Williamsburg, Va.) World War, 1939-1945 - War work - Virginia - Williamsburg World War, 1939-1945 - Social aspects - United States World War, 1939-1945 - Women - United States World War, 1939-1945 - Medical care World War, 1939-1945 - Naval operations, American Williamsburg (Va.) - History - 20th century World War 1939-1945 - Atrocities - Japan World War, 1939-1945 - Atrocities - Philippines Fisher, James Lee, 1895-1987 Fisher, Margaret Ethel, 1897-1981 World War, 1939-1945--Photography. Description An account of the resource Consisting of a scrapbook and fifty-one associated black and white photographs, the archives document the wartime experiences of Dr. James Lee Fisher, who served as a Navy medical doctor during World War II, and his wife, Ethel, who accompanied him to his first post at Camp Peary, where she served in the Red Cross Unit. A copy of the section of Dr. Fisher’s reminiscences which pertains to his wartime service helps bring the events pictured in the scrapbook and associated photos to life and also illuminates the character and personality of Dr. Fisher. Dr. Fisher departed for active duty as Lt Commander in the Medical Division of the United States Navy on December 18, 1942. His first assignment brought him to the United States Naval Construction Training Center at Camp Peary, home of the “Seabees,” and located near Williamsburg, Virginia. Dr. Fisher’s wife, Ethel, joined him in Williamsburg in 1943 and they lived for nine months in officer’s quarters at the Williamsburg Inn. Photos within the scrapbook of the Fishers interacting with other couples billeted at the Inn illustrate the Inn’s important role in bolstering morale by providing a place for a peaceful interlude of rest and relaxation on weekends where the military could gather for refreshments, swimming, and entertainment. In September 1943, the Fishers moved to a cabin on the banks of the York River on the Camp Peary base. Ethel Fisher took part in the Red Cross Unit overseen by Mrs. Ware, wife of Captain James G. Ware, the Commanding Officer at Camp Peary. A series of group portraits, along with informal scenes of the Red Cross Unit members cutting and rolling bandages, highlight women’s contributions to wartime work in the Williamsburg area. Social life on base at Camp Peary, ranging from picnics, baseball games, parties, and dances, is captured in a series of photos of the officers, soldiers, and families. Mr. and Mrs. Fisher’s side trips to Norfolk, Newport News, Yorktown, and Richmond are also represented in the album. In April 1944, Dr. Fisher left Camp Peary for a new assignment at the United States Naval Construction Center at Camp Endicott, Rhode Island. From there he received orders to transfer to Seattle for training to take on the role of Senior Medical Officer of the U.S.S. Gage, a ship that formed part of the Attack Transport of the Amphibious Corps, 5th Fleet. By January 1945, the U.S.S. Gage set sail for the South Pacific, where Dr. Fisher and the crew witnessed the devastation in the Philippines, participated in such maneuvers as the Okinawa landing invasion, and assisted with various efforts in Occupied Japan, whether transporting troops, medical supplies, or medical staff to different Japanese cities to lend aid. Through photographs and commentary, the second half of Dr. Fisher’s scrapbook covers all of the difficult and distressing events he encountered during his tour in the South Pacific at the end of World War II. The album thus offers a complete picture of what many military officials who spent time at training bases near Williamsburg eventually faced as the war progressed and finally came to a close. Dr. Fisher returned home in late 1945 to his medical practice in Youngstown, Ohio, noting at the close of his album “I wouldn’t have missed it for anything, but I wouldn’t do it again.” Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Fisher, James Lee Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1942-1945 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. James Lee and Ethel M. Fisher Family Archives, AV2021.4 Extent The size or duration of the resource. 1 scrapbook; 51 photographs Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Gelatin silver print Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image. 2 x 3 inches Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Dr. Fisher at Williamsburg Inn Subject The topic of the resource Military personnel - American Fisher, James Lee, 1895-1987 Williamsburg Inn (Williamsburg, Va.) Military facilities - American - Virginia - Williamsburg Description An account of the resource Dr. James Lee Fisher outside the Williamsburg Inn, where he and his wife, Ethel, lodged during the first nine months of his military training at Camp Peary in 1943. This photo appears on page four of a scrapbook he compiled about his experiences during World War II between 1942-1945. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Fisher, James Lee Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1943 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. The James Lee and Ethel M. Fisher Family Archives, AV2021.4, Box 1, Folder 1 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Extent The size or duration of the resource. 1 photograph Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context D2021-COPY-0805-0063 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation James Lee Fisher Virginia Williamsburg Williamsburg Inn World War II https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/3854/archive/files/b38f105d9c4e2723390510f78113aeb9.jpg?Expires=1776902400&Signature=ZCZ3SmpcuEZzVMycXpBUwW%7EuFPST--xtMeRE784aEFIoMOUCYScUENr125-PDN7W8BKSjpYPfVuAJpXJfMGyuxS4Rc2ba9bAOIARGsYZ%7E20lPFuQO%7EY-xw14UWzkgr92JMsJ9qIkVJ5gTINqjYNEgqekIPw-aE91LcQO9zNMuwdWaqxKToIIfIMG5IOkQ4%7Ee%7EsCMp7qxVgamjMXIt8gXaiROolkb13N9jaLyBAunw2TN1rQEbp9PkrC%7EsxQp5777Et3MPzvfPoJdPYqXiqNX9BmhGzj-ZkasJOY7HMiqCymtFD7j5LHWn-5OwaQ1FYXOQNJBT9xRWMxgtfZfaLEPsg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM eef3b2917e0490d6734ea2710ebb1434 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Distinguished Visitors to Colonial Williamsburg Subject The topic of the resource Visitors, Foreign Presidents - United States Celebrities - United States Entertainers - United States Kings, queens, rulers etc. Statesmen Gelatin silver prints Color slides Description An account of the resource <p>Colonial Williamsburg has played host to numerous distinguished visitors in the form of foreign dignitaries and heads of state, royalty, musicians, actors, and writers. A significant series within Colonial Williamsburg's official archive of photos taken by staff photographers, the distinguished visitor images offer a fascinating glimpse into many historic occasions and special events that took place within the living history museum. A selection is offered here to give researchers a sense of the scope of the subjects represented.</p> <p>Government officials, actors, and even sports stars, began arriving at Colonial Williamsburg soon after the museum opened its first exhibition buildings in the 1930s. President Franklin D. Roosevelt dedicated Duke of Gloucester Street in 1934 becoming the first United States president to experience its beauty and historical significance.¹ The completion of the Williamsburg Inn and Williamsburg Lodge offered gracious accommodations to attract other well-known guests. Child actress Shirley Temple celebrated her birthday in Williamsburg in 1938, while tennis star Helen Hull Jacobs registered as the first occupant at the Williamsburg Lodge in 1939.²</p> <p>During World War II, trips to Colonial Williamsburg served as a form of indoctrination for servicemen from neighboring military bases. Troops watched orientation films, attended lectures, and toured the Historic Area as a way to remind them of what they were going overseas to fight for.³ In 1946, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and General Dwight D. Eisenhower arrived for a post-war visit to Colonial Williamsburg that included drinks at the Raleigh Tavern, a tour of several exhibition buildings, and a special dinner at the Williamsburg Inn.⁴</p> <p>The late 1940s marked the beginning of a steady stream of visits by foreign dignitaries. The United States Department of State began a custom of bringing foreign heads of state down from Washington, D.C. as part of their official visits to the United States. As a result, Colonial Williamsburg began expanding its focus to embrace a more international audience and celebrate some of the timeless democratic ideals embodied in the historic events that took place in colonial Virginia.⁵ The growing living history museum also attracted the attention of Walt Disney, who visited in 1948 and offered his perspectives and ideas on the museum's operations.⁶</p> <p>During the 1950s, a standard protocol for VIP visits encompassed trips to Jamestown, Colonial Williamsburg, and Yorktown. Foreign visitors received a rapid overview of American history and ideals as a form of education by State Department officials. ⁷ Queen Elizabeth II's royal visit for the 250th anniversary of the arrival of settlers at Jamestown marked an important initial step towards strengthening ties between Great Britain and Colonial Williamsburg.⁸ A succession of British dignitaries, ranging from the Lord Mayor of London to the Prince of Wales, followed.</p> <p>Colonial Williamsburg President Carlisle Humelsine used his former State Department connections to turn Colonial Williamsburg into what many dubbed "State Department South." He oversaw over one hundred visits by foreign dignitaries who came to the area as part of official State Department itineraries. The typical visit during the Humelsine era included a carriage ride, along with stops at major exhibition buildings, such as the Capitol and the Palace, as well as one or two of the trade shops.⁹</p> <p>The 1960s and 1970s also witnessed a number of television stars descending upon Colonial Williamsburg with their accompanying production crews. Animal star Lassie performed in several scenes around the Historic Area as part of a larger travel series for his popular television show. Perry Como and John Wayne explored many aspects of Colonial Williamsburg during the filming of Perry Como's Early American Christmas in 1978.¹⁰</p> <p>Visits by foreign heads of state culminated in the 1980s when Ronald Reagan hosted the Ninth Economic Summit of Industrialized Nations at Colonial Williamsburg. The unprecedented closure of the entire Historic Area for the weekend in May 1983 marked a gamble on the part of Colonial Williamsburg officials to generate more international interest via the three thousand journalists covering the event. ¹¹ Participants included Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher of the United Kingdom, Prime Minister Yasuhiro Nakasone of Japan, Prime Minister Amintore Fanfani of Italy, Prime Minister Elliot Trudeau of Canada, Chancellor Helmut Kohl of Germany, and President Francois Mitterand of France. Opera singer Leontyne Price also contributed to the event's pageantry by performing at one of the state dinners.¹²</p> <p>In the decades which followed, a combination of actors, entertainers, sports stars, political candidates, and government leaders continued to visit in a steady stream of both official and "undercover" appearances. Two of the more high profile dignitaries included President Zhang Zemin of China in 1997 and a return visit of Queen Elizabeth II in 2007. Whether drawing large crowds or simply enjoying the peaceful charm with a few friends or Colonial Williamsburg escorts, each visitor has left their mark in the form of a fascinating legacy of photos.</p> Endnotes: <br />(1) Donald J. Gonzalez, The Rockefellers at Williamsburg (McLean, Va.: EPM Publications, 1991), 102. <br />(2) Hugh DeSamper, Welcome to the Williamsburg Inn (Williamsburg, Va.: The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation in association with Lickle Publishing, Inc., 1997), 4. <br />(3) Anders Greenspan, Creating Colonial Williamsburg (Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, 2002), 154. <br />(4) Brian A. Dementi, Churchill &amp; Eisenhower Together Again: A Virginia Visit (Manakin-Sabot, Va.: Dementi Milestone Publishing Inc., 2015), 85. <br />(5) Greenspan, 79. <br />(6) Gonzalez, 110. <br />(7) Greenspan, 117. <br />(8) Greenspan, 111. <br />(9) Gonzalez, 110. <br />(10) Mary Theobald, “Every Man a King: The VIPs Visit Colonial Williamsburg” Colonial Williamsburg Journal 23, No. 3 (Autumn 2001): 40. <br />(11) Greenspan, 153.<br />(12) “The World Comes to Williamsburg,” Colonial Williamsburg 4, No. 1 (Autumn 1983): 20. <p>For further information: <a href="https://research.colonialwilliamsburg.org/Foundation/Journal/Autumn01/vips.cfm">https://research.colonialwilliamsburg.org/Foundation/Journal/Autumn01/vips.cfm</a></p> Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data 35mm slide Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image. 2x2 inches Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Emperor Hirohito and Empress Nagako Subject The topic of the resource Hirohito, Emperor of Japan, 1901-1989 Nagako, Empress, consort of Hirohito, Emperor of Japan, 1903-2000 Foreign Visitors - Japan Heads of State - Japan Kings, Queens, Rulers, etc. Humelsine, Carlisle H. Block 02. Building 65. Williamsburg Inn (Williamsburg, Va.) Description An account of the resource Japan's Emperor Hirohito and Empress Nagako setting out from the Williamsburg Inn on a carriage ride with Colonial Williamsburg president Carlisle Humelsine. The Emperor and Empress requested that their visit be identical to the visit of Queen Elizabeth II in 1957. Accommodations were made at the Williamsburg Inn and around the Historic Area. Security was tighter than normal, due to a threat against the Emperor and Empress from the Japanese Red Army. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource October 1, 1975 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. October 1, 1975 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1957-2241 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Carlisle Humelsine Carriages Distinguished Visitors Emperor Hirohito Emperors Empress Nagako Empresses Heads of State Japan Presidents Virginia Williamsburg Williamsburg Inn https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/3854/archive/files/91710571aa93f3adf3498e20aaddbe69.jpg?Expires=1776902400&Signature=ROey7JQDP1VB9aBMNr0qQlMRuZVDzVIXIQBRDVag7epkIFO-hc4Pojwq66GTfhTxuBPqdbc%7EyogX%7EArG56PMsklQFHj60WBzAXKjvXZI5hVMrRKMw1z6zdOU9PDBsxcFEet68hNOlFyj1GbJORItbNp7PNK3yHk2ZVkMMYG5iU6ct4g5heDog24RCADI0MkkbPuswO5NBQ8QaCQiSPvD%7EVhpnLIcetw2fLuenpLYChGcGKVz2qgtwldSxMPMggzq6-HAKQdU5dKqlDiC5hWkWLIJdE5y8uqB4BQWhAJuitFHAwyFgP42eRiNk1AuPDMd5ZzdP%7EFbHrmj4-DfKARYhg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM c4532e94bd5f7f2cf2f2c7807c11270d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Andrew Hepburn Pencil Sketches Subject The topic of the resource Hepburn, Andrew, 1880-1967 Architectural drawings - Virginia - Williamsburg Sketches - Virginia - Williamsburg Historic buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg Description An account of the resource Biographical Sketch Andrew Hopewell Hepburn was born in Catasauqua, Pennsylvania on March 6, 1880 to Robert Hopewell Hepburn and Elizabeth Hunt. After attending primary schools in New Jersey and Maryland, he undertook study to prepare for entrance into the Naval Academy at Annapolis but did not receive an appointment. He turned his interests towards architecture and gained admittance to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where he graduated with an architectural degree in 1904. While at M.I.T., he met Robert E. Lee Taylor, a native of Norfolk, Virginia and a graduate of the University of Virginia. The two worked as colleagues in the office of Harry Morse in Philadelphia. After marrying Beatrice Outram Sturgis in 1907, Hepburn formed a partnership with Taylor in Norfolk, Virginia, where a building boom was predicted to coincide with the Jamestown Tercentennial. The pair collaborated on such projects as the reconstruction of a hospital in Ghent and the Auslow Gallery Building. When the predicted building boom in Norfolk did not materialize, Hepburn relocated to New York City to join the office of Herbert Hale. He later transferred to the firm of Henry F. Bigelow in Boston and then moved on to work for Guy Lowell until 1914. With the start of the First World War, Hepburn received an appointment from the U. S. Housing Administration to serve as architect for Seaside Village, a housing community in Bridgeport, Massachusetts. During this project, he met Arthur Shurcliff, who served as the landscape architect and would later join him in Williamsburg, Virginia. The end of the war led him to his next project with Albert Farwell Bemis to design inexpensive, prefabricated houses for workmen. After that he formed a partnership with Thomas Mott Shaw, with whom he worked from 1919-1922, and then the two added a third partner, William Graves Perry, to form the firm of Perry, Shaw & Hepburn. Hepburn helped to prepare and deliver some of the firm’s first concept drawings for the restoration of Williamsburg to show to Dr. W.A.R. Goodwin and Dr. Lyon G. Tyler. He helped lead the effort to develop a master plan for restoring Williamsburg, Virginia to its colonial appearance. Scope and Content Note Andrew Hepburn’s pencil sketches, created between 1927 and 1948, are primarily rapid concept drawings he prepared as a member of the architectural team for various projects that were part of Colonial Williamsburg’s restoration. They encompass perspective sketches, bird’s-eye views, plans, elevations, and details relating to such 18th-century buildings as the Governor’s Palace and St. George Tucker House, and modern structures such as the Williamsburg Inn and the Business Block, later known as Merchants Square. Reconstruction of the Governor's Palace involved educated guesswork on the part of the architects as they examined archaeological and documentary evidence and then tried to fill in the gaps through study of architectural precedents. One of Hepburn's drawings of the front elevation of the Palace reflects how the architectural team thought it might have appeared prior to the discovery of the Bodleian plate, a copperplate found at the Bodleian Library which included a depiction of the Palace complex. Hepburn also finished studies for the Ballroom Wing and the outbuildings and stable complex. One of Hepburn's major responsibilities involved creating the original concept sketches for structures that would be part of a new business block at the west end of Duke of Gloucester Street. In order to restore Williamsburg to its eighteenth-century appearance, many business, civic, residential and religious buildings along Duke of Gloucester, Francis, and Nicholson streets had to be re-located. The architects suggested concentrating business activity in a new park and shop complex designed to blend harmoniously with the architectural styles of the buildings being restored. The eleven sketches relating to Merchants Square document his evolving ideas for the complex and range from bird's-eye views of blocks of shops to details of multi-bay windows, doorways, and elevations. Between 1937-1938, Hepburn traveled to Williamsburg every other week to oversee construction progress on the Williamsburg Inn. His involvement with the project is reflected in ten sketches of both exterior and interior architectural features ranging from fireplaces, doors and windows to the proposed bath house, pediments, colonnades, and entrances. Together, the set of thirty pencil sketches by Hepburn offer insight into the design process for major eighteenth-century and modern structures that are iconic architectural landmarks for Colonial Williamsburg today. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Hepburn, Andrew Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Circa 1929-1934 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Pencil on paper Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image. 7" x 5 3/4" inches Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Entrance, Proposed Inn Description An account of the resource Pencil sketch of the proposed entrance to Williamsburg Inn, Williamsburg, Virginia Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Hepburn, Andrew H. Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Andrew Hepburn Pencil Sketches, Drawing #25 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context AHH-025 W Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Subject The topic of the resource Williamsburg Inn (Williamsburg, Va.) Block 02. Building 65. Hotels - Virginia - Williamsburg Colonial revival (Architecture) - Virginia - Williamsburg Andrew Hepburn Arcades Columns Cornices Elevations Hotels Pediments Pencil Sketches Virginia Williamsburg Williamsburg Inn https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/3854/archive/files/e86400352f5697deb80ae462925cbb00.jpg?Expires=1776902400&Signature=u7PAkHuZjvbq9t%7EFMwq5a1zeCXrIAahoGA-AP9m6WXh72f2VkEBqERZkA4xgUU1TU%7EzPaLOWuMI7zQFbQ4C0FeMtKn1s2xEx2k7teFT8ouocYxbbjQmXFeL-%7EAp0YSipEtOl4O4uZuKvJ16p8K1zo5lfLrmANqpEBo53Un3qHwziaICnSxuTY3AoZgt%7EzLBM4WtkKW1X%7EG4peW3VVlO1unNdxHprlAjWxzozNvOR2kJln2yVn6g6WxQ7Y73Bgm8ZDJ%7EgGKjcvH%7EE4sSFk6VyE7El1eCIUmNwWdNIlPC9HC%7EdUBCZ511H2FZU1-qVx5laK6wctmo4iKqmdzacn4IQIw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 0dc8315f6859d08c41b470e45b7b7312 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Highlights of the Albert Durant Photography Collection Description An account of the resource The Albert Durant Photography Collection encompasses photoprints, negatives, slides, and personal papers that document the photographic production of Williamsburg's first black city-licensed photographer, Albert Durant. Durant's photographic output provides a priceless visual history of African American life in Williamsburg, Virginia and surrounding communities from the late 1930s to the early 1960s. Since the collection encompasses ten thousand images, highlights of some of the major subject categories covered by the photos are presented here. The collection provides a fascinating glimpse into African American social life in Williamsburg during the 1940s and 1950s. Durant captured the atmosphere of local jazz and night clubs through scenes of performers singing and dancing and audiences socializing. Durant also acted as photographer for many African American clubs and organizations. Along with taking formal group portraits, he documented these groups through informal shots of meetings, dinners, and special events. African American student life during segregation is also featured in this visual archive. While a high school student at James City County Training School, Durant began developing his interest in photography by taking images of student activities, including sports, dances, plays, assemblies, and graduations. As an adult, Durant acted as a portrait photographer for Junior-Senior Proms at local black high schools and also documented the sports teams, marching bands, choirs, students, and faculty at Bruton Heights School in Williamsburg. African American spiritual life is another strength of the collection. Durant photographed church groups, such as choirs and missionary circles, as well as individuals participating in rituals at many different black churches in the Williamsburg area. Occupations, working conditions, and business opportunities for African Americans in Williamsburg are recorded in Durant's photos, too. The photos show African Americans working in restaurants, beauty and barber shops, stores, offices, dry cleaners, and gas stations. Albert Wadsworth Durant was born on February 2, 1920 in New York City to Samuel and Bessie Durant. His mother was a native of Williamsburg who moved with her husband to New York and worked as a domestic servant for a family. After the death of her husband, who was originally from the West Indies, Bessie Durant and her children relocated to Williamsburg, Virginia, in 1929. At age 36, Durant married Elsie Lucille Ferguson on August 18, 1956. They raised three sons, Albert W. Durant Jr., Byron Murphy, and Roderick Ferguson, and two daughters, Yvette Durant and Deanna Ferguson. Albert Durant ran his own chauffeuring and limousine business in the Williamsburg area, providing services to many distinguished visitors to the city, including the Queen Mother of England, the Prince of Japan, and various chief justices. He often took his customers on excursions to local historic sites, including Colonial Williamsburg, Jamestown, and the James River plantations. Through course work at the College of William and Mary, Durant acquired a background in American history which enabled him to provide historical commentary as he drove customers through the countryside. Durant's contacts at the College of William and Mary sparked his initial interest in photography and once he had obtained equipment and training, Durant began creating his own historical record of the Williamsburg area. He produced hundreds of portraits documenting the families and activities of African American residents and also documented significant events, places, and persons in and around Williamsburg. In addition, Albert Durant worked to improve conditions for African Americans in Williamsburg by serving in various positions in the city's government. He acted as the first black Justice of the Peace and Bail Commissioner in Williamsburg and served as the first black magistrate of the General District Court from his appointment in 1962 until his retirement in 1975. Albert Durant died at age 71 on April 14, 1991. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Gelatin silver print Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image. 8x10 inches Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Entrant for 1949 Williamsburg Glidden Tour Subject The topic of the resource African American Photographers Documentary Photography - Virginia - Williamsburg Williamsburg Inn (Williamsburg, Va.) Block 02. Building 65. Veteran Motor Car Club of America Automobile racing Automobile rallies Description An account of the resource Entrant for 1949 Williamsburg Glidden Tour posing in the Williamsburg Inn parking lot. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Durant, Albert W. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1949 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 1949 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Albert W Durant Photography Collection, AV-1992.1, Box 13, Folder 3 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DUR-5577 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Extent The size or duration of the resource. 1 item Albert Wadsworth Durant Antique Cars Automobile Racing Automobile Rallies Glidden Tour Veteran Motor Car Club of America Virginia Williamsburg Williamsburg Inn https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/3854/archive/files/daf6df33cf0adae92958d63fabbb2667.jpg?Expires=1776902400&Signature=G1oA9p%7Eoc3kNPeF6j3%7Exoy2JpEFkb1c6UdsfD8DhHBDt-xjOiUbYUbO2hQluPahp7Ys4LH2MwiQNwl1TBkuQHinMepluBPrQoWk7ntpcEg0xGtiWKZB5NGn5maYWF4AbqUoS5Vkuia%7EeyAsAhC%7E63D6D%7ETI1XN3Y57jf-FAMrjvN3XKlMc4qqXjCKnhSQuHqR-UagHRjpgzIle%7E%7EcCrG%7Er5UaWCPqMVkkGtJ9M8JCTfp6jXrKwwRVPz3hi03YCnGXoCiECQo70rhFvTm1W7kut08BYFRQQygOIDbaPv3PWl8YrNwW-PJQ%7E6VXInDUaGHMpr9yJTmejXNMBUfozz5kg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 76e61ec3533a18575161eedfadc6bdb4 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Highlights of the Albert Durant Photography Collection Description An account of the resource The Albert Durant Photography Collection encompasses photoprints, negatives, slides, and personal papers that document the photographic production of Williamsburg's first black city-licensed photographer, Albert Durant. Durant's photographic output provides a priceless visual history of African American life in Williamsburg, Virginia and surrounding communities from the late 1930s to the early 1960s. Since the collection encompasses ten thousand images, highlights of some of the major subject categories covered by the photos are presented here. The collection provides a fascinating glimpse into African American social life in Williamsburg during the 1940s and 1950s. Durant captured the atmosphere of local jazz and night clubs through scenes of performers singing and dancing and audiences socializing. Durant also acted as photographer for many African American clubs and organizations. Along with taking formal group portraits, he documented these groups through informal shots of meetings, dinners, and special events. African American student life during segregation is also featured in this visual archive. While a high school student at James City County Training School, Durant began developing his interest in photography by taking images of student activities, including sports, dances, plays, assemblies, and graduations. As an adult, Durant acted as a portrait photographer for Junior-Senior Proms at local black high schools and also documented the sports teams, marching bands, choirs, students, and faculty at Bruton Heights School in Williamsburg. African American spiritual life is another strength of the collection. Durant photographed church groups, such as choirs and missionary circles, as well as individuals participating in rituals at many different black churches in the Williamsburg area. Occupations, working conditions, and business opportunities for African Americans in Williamsburg are recorded in Durant's photos, too. The photos show African Americans working in restaurants, beauty and barber shops, stores, offices, dry cleaners, and gas stations. Albert Wadsworth Durant was born on February 2, 1920 in New York City to Samuel and Bessie Durant. His mother was a native of Williamsburg who moved with her husband to New York and worked as a domestic servant for a family. After the death of her husband, who was originally from the West Indies, Bessie Durant and her children relocated to Williamsburg, Virginia, in 1929. At age 36, Durant married Elsie Lucille Ferguson on August 18, 1956. They raised three sons, Albert W. Durant Jr., Byron Murphy, and Roderick Ferguson, and two daughters, Yvette Durant and Deanna Ferguson. Albert Durant ran his own chauffeuring and limousine business in the Williamsburg area, providing services to many distinguished visitors to the city, including the Queen Mother of England, the Prince of Japan, and various chief justices. He often took his customers on excursions to local historic sites, including Colonial Williamsburg, Jamestown, and the James River plantations. Through course work at the College of William and Mary, Durant acquired a background in American history which enabled him to provide historical commentary as he drove customers through the countryside. Durant's contacts at the College of William and Mary sparked his initial interest in photography and once he had obtained equipment and training, Durant began creating his own historical record of the Williamsburg area. He produced hundreds of portraits documenting the families and activities of African American residents and also documented significant events, places, and persons in and around Williamsburg. In addition, Albert Durant worked to improve conditions for African Americans in Williamsburg by serving in various positions in the city's government. He acted as the first black Justice of the Peace and Bail Commissioner in Williamsburg and served as the first black magistrate of the General District Court from his appointment in 1962 until his retirement in 1975. Albert Durant died at age 71 on April 14, 1991. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Gelatin silver print Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image. 8x10 inches Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Entrant for 1949 Williamsburg Glidden Tour Subject The topic of the resource African American Photographers Documentary Photography - Virginia - Williamsburg Veteran Motor Car Club of America Williamsburg Inn (Williamsburg, Va.) Block 65. Building 02. Automobile rallies Automobile racing Description An account of the resource Entrant for 1949 Williamsburg Glidden Tour preparing for race in Williamsburg Inn parking lot, Williamsburg, Virginia. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Durant, Albert W. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1949 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 1949 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Albert W Durant Photography Collection, AV-1992.1, Box 13, Folder 3 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DUR-5579 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Extent The size or duration of the resource. 1 item Albert Wadsworth Durant Antique Cars Automobile Racing Automobile Rallies Glidden Tour Veteran Motor Car Club of America Virginia Williamsburg Williamsburg Inn https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/3854/archive/files/3f9b29f256c4d0c7fed823f306d356cb.jpg?Expires=1776902400&Signature=MZKbH4K776Ey8ytH0DTK3fklduu5X%7EpkLwNSycdmX2i3nW523B%7EYUed92gk97QBb-JrNl6Cvb5AFXNpinI5j-OQa8sJSCa1ay3Cm5FTvzXjM887Adx3HwKjKky8P%7EmR3Hbdz40h4huZzGjrSAofG6Kcn0SYCokSweoh-YQ7aqkp0nCGdKzrQPvrqutIE9QprEDSAcwyyynLLd9L1%7EIFVET%7Ewvw8vRbxiKNKljbpmwiZz6ZMDfbk99FVAG17VR4tiIzOqlWximjRvoVJjvzoCkHOhy-cOCGVOdBvAdFfaLKi8ivKGA-H3Fu1m8T90KjS46uI5OuXG-DgrDgS2M097oQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 33fb14e5c41fa0fb9732ee20c062d080 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Architectural Photo Albums Collection Description An account of the resource The Williamsburg office of architects Perry, Shaw and Hepburn began compiling this extensive collection of 367 boxes of black and white photographs in a series of photo albums in the late 1920s and early 1930s. After the establishment of a Department of Architecture in 1934, the architectural team continued to add photographs to the albums until the 1980s. Together, they comprise a detailed chronological record of the changes that have occurred over time at each site in the Historic Area, ranging from pre-restoration views and archaeological excavations to restoration or reconstruction progress, landscaping installation, completion, and renovation photographs. Contract photographers Thomas Layton and Frank Nivison took many of the earliest images of the restoration work. Layton, a photographer who operated a studio at 507 E. Broad Street in Richmond, Virginia, worked for the restoration between 1928 and 1930 creating periodic photo documentation of work at the Wren Building, Capitol, Raleigh Tavern, and Ludwell-Paradise House, as well as many pre-restoration views of sites throughout the Historic Area. Frank Nivison, a photographer from the University Film Foundation at Harvard University, took over in late 1930 and spent the next five years meticulously photographing each successive stage of work at sites under reconstruction or restoration. Photos by Layton and Nivison are supplemented by images of pre-restoration Williamsburg that the architects collected from town residents and had copied for research use in the photo albums. They include images taken by Clyde Holmes, D.N. Davidson, and Edward Beckwith. In addition, the albums encompass some photographs taken by members of the architectural team, including Landscape Architect Arthur Shurcliff and Interior Designer Susan Higginson Nash. Post-1930s photos within the albums encompass those taken by official Colonial Williamsburg photographers such as Thomas Williams, Loring J. Turner, Dan Spangler, Chuck Kagey, and Steve Toth to document the continuing evolution of architectural and archaeological investigations and restoration work at each site. The collection is organized according to the Foundation’s in-house Block and Building System. Initial folders on properties identify the various names associated with buildings through time. Some houses have been known by a succession of names and, in most instances, are now called by the builder’s name or that of the most famous occupant. In some instances, the images are the first generation master prints, and notes on backs of photographs sometimes identify the people shown and describe what is shown—especially in those documenting archaeological excavations. Usually, the Foundation’s archaeological drawings (also in the Library’s Special Collections Section) show the exact positions and directions from which certain shots were made. Evolution of the work of restoration and reconstruction can be followed chronologically in most instances, although the collection has not been expanded since its transfer from the Architectural Research Department in the 1980s. Images of Carter’s Grove Plantation are included due to its ownership by the Foundation until sale in the early twenty-first century. Van Cortlandt Manor, in Westchester Co., New York is also documented due to its acquisition by John D. Rockefeller, Jr. in 1953. The restoration there was carried out by architects from Colonial Williamsburg and the Foundation’s drawing files contain the plans for this work. The house today is a National Historic Landmark belonging to Historic Hudson Valley. Following the portion concerning Williamsburg’s Historic Area buildings are a series of notebooks identified by subject. Topics included are: aerial views of the Historic Area from 1925 - 1956, Williamsburg street views, architectural details, Williamsburg Shopping Center, mantels (salvaged models bought in early restoration), 18th-c. theaters, Kingsmill, H. Avery Tipping’s English Houses, and Johannes Kip engravings (bird’s-eye views of English country houses). Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Architectural Photo Albums Collection, AV2013.2 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Subject The topic of the resource Williamsburg (Va.) - Photographs Williamsburg (Va.) - Buildings, structures, etc. Photograph albums Architecture, Colonial - Virginia - Williamsburg Historic buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg Public buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg Architecture, Domestic - Virginia - Williamsburg Extent The size or duration of the resource. 367 boxes Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Gelatin silver print mounted on linen Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image. 8 x 10 inches Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource View looking through a shop window towards a customer in the Gift Shop at the Williamsburg Inn, Williamsburg, Virginia. Title A name given to the resource Gift Shop, Williamsburg Inn Subject The topic of the resource Block 02. Building 65. Williamsburg Inn (Williamsburg, Va.) Stores, Retail - Virginia - Williamsburg Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Nivison, Frank Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1950 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context AV2013-02-B27-F2-001 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Architectural Photo Albums Collection, AV2013..2, Box 27, Folder 2 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Extent The size or duration of the resource. 1 photograph Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Gift Shops Shop Windows Virginia Williamsburg Williamsburg Inn https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/3854/archive/files/84e3c72b0c522ec228a009458a237e12.jpg?Expires=1776902400&Signature=NagAFYOM7YshNT4rVbgruN%7EeGXFe0N8T85Kt8gn4VxtfbmzRTnpzUMOS1QwHxHbjjOF2iwIWaiDU8jghJ%7EhFuH%7EYAzk7Ps2l5RnRolqvTq82GY5PyHx5OKE4WAGIs39iiy7K4VySW82neB1aYLKQvgm2HHb6uPdeIByohQqhUXUL0CDx8vSSuFl4IlLbYp7YxlBhLO8c1lU%7EO9sksg2LY5h9Qh0yrj1xX0a1ff73UjiuH1rdfIKKBZOqUcJP%7EVjvmer52byOhckFtMH5ib4Kb0%7Eacesj9joWkeGQXo9MtUJ67YMKRcIOmR5YUeVmCTWvKHpm%7Ey-Y4TRd1eIMJXwMlw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM f4167de16c5b08f0dfdd7b45727d4ce9 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Architectural Photo Albums Collection Description An account of the resource The Williamsburg office of architects Perry, Shaw and Hepburn began compiling this extensive collection of 367 boxes of black and white photographs in a series of photo albums in the late 1920s and early 1930s. After the establishment of a Department of Architecture in 1934, the architectural team continued to add photographs to the albums until the 1980s. Together, they comprise a detailed chronological record of the changes that have occurred over time at each site in the Historic Area, ranging from pre-restoration views and archaeological excavations to restoration or reconstruction progress, landscaping installation, completion, and renovation photographs. Contract photographers Thomas Layton and Frank Nivison took many of the earliest images of the restoration work. Layton, a photographer who operated a studio at 507 E. Broad Street in Richmond, Virginia, worked for the restoration between 1928 and 1930 creating periodic photo documentation of work at the Wren Building, Capitol, Raleigh Tavern, and Ludwell-Paradise House, as well as many pre-restoration views of sites throughout the Historic Area. Frank Nivison, a photographer from the University Film Foundation at Harvard University, took over in late 1930 and spent the next five years meticulously photographing each successive stage of work at sites under reconstruction or restoration. Photos by Layton and Nivison are supplemented by images of pre-restoration Williamsburg that the architects collected from town residents and had copied for research use in the photo albums. They include images taken by Clyde Holmes, D.N. Davidson, and Edward Beckwith. In addition, the albums encompass some photographs taken by members of the architectural team, including Landscape Architect Arthur Shurcliff and Interior Designer Susan Higginson Nash. Post-1930s photos within the albums encompass those taken by official Colonial Williamsburg photographers such as Thomas Williams, Loring J. Turner, Dan Spangler, Chuck Kagey, and Steve Toth to document the continuing evolution of architectural and archaeological investigations and restoration work at each site. The collection is organized according to the Foundation’s in-house Block and Building System. Initial folders on properties identify the various names associated with buildings through time. Some houses have been known by a succession of names and, in most instances, are now called by the builder’s name or that of the most famous occupant. In some instances, the images are the first generation master prints, and notes on backs of photographs sometimes identify the people shown and describe what is shown—especially in those documenting archaeological excavations. Usually, the Foundation’s archaeological drawings (also in the Library’s Special Collections Section) show the exact positions and directions from which certain shots were made. Evolution of the work of restoration and reconstruction can be followed chronologically in most instances, although the collection has not been expanded since its transfer from the Architectural Research Department in the 1980s. Images of Carter’s Grove Plantation are included due to its ownership by the Foundation until sale in the early twenty-first century. Van Cortlandt Manor, in Westchester Co., New York is also documented due to its acquisition by John D. Rockefeller, Jr. in 1953. The restoration there was carried out by architects from Colonial Williamsburg and the Foundation’s drawing files contain the plans for this work. The house today is a National Historic Landmark belonging to Historic Hudson Valley. Following the portion concerning Williamsburg’s Historic Area buildings are a series of notebooks identified by subject. Topics included are: aerial views of the Historic Area from 1925 - 1956, Williamsburg street views, architectural details, Williamsburg Shopping Center, mantels (salvaged models bought in early restoration), 18th-c. theaters, Kingsmill, H. Avery Tipping’s English Houses, and Johannes Kip engravings (bird’s-eye views of English country houses). Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Architectural Photo Albums Collection, AV2013.2 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Subject The topic of the resource Williamsburg (Va.) - Photographs Williamsburg (Va.) - Buildings, structures, etc. Photograph albums Architecture, Colonial - Virginia - Williamsburg Historic buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg Public buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg Architecture, Domestic - Virginia - Williamsburg Extent The size or duration of the resource. 367 boxes Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Gelatin silver print mounted on linen Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image. 8 x 10 inches Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Golf Clubhouse Subject The topic of the resource Block 42. Building 25A. Clubhouses - Virginia - Williamsburg Golf - Virginia - Williamsburg Description An account of the resource View of the exterior of the Golf Clubhouse facing the Spotswood Course behind the Williamsburg Inn, Williamsburg, Virginia. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Williams, Thomas Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1953-10-13 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Architectural Photo Albums Collection, AV2013.2, Box 25, Folder 2 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Extent The size or duration of the resource. 1 photograph Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1953-W-4308 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. Clubhouses Golf Virginia Williamsburg Williamsburg Inn https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/3854/archive/files/6e808eb302e5543945cb0200027cf957.jpg?Expires=1776902400&Signature=mptRE59qFdYwI8W2GLOHdfiwC9MPgr6GrFYk9jNPnwIqMflB04TuSwmgNoNyoBZ%7EX7ENX4UGYJityJ8RxNYf2ox-aMDXNWCriWX%7EltEEhRhry-rUHcbqJhZXmvVOSlAm893Y1rjGk0%7E4azUblDXHznipPK4R6oWp9pX4GuGvHHSHHt9ywl3FZ1s2P8oceIF9rIilFD8-pxMDonYx1oCNFI1olk308Llfp%7EYZWb711zwUx5xM3QTkwUmpZfZfvoWCIJDcfPiV5Z2EOxB4dKaOlrnMckLC9ENqUBjv4WxSZo2Gu4oHYHMx6yyEY4IzFCzBOOrfAugNJzyM5hYFeYC7ng__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 63d0a48f6961264b9c7370c46c82b3b3 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/3854/archive/files/b64880997dfba0a3157170e713e64328.jpg?Expires=1776902400&Signature=vOS-nGMpPh12eQsgU4JJC%7EKZvnfhIM%7EaAx8ZzoVv8x4EpdCgg6BdlMSOvQG07U5DldjVV9jYHx6F7%7EO%7EVb%7EoMT0Lw4JbMwKiwf-UzAnaNvpwIvS1PPxU96luFvpP1lAphWot%7E-HJRYnntB1Rb3tzedxszR9oQ7NXSVq8dC4FyF9S1QNpbqWngtNt8rSJX8M91lpf6fUd2xEVqwBLFO0oxzIoDHah-aSisxTVbTyYkRtyzMoBh1Tff4sjsFSIzmYw%7EyErmiU7prfFTuTF6NlY-yKVKuBQWk9q-j7mNsfWq63Y26bEu3qd9nJFDjSiP1cu0ygbHSM2iBlFK7D18a5Cpg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM e304bfc1bff519c9f5d932e22c848925 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Selections from the Postcard Collection Description An account of the resource The Postcard Collection housed at the John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library consists of postcards of Williamsburg and surrounding areas dating from the late 19th-century to the present. It includes examples of early postcards of the town prior to its restoration by John D. Rockefeller Jr. In addition, it encompasses many examples of official postcards produced by Colonial Williamsburg for tourists. A smaller number of postcards of neighboring historic sites, such as Jamestown and Yorktown, are also present. The selections included here are primarily vintage postcards of Colonial Williamsburg and surrounding tourist attractions ranging in date from 1898 to the 1950s. Early cards in the collection illustrate a range of common postcard types and reproduction techniques. The history of the postcard's development as a souvenir, as well as the growth of tourism in Williamsburg, can be traced via Colonial Williamsburg's Postcard Collection. During what is known as the Pioneer Era from 1870-1898, the first form of postcard, featuring an illustration on one side and an undivided back on the other, did not allow the sender to include a note, unless it was written across a portion of the image on the front. The majority of pioneering postcard formats served as advertisements up until the 1893 Columbia Exposition, when postcards first appeared as souvenirs for Exposition visitors to purchase. The Private Mailing Card Era from 1898-1901 is characterized by cards printed with the notice "Private Mailing Card Authorized by Act of Congress on May 19, 1898." Backs of the cards remained undivided and purchasers could mail the cards for a cost of one cent. Several examples of postcards from this era are present in the collection. They include some of the earliest instances of souvenir cards created to promote Williamsburg historic sites, such as the Courthouse, Bruton Parish Church, the Powder Magazine, and the Capitol site. European rather than American printers created many of these postcards due to their superb skills. Chromo-lithograph cards of this era exhibit extremely rich colors. By the time the Jamestown Exposition took place in 1907, postcard production had entered the Divided Back Era, which continued until 1915. Modified postcard backs offered a segment on the left side for senders to pen a brief message. Production of cards gradually shifted to more American printers. The Jamestown Exposition provided a strong impetus for promotion of other historic sites that attendees might also stop at along the way. A series of postcards commemorating Williamsburg area historic sites in conjunction with the 1907 celebration are excellent examples of very early divided back cards. The Early Modern Era between 1916-1930 led to an increase in production of souvenir cards relating to the Williamsburg area. One type of format popular in this period is the "White Border Card" characterized by a view surrounded with a white border. Real photo cards also began to appear that featured photographs, rather than prints, of local surroundings. In the era before Colonial Williamsburg operated official gift shops, tourists counted on the Cole News Shop as their source for maps, postcards, travel guides, and souvenirs. Mr. Henry Dennison Cole served as the proprietor. His business stood on the site of the present day Taliaferro-Cole Shop. He produced his own postcards of historic sites in the area being restored by the Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities and other groups of preservation minded citizens. Several examples of cards published by the Cole Shop can be found in the collection and offer a glimpse of attractions popular with early 20th-century tourists, such as the old Masonic Hall and Custis Kitchen. Once Colonial Williamsburg opened a core group of exhibition buildings to the public in the early 1930s, a new era dawned in which the museum began production of official postcards as souvenirs for visitors. Photographs by F.S. Lincoln, an architectural photographer hired on a contract basis in 1935 to take some of the first promotional photos of Colonial Williamsburg exhibition buildings, appeared on a number of real photo postcards issued in the late 1930s. Both examples of postcards bearing his photos, as well as his actual photograph collection, reside at the Rockefeller Library. The Albertype Company of Brooklyn, New York, produced one of the earliest official postcard series highlighting Colonial Williamsburg exhibition buildings, costumed interpreters, Williamsburg Inn and Lodge, and Merchants Square. In addition to holding numerous examples of Albertype cards, the Rockefeller Library also houses the corresponding photographic prints used to generate the postcards. Albertype cards are characterized by sepia toned images that show exterior and interior views of exhibition buildings, as well as some of the earliest scenes of African Americans in costume demonstrating colonial cooking techniques. For further information about Williamsburg postcards, please consult: Preacher, Kristopher J. "Williamsburg in Vintage Postcards." Charleston: Arcadia Publishing, 2002. Reisweber, Kurt. "Williamsburg in Old Post Cards." Colonial Williamsburg XXI, No.2, (June/July 1999): 52-57. Subject The topic of the resource Postcards - Virginia - Williamsburg Souvenirs (Keepsakes) - Virginia - Williamsburg - Pictorial works Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Golf Course of the Williamsburg Inn Subject The topic of the resource Golf courses - Virginia - Williamsburg Williamsburg Inn (Williamsburg, Va.) Postcards - Virginia - Williamsburg Description An account of the resource Recto and verso of official Colonial Williamsburg postcard featuring a photo of golfers playing on the Spotswood Course behind the Williamsburg Inn. The caption reads: "One of the many recreation facilities provided for guests of Williamsburg Inn and Lodge and available to all visitors to the restored colonial capitol of Virginia." Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available H.S. Crocker Co., Inc. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1950s Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 1950s Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Postcard Collection Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context AVPC-116 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Golf Courses Golfers H.S. Crocker Co. Inc. Postcards Recreation Spotswood Course Williamsburg Inn https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/3854/archive/files/8815b0f9ec6cdcc44b5b50a61f880072.jpg?Expires=1776902400&Signature=QgnWmkIQf84CnyCwHHfJID-Pak%7EYv3bgvqYFiSXyjiKGX5aPDx4nssrh6yXfbom3ZzPDRMDqcmc9MA7MKmmOszrXDEB94idYyXZhqQerMJthd5ruUOnnEeggZqSRW8gB3WYyKvpTGrHyx3q-ycKmS3s6mn4AvukzS%7EvM80ncLITnNsgDBUAok14APFVI4U5ggVl9brIQgZjiDSVyiwBD2aBwXL5-dQ3kZrB1zCA5CDcd2fOFdnNPNojnEdIC5Qa7nV0dZpcZrtQmMb7LxJ%7EAlcZCl7eOyTrxbP0PMuH6dIb0G6-srsOuGNdgdAGL6IfXo5qLl-0Egj%7EghIjDXBx7bQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 9734da3d2e25d24b8c205558af7695ff Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Highlights of the Albert Durant Photography Collection Description An account of the resource The Albert Durant Photography Collection encompasses photoprints, negatives, slides, and personal papers that document the photographic production of Williamsburg's first black city-licensed photographer, Albert Durant. Durant's photographic output provides a priceless visual history of African American life in Williamsburg, Virginia and surrounding communities from the late 1930s to the early 1960s. Since the collection encompasses ten thousand images, highlights of some of the major subject categories covered by the photos are presented here. The collection provides a fascinating glimpse into African American social life in Williamsburg during the 1940s and 1950s. Durant captured the atmosphere of local jazz and night clubs through scenes of performers singing and dancing and audiences socializing. Durant also acted as photographer for many African American clubs and organizations. Along with taking formal group portraits, he documented these groups through informal shots of meetings, dinners, and special events. African American student life during segregation is also featured in this visual archive. While a high school student at James City County Training School, Durant began developing his interest in photography by taking images of student activities, including sports, dances, plays, assemblies, and graduations. As an adult, Durant acted as a portrait photographer for Junior-Senior Proms at local black high schools and also documented the sports teams, marching bands, choirs, students, and faculty at Bruton Heights School in Williamsburg. African American spiritual life is another strength of the collection. Durant photographed church groups, such as choirs and missionary circles, as well as individuals participating in rituals at many different black churches in the Williamsburg area. Occupations, working conditions, and business opportunities for African Americans in Williamsburg are recorded in Durant's photos, too. The photos show African Americans working in restaurants, beauty and barber shops, stores, offices, dry cleaners, and gas stations. Albert Wadsworth Durant was born on February 2, 1920 in New York City to Samuel and Bessie Durant. His mother was a native of Williamsburg who moved with her husband to New York and worked as a domestic servant for a family. After the death of her husband, who was originally from the West Indies, Bessie Durant and her children relocated to Williamsburg, Virginia, in 1929. At age 36, Durant married Elsie Lucille Ferguson on August 18, 1956. They raised three sons, Albert W. Durant Jr., Byron Murphy, and Roderick Ferguson, and two daughters, Yvette Durant and Deanna Ferguson. Albert Durant ran his own chauffeuring and limousine business in the Williamsburg area, providing services to many distinguished visitors to the city, including the Queen Mother of England, the Prince of Japan, and various chief justices. He often took his customers on excursions to local historic sites, including Colonial Williamsburg, Jamestown, and the James River plantations. Through course work at the College of William and Mary, Durant acquired a background in American history which enabled him to provide historical commentary as he drove customers through the countryside. Durant's contacts at the College of William and Mary sparked his initial interest in photography and once he had obtained equipment and training, Durant began creating his own historical record of the Williamsburg area. He produced hundreds of portraits documenting the families and activities of African American residents and also documented significant events, places, and persons in and around Williamsburg. In addition, Albert Durant worked to improve conditions for African Americans in Williamsburg by serving in various positions in the city's government. He acted as the first black Justice of the Peace and Bail Commissioner in Williamsburg and served as the first black magistrate of the General District Court from his appointment in 1962 until his retirement in 1975. Albert Durant died at age 71 on April 14, 1991. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Gelatin silver print Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image. 3x5 inches Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Guest Conferring with Chauffeur Subject The topic of the resource African American Photographers Tourists - Virginia - Williamsburg Williamsburg Inn (Williamsburg, Va.) Chauffeurs - Virginia - Williamsburg Block 02. Building 65. Description An account of the resource Guest conferring with a chauffeur outside the Williamsburg Inn, Williamsburg, Virginia, 1976. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Durant, Albert W. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1976 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 1976 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Albert W. Durant Photography Collection, AV-1992.1, Box 13, Folder 4 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DUR-5659 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Albert Wadsworth Durant Bicentennial Chauffeurs Hotel Guests Tourists Virginia Williamsburg Williamsburg Inn https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/3854/archive/files/2821247def6214aabcefa7b6a450a23e.jpg?Expires=1776902400&Signature=t5CNmDLF79NLaWV7I2Pa98yEmKVZCJ7Bfyal03btKUAP0xvbDaJSXeFUp7un78AdYXkgbcnv7HWONZn8VN5QrYlB8OhCHxB1HLx%7EpUxMLvgBmy%7EDT5a5d92OLE-ujAitg2fCXpi6nZH57bRjJhipnRRqmP6o6WqhU2hqNOM9NqA9RlMhlVSgIi91IUZaBvCjHtNBGYpMge-7-nzg-lIcZ7g1x2K4QceTXtf3XeVXnchcCb2CFu9e6lH1093ulBEESyCnkHH9LD2eGF-J2%7EUcPqi5LAeVmIbgYpsIKlNvqVQ0N4yjSTha8wleNIkR6RvHjygnX8jFEtA9HKTw1oWiWw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM ebddb4f9aba1fd0eae8ccebf9d990997 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Architectural Photo Albums Collection Description An account of the resource The Williamsburg office of architects Perry, Shaw and Hepburn began compiling this extensive collection of 367 boxes of black and white photographs in a series of photo albums in the late 1920s and early 1930s. After the establishment of a Department of Architecture in 1934, the architectural team continued to add photographs to the albums until the 1980s. Together, they comprise a detailed chronological record of the changes that have occurred over time at each site in the Historic Area, ranging from pre-restoration views and archaeological excavations to restoration or reconstruction progress, landscaping installation, completion, and renovation photographs. Contract photographers Thomas Layton and Frank Nivison took many of the earliest images of the restoration work. Layton, a photographer who operated a studio at 507 E. Broad Street in Richmond, Virginia, worked for the restoration between 1928 and 1930 creating periodic photo documentation of work at the Wren Building, Capitol, Raleigh Tavern, and Ludwell-Paradise House, as well as many pre-restoration views of sites throughout the Historic Area. Frank Nivison, a photographer from the University Film Foundation at Harvard University, took over in late 1930 and spent the next five years meticulously photographing each successive stage of work at sites under reconstruction or restoration. Photos by Layton and Nivison are supplemented by images of pre-restoration Williamsburg that the architects collected from town residents and had copied for research use in the photo albums. They include images taken by Clyde Holmes, D.N. Davidson, and Edward Beckwith. In addition, the albums encompass some photographs taken by members of the architectural team, including Landscape Architect Arthur Shurcliff and Interior Designer Susan Higginson Nash. Post-1930s photos within the albums encompass those taken by official Colonial Williamsburg photographers such as Thomas Williams, Loring J. Turner, Dan Spangler, Chuck Kagey, and Steve Toth to document the continuing evolution of architectural and archaeological investigations and restoration work at each site. The collection is organized according to the Foundation’s in-house Block and Building System. Initial folders on properties identify the various names associated with buildings through time. Some houses have been known by a succession of names and, in most instances, are now called by the builder’s name or that of the most famous occupant. In some instances, the images are the first generation master prints, and notes on backs of photographs sometimes identify the people shown and describe what is shown—especially in those documenting archaeological excavations. Usually, the Foundation’s archaeological drawings (also in the Library’s Special Collections Section) show the exact positions and directions from which certain shots were made. Evolution of the work of restoration and reconstruction can be followed chronologically in most instances, although the collection has not been expanded since its transfer from the Architectural Research Department in the 1980s. Images of Carter’s Grove Plantation are included due to its ownership by the Foundation until sale in the early twenty-first century. Van Cortlandt Manor, in Westchester Co., New York is also documented due to its acquisition by John D. Rockefeller, Jr. in 1953. The restoration there was carried out by architects from Colonial Williamsburg and the Foundation’s drawing files contain the plans for this work. The house today is a National Historic Landmark belonging to Historic Hudson Valley. Following the portion concerning Williamsburg’s Historic Area buildings are a series of notebooks identified by subject. Topics included are: aerial views of the Historic Area from 1925 - 1956, Williamsburg street views, architectural details, Williamsburg Shopping Center, mantels (salvaged models bought in early restoration), 18th-c. theaters, Kingsmill, H. Avery Tipping’s English Houses, and Johannes Kip engravings (bird’s-eye views of English country houses). Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Architectural Photo Albums Collection, AV2013.2 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Subject The topic of the resource Williamsburg (Va.) - Photographs Williamsburg (Va.) - Buildings, structures, etc. Photograph albums Architecture, Colonial - Virginia - Williamsburg Historic buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg Public buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg Architecture, Domestic - Virginia - Williamsburg Extent The size or duration of the resource. 367 boxes Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Gelatin silver print mounted on linen Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image. 8 x 10 inches Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource View of twin beds, armchair, and vanity dresser with a mirrior in a guest room at the Williamsburg Inn, Williamsburg, Virginia. Title A name given to the resource Guest Room, Williamsburg Inn Subject The topic of the resource Block 02. Building 65. Williamsburg Inn (Williamsburg, Va.) Hotels - Virginia - Williamsburg Guest rooms - Virginia - Williamsburg Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Nivison, Frank Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1950 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context AV2013-02-B27-F2-003 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Architectural Photo Albums Collection, AV2013..2, Box 27, Folder 2 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Extent The size or duration of the resource. 1 photograph Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Armchairs Beds Draperies Dressing Tables Guest Rooms Virginia Williamsburg Williamsburg Inn