1 20 11 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/3854/archive/files/7ac0edf4ecde46e11524a4a3750c1a94.jpg?Expires=1779321600&Signature=t%7EG0Jo7nlBeFFq0mMyMqOQ6nao7XAy4LDFH6mtWHSP7AWqXWq6mNKR4bk-JypBApQz3xJ3z-3VubLjpaYrhDX-U8w9iEVLqms4RCNf3%7EZPBGs440uBrfMVdUMIaOYO60sNxaa9YeHE0Ng89TD4TvcChB-LDZB1dEYiLcxkXaQl1Iugy9q1kGyds6C6PzdSxLiU3WkrWaxaDW-GFFfYS1Kra2F%7E6eLId-2ITvNCIcFqTfVGr4CD5xmdQgiOSKlOsg9aGWT77FPO0nRf2jo9gDgx2TKxRwj-e-etFcNn8hm3veN-UXE9fiMe7TArypog2Fm7PYCjc5H2j-moLZnrGOUg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 78cfc7e264e86c829ceeff39e9d7049b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource John A. Barrows Photograph Collection Subject The topic of the resource Barrows, John A. Photography - Virginia Historic buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg Description An account of the resource BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH John A. Barrows joined the staff of the Williamsburg office of Boston architects Perry, Shaw & Hepburn as a draftsman in the early days of the restoration. Remaining with them until his untimely death, Barrows assisted in the restoration of the College of William and Mary's Wren Building, and was involved with design work for the reconstructed Raleigh Tavern, Capitol, and Governor's Palace. In addition to his research and restoration work, John A. Barrows co-authored "The Domestic Colonial Architecture of Tidewater Virginia" with colleague Thomas Waterman. As part of his field research, Barrows--at the wheel of his 1928 Buick roadster "Lucy"--photographed numerous buildings and plantations throughout the Tidewater region, including sites in the now restored historic area of Williamsburg, Bacon's Castle, Cleve, Carter's Grove, King William Courthouse, Mt. Airy, Mt. Vernon, Rosewell, Stratford Hall, Sabine Hall, Shirley, Little England, the U.S. Capitol, and the British Embassy in Washington, D.C. These photographs form the core of the collection. The John A. Barrows Photograph Collection is an important adjunct to existing groups of photographic documentation for buildings in Williamsburg's historic area and of Virginia architecture. SCOPE AND CONTENTS Black and white photographs, negatives, postcards, and miscellaneous items of Norfolk native John Alden Barrows (b. ca. 1905, d. 1931), architect for the Colonial Williamsburg Restoration. The photographs--some taken by Barrows, Thomas Waterman, Milton Grigg and others--remain in their original order, which follows a somewhat erratic alphabetical arrangement by site/subject. The John A. Barrows Photograph Collection contains photoprints, taken mainly in Virginia and South Carolina, negatives, portraits, and personal papers and objects. The Photoprints series comprises the bulk of the collection, numbering close to 800 items. The photos, taken by architect and photographer John A. Barrows, display homes, churches, college buildings, and other structures along the eastern seaboard of the United States. Most of the photos were taken in Virginia and South Carolina, but other locations include New Jersey and Maryland. The prints were made in two sizes, 2.5x4 inches and 5x7 inches. The Negatives series has not been inventoried. John A. Barrows is the subject of the portraits found in the Portraits Series. The five images were all taken at different times. The final series, Personal Papers and Objects, includes some of Barrows' writings as well as memorabilia from trips and celebrations. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Barrows, John A. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Circa 1930 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. John A. Barrows Photograph Collection, MS1996.22 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Gelatin silver print Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image. 2.5 x 4 inches Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Raleigh Tavern Foundations Subject The topic of the resource Archaeological sites - Virginia - Williamsburg Raleigh Tavern (Williamsburg, Va.) Block 17. Building 06. Taverns (Inns) - Virginia - Williamsburg Description An account of the resource Workmen restoring the excavated foundations of the Raleigh Tavern, Williamsburg, Virginia Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Barrows, John Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource June 21st, 1929 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. John A. Barrows Photograph Collection, MS1996.22, Box 2 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Bar-500. See also 1990-1025 CN. Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. Excavations Foundations John Barrows Laborers Raleigh Tavern Virginia Williamsburg Workmen https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/3854/archive/files/55c14fb73c585616253733f2a7db24ae.jpg?Expires=1779321600&Signature=QN2PPVjVJXKLdb7ikXTchtGVP3ZxcA4OYlr0ZIPT8e5OtL6G-dPCTS1A-68M2rA3Ex1-UmrQvmE7msBQsWc4VjyHZBwYYRNu3YBKy1%7E%7E8rsgAJNGIKi6dvpMlkxObP4sl2i1TgSwOKHdM4wXPFUUq34ap-845-vzDfUZr1IFmtKuAQRPDcjJDznYlbGCbwW9QiVWMNldV9J135N7YNCWdSc8NMVJIW1tPl-2MyYnkubWiz0E0pObfhHnMG%7E1eT%7E9G%7EnlvuVDe7HQDTR5FtIP1eG2qKWKdKUiPSDOXXP8wW5Ll2VUiH%7EnAzu5eJAoaeIhTaw%7E8ljSo-quKWzpK2vd-w__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM f3c489a45b4c176717ef6a69e64cacaa Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Highlights of the Susan Higginson Nash Photograph Collection Subject The topic of the resource Nash, Susan Higginson Williamsburg (Va.)--History Architecture, Colonial - Virginia Documentary photography - Virginia Architectural photographs - 1930-1940 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Nash, Susan Higginson Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Description An account of the resource Susan Higginson Nash was born in Brookline, Massachusetts on August 8, 1893 and died in Boston on July 25, 1971. She served as a consultant on antiques and interior decoration in association with the Boston architectural firm of Perry, Shaw, & Hepburn, chosen to carry out the early work on Williamsburg's restoration. Later a member of the American Institute of Decorators, she was a friend of architect William G. Perry with whom she first visited Williamsburg in 1923. During field trips to Virginia sites, she met the popular Richmond novelist Ellen Glasgow, who advised her: "If you do any work at Williamsburg, make it perceptible." Mrs. Nash felt this was a wonderful phrase and quoted it often, evidently taking it to mean that the work should be subtly and sympathetically done. Most of the photos in the Susan Higginson Nash Photograph Collection date to the early 1930s, when steps to be taken in the physical restoration of the colonial capital were still under study. Sites include many of the important extant eighteenth-century houses in the Tidewater region of Virginia, such as Shirley, Westover, Mt. Airy, Sabine Hall and Marmion. Excursions to such sites were made to help in determining proper precedents for the work to be carried out in Williamsburg's Historic Area. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Early 1930s Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Gelatin silver print Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image. 3.24 x 4.25 inches Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Boxwoods, Governor's Palace Description An account of the resource Workmen preparing a boxwood bush for planting in the Governor's Palace garden, Williamsburg, Virginia Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Nash, Susan Higginson Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Circa 1929-1934 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Susan Higginson Nash Photograph Collection, AV2009.35 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Extent The size or duration of the resource. 1 photograph Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Na1046 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Subject The topic of the resource Gardens - Virginia - Williamsburg Governor's Palace (Williamsburg, Va.) Boxwoods - Virginia - Williamsburg Boxwoods Gardens Governor's Palace Susan Higginson Nash Virginia Williamsburg Workmen https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/3854/archive/files/b024db65d8f94019897ccf13529bfbb4.jpg?Expires=1779321600&Signature=M9LEnELsRhzpYfuiD34nlPH74mRgmT%7ERhZLlnZl65wE6hZleSM-KlYLiVrRydCjvoP8gb7yqK6qygXit5haemhYiGT0lXRwBNtoyhQMAZHpeOY5tUxHIzYC3M-ApPtGV33Mrj%7Ewy7j-rJibTZ%7EJMoQtZG51F479TnqQ0DhnkwdSZIo6jAEAw4xlE5-FRadeXgaI5OHTUZiwuFZeEvxySTm6EOOO4UaptmfnRWiW1RqwtAr4r7ofyuxUcUm1poiNTAn1GwXyuXaD-LdIuYvvb9qMU6tyOZ3TR-iAdOxcIxoYZ9KWOZOVo-L1CW3uA0jAuTs-7fTojLSxNYewlPhfy9A__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 961c5f105b73fc248d48828437da118f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Selections from the Frank Nivison Photograph Collection Subject The topic of the resource Nivison, Frank Black and white photographs Historic buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg Public buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg Architecture, Domestic - Virginia - Williamsburg Architecture, Colonial - Virginia - Williamsburg Description An account of the resource Frank Reginald Nivison served as a contract photographer for Colonial Williamsburg during the initial restoration of the town between 1930 and 1935. Prior to this, he served as a darkroom assistant at the University Film Foundation at Harvard University. He was hired by the Williamsburg Holding Corp. to take progress photos of construction and restoration work, as well as of buildings to be wrecked or moved. According to a memo issued by architect William G. Perry to Frank Nivison on December 12, 1930, his work was to “…include the photography of all buildings and parts of buildings, exterior and interior, which the architects deem necessary for architectural and historical purposes. Such photographs would be supplemented by progress photographs of construction work as it proceeds. All buildings to be wrecked should be photographed before the wrecking takes place. In addition, there will be photographs of furniture, fabrics, and objects of all kinds.” Nivison set up a small photographic studio in a room in the Bruton Parish House. His equipment included a Zeiss camera, 5x7 inch, with a F 4.5 lens and a special magazine for cut films, along with a Mitchell tripod with a ball and socket head. His darkroom equipment consisted of an Eastman Auto-focus Enlarger, printing machines, and various accessories such as tanks and scales. Over the course of five years, he took more than 7,000 photographs documenting each stage of the restoration or reconstruction of various 18th-century buildings in Williamsburg. Copies of these photographs were forwarded to the offices of Perry, Shaw, & Hepburn in Boston so that the architects could monitor the progress of various projects. Nivison’s photographs were also used to produce postcards, “before and after” lantern slides, and publicity relating to the restoration of Williamsburg. By late 1935, Nivison had started taking on a lot of outside photography business and Colonial Williamsburg officials felt he should establish himself as an independent photographer. Nivison’s employment with Colonial Williamsburg terminated on July 1, 1935. However, Colonial Williamsburg continued to utilize his services on an as needed basis and assisted him in setting up his own business in Williamsburg. Unfortunately, Nivison did not attract enough outside commissions to enable him to operate independently and filed for bankruptcy in 1937. He applied to Colonial Williamsburg for a monthly retainer fee for his periodic services and was given $100.00 per month to draw upon in 1938. With the advent of World War II, Nivison moved back to Massachusetts in 1940. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Gelatin silver print Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image. 8 x 10 inches Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Casey's Store Description An account of the resource Construction progress on Casey's Store at the corner of Duke of Gloucester Street and Henry Street, Williamsburg, Virginia Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Nivison, Frank Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 19310216 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 19310216 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Frank Nivison Photograph Collection Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource imaage Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context N313 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Subject The topic of the resource Block 22. Building 09A. Merchants Square (Williamsburg, Va.) Stores, Retail - Virginia - Williamsburg Central business districts - Virginia - Williamsburg Casey's Store Chimneys Dormers Duke of Gloucester Street Gables Henry Street Merchants Square Shopping Districts Virginia Williamsburg Workmen https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/3854/archive/files/854d7860629b29dd3fd199aac2c904cc.jpg?Expires=1779321600&Signature=qX73CraRx6bVy1-JfXSFnuXDTc8mO-6pTIi8WX4yF2R4zeUXn%7E%7EvsHrbzWhx8Z1MVUY8pQ%7Er0nd0bnxm9akd-rplw%7EO%7EjqLC8-BNPxZ%7E661zzk3-yP7MuBXmTuWCtHgU3SREzH9q5wzNs5pa2VGAR6D8aPP-stkS8e7eaYsblWZjRW3j6oehdXyTcp7V-HtKMFGsc--ULFqgmKc1UQsws%7EcCfcRaQDN1-O8XiyS2qeyOFxo2ZILrrHG%7E3r8G83mtbwGTjdKXAmN5rh05DBNRum5tp4U6qIX5a0OgdUCHwTxcRy6wpsCv8KTw1QwZPCcFkXoFpTeF36bU20OtJDbOmA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 5a072c9296b042ab3560077c33091029 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Finlay Forbes Ferguson Jr. Photograph Collection Subject The topic of the resource Architecture, Domestic - Virginia - Williamsburg Public buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg Historic buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg Williamsburg (Va.) - Photographs Williamsburg (Va.) - Buildings, structures, etc. Description An account of the resource The son of Norfolk architect Finlay Forbes Ferguson Sr., who served as an Advisory Architect in the late 1920s as Williamsburg’s restoration began, Finlay Ferguson Jr. contributed to two different periods of architectural projects at Colonial Williamsburg. A graduate of the University of Virginia’s architecture program, Finlay Jr. started the first phase of his career working as a draftsman at Colonial Williamsburg between 1930-1933. He assisted other members of the research and design team with preparation of conjectural sketches, preliminary elevations and floor plans, and final measured drawings. Finlay left Williamsburg to work in his father’s architectural firm, Peebles and Ferguson, on the restoration of Fort Macon in Moorehead City, North Carolina between 1934-1935. He continued his association with the Norfolk firm until 1939, when he returned to Colonial Williamsburg to work on research and design for the restoration of Bruton Parish Church until 1943. After serving in the Navy during the remainder of World War II, Ferguson resumed practicing architecture in Norfolk. His early association with Colonial Williamsburg allowed him to become a respected expert in architectural restoration and he oversaw projects at the Adam Thoroughgood House, the Moses Myers House, the Willoughby-Baylor House, and the Old Norfolk Academy. Ferguson also designed the General Douglas MacArthur Memorial and restored St. Paul’s Episcopal Church in Edenton, North Carolina. Ferguson joined his architectural colleagues in taking numerous photographs of both ongoing work in the Historic Area and field research at other sites. These are preserved in the Finlay Forbes Ferguson Jr. Photograph Collection, AV2009.16, which encompasses over four hundred black and white images of restoration projects underway in Williamsburg’s Historic Area, as well as architectural design precedents at historic sites in Virginia, Maryland, North Carolina, and South Carolina used to facilitate reconstruction of details not documented in historical records, archaeological investigations, or visual representations. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ferguson, Finlay Forbes Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1933-1943 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Finlay Forbes Ferguson Jr. Photograph Collection, AV2009.16 Extent The size or duration of the resource. 439 photographs Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Gelatin silver print Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image. 3.5 x 4.5 inches Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ferguson, Finlay Forbes Jr. Title A name given to the resource Peninsula Bank under Construction Description An account of the resource Peninsula Bank in the Business Block, today known as Merchants Square, under construction, Williamsburg, Virginia Subject The topic of the resource Block 23. Building 01A. Merchants Square (Williamsburg, Va.) Banks - Virginia - Williamsburg Central shopping districts - Virginia - Williamsburg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1931 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 1931 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Finlay Forbes Ferguson Photograph Collection, AV2009.16, Box 1 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Fer-302 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Construction Progress Finlay Forbes Ferguson Merchants Square Peninsula Bank Virginia Williamsburg Workmen https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/3854/archive/files/00fc3f2e9dfe8c24a8d2bf6fc600adad.jpg?Expires=1779321600&Signature=oL5jatGQJPLLvHai32kSOW1ryC8ioRwk0-PZqmaFseU20aG26x%7Ey3%7E74Y-qVUWQ121dOalHsVqm9fANV9bKebCCv13hKimNoNye7jMBXXVFY8%7Ege3cJNVT%7EOi2OsQQiqgL6SsADyFgmiSP%7EgoiAdHNRO%7EbCnB-Y8WcFyPBY9O41CaQNq4ku7TudL6iL7Y0gGhMKdTDLuVWC-54b5yrEb8rY66dZZTZrA%7E5EDfMjVm8UVHRrKNGSbAnVl3%7EIsFMTIyj%7EF%7EMc83hUO%7ELJYVygdMJD%7Eo3aqDxCizdbYrAQzNrTVbCNmJcJGLb2LYvEPJcAbH0V6tLNhiakJ%7EKHHORYQ6g__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 90897f0fc97e5747d4d39dcf7792779e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Todd and Brown Inc. Photograph Collection Subject The topic of the resource Todd and Brown Inc., New York Todd, Webster B. Brown, J.O. Historic buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg - 1930-1939 Williamsburg (Va.) - Photographs Williamsburg (Va.) - Buildings, structures, etc. Description An account of the resource Todd and Brown, Incorporated, a subsidiary firm of Todd, Robertson and Todd Engineering Corporation, headquartered in New York City, entered into a contract with the Williamsburg Holding Corporation on June 6, 1928. The engineers and contractors carried out work as directed by the architects and landscape architects on the reconstruction and restoration of historic structures and gardens in Williamsburg, Virginia. Mr. Webster B. Todd and Mr. J.O. Brown served as the principals of Todd and Brown, Incorporated. They appointed Robert Trimble to head the firm's Williamsburg office. Between 1928 and 1934, the Williamsburg crew undertook many different construction tasks in support of the museum's development and the relocation of the town's business district to Merchants Square. The Williamsburg office closed in 1934, when Williamsburg Restoration Inc. established its own Construction and Maintenance Department. However, the firm continued to be involved in a supervisory capacity with the building of the Williamsburg Inn from 1936 to 1938. The Todd and Brown Inc. Photograph Collection, AV2010.3, encompasses over eight hundred negatives and their corresponding photographic prints housed in an album. Systematic examination of the town and extensive planning occurred before the contractors began their assignment to demolish or move buildings not dating to the colonial era. Each photograph they took served a documentary purpose of recording a colonial structure, modern dwelling, business, church, municipal building, or outbuilding as it appeared prior to any work proceeding at a site. The collection is thus a significant archive of the many homes, grocery stores, general stores, gas stations, barber shops, banks, and offices that once stretched up and down Duke of Gloucester Street. It also offers many pre-restoration views of eighteenth-century buildings that had undergone modifications by later residents. A selection of images offers views of early progress on the reconstruction of such public buildings as the Capitol and Raleigh Tavern. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Todd and Brown Inc., New York Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Gelatin silver print Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image. 2 x 3 inches Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Workmen at Waltz Farm Subject The topic of the resource Farms - Virginia - Williamsburg Block 01. Agricultural laborers Description An account of the resource Workmen draining marsh on Waltz Farm property, Williamsburg, Virginia Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Todd and Brown Inc., New York. Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Todd and Brown Inc. Photograph Collection, AV2010.3, Box 1 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context TB119 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Marshes Swamps Todd and Brown Inc. Virginia Waltz Farm Williamsburg Workmen https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/3854/archive/files/011b63d34721a979da6470728ac33b0b.jpg?Expires=1779321600&Signature=sy0cH5xw7PMV6xAwShNvpMDy%7EfMxWRXKczZRDmugHGiovdIoY0nX1GCUFUaNUa8mxNdC--vwDXX8H%7Ecb2G79oODpj1BOWQ0rabPjQNLDKLG-332J-MhxJqOLIo-gCvYfjuemBq9SqW8sPeghSeDMi4pW-c-OPfMrHZkKYzueUVJM6FBgxsmokzrFM4uYEj4NP4ftZc4bult8QWIKCSR3GC2CBi-bmaJJ1%7ENpIwqRvVET54YCB1pXEApiMGJg2P9tDI-sk1u0vefiEKSBj7hdSYOu-jhTbS566zQF7vxUuADPikg3hClWlN-ljg0S%7EKSh5B3TlzwmttgDuDWDUCGhug__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM a1a3977498151c5402c07a8372ac46d1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource D.N. Davidson Photograph Collection Subject The topic of the resource Historic buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg Architecture, Colonial - Virginia - Williamsburg Black and white photographs Architectural photographs - 1920-1930 Lost architecture - Virginia - Williamsburg Description An account of the resource In 1933, the Williamsburg Holding Corporation acquired a set of over one hundred photographs from Newport News photographer D.A. Davidson. Described in a January 3, 1933 letter by Dr. W.A.R. Goodwin as "...the most valuable photographs which we have...," it formed the nucleus of what would later become an extensive photo archive relating to Williamsburg's restoration. Taken in the Williamsburg, Virginia area, circa 1928, the images offer many pre-restoration views of the town just prior to the commencement of restoration work funded by John D. Rockefeller Jr. Many local businesses, residences, and even streets known to townspeople in the 1920s but demolished or relocated as part of the development of Colonial Williamsburg in the late 1920s and early 1930s are documented in Davidson's photographs. The collection also provides a visual record of the appearance of many of the surviving eighty-eight public and private buildings dating to the eighteenth-century. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Circa 1928 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. D.N. Davidson Photograph Collection Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Davidson, D.N. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Gelatin silver print Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image. 8 x 10 inches Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Moving Galt Cottage Subject The topic of the resource Historic buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg James Galt House (Williamsburg, Va.) Block 45-1. Building 40. Architecture, Domestic - Virginia - Williamsburg Description An account of the resource Moving Galt Cottage, now known as the James Galt House, from Eastern State Hospital grounds to Williamsburg's historic area, circa 1928. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Davidson, D. N. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Circa 1928 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. Circa 1928 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. D. N. Davidson Photograph Collection, AV-2013.2, Box 1, Folder 2 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context D-21A see also N3393 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Chimneys Clapboard Siding D. N. Davidson Dormers Eastern State Hospital Galt Cottage James Galt House Pre-Restoration Virginia Williamsburg Workmen https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/3854/archive/files/ef2d02478357e8e9549d140f14d60c48.jpg?Expires=1779321600&Signature=lIx4LLHhmeGFjAn1-NXnOE6XQDnYia1RiuePDZJL1VVx4a96fMQA5mWSEXPbyiopBvf9SMEFqeuu4mQV24OMRXUcqFJ-0xjVfNaMMcdR4G9YhcIGEjuAjDECWyr%7ENXz%7EKjlP%7EDywff7sqmVpSz87CCNJwcHiMkxHUw9mOooC3iTJHis7Apc9CuLh6rGW0DImUchIWmZTJgOIgaEShBNalXelpysJi91P00svsw-V1n8DXtbPzwQkTdMT8BUXAgh%7EXo%7EjniUjdLZopfSecbmNHtmDdL9Yf2WARuZdKxgiQFIQ3-Uwd3Wt8I3z1B7Uy55ZkFEG4WeZXzmLDPNaomO8Gw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 62123d992b4053677854ce848a713684 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource D.N. Davidson Photograph Collection Subject The topic of the resource Historic buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg Architecture, Colonial - Virginia - Williamsburg Black and white photographs Architectural photographs - 1920-1930 Lost architecture - Virginia - Williamsburg Description An account of the resource In 1933, the Williamsburg Holding Corporation acquired a set of over one hundred photographs from Newport News photographer D.A. Davidson. Described in a January 3, 1933 letter by Dr. W.A.R. Goodwin as "...the most valuable photographs which we have...," it formed the nucleus of what would later become an extensive photo archive relating to Williamsburg's restoration. Taken in the Williamsburg, Virginia area, circa 1928, the images offer many pre-restoration views of the town just prior to the commencement of restoration work funded by John D. Rockefeller Jr. Many local businesses, residences, and even streets known to townspeople in the 1920s but demolished or relocated as part of the development of Colonial Williamsburg in the late 1920s and early 1930s are documented in Davidson's photographs. The collection also provides a visual record of the appearance of many of the surviving eighty-eight public and private buildings dating to the eighteenth-century. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Circa 1928 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. D.N. Davidson Photograph Collection Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Davidson, D.N. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Gelatin silver print Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image. 8 x 10 inches Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Moving James Galt House Subject The topic of the resource Historic buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg James Galt House (Williamsburg, Va.) Block 45-1. Building 40. Architecture, Domestic - Virginia - Williamsburg Description An account of the resource Workmen pause from their task of positioning the James Galt House on tracks in preparation for its move from to the grounds of the Eastern State Hospital to Duke of Gloucester Street, Williamsburg, Virginia, circa 1928. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Davidson, D. N. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Circa 1928 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. Circa 1928 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. D. N. Davidson Photograph Collection, AV-2013.2, Box 1, Folder 1 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context D-15 see also N5168 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation D. N. Davidson Duke of Gloucester Street Eastern State Hospital James Galt Cottage James Galt House Pre-Restoration Virginia Williamsburg Workmen https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/3854/archive/files/55e54d3c83f82c2c3f27bd7601f9cc41.jpg?Expires=1779321600&Signature=YyVPELOPGt57wTScu-onB6ixvGhsHu9DGzjAfbxMjbAom6pGdvGZRwX8y2cDNWrqUqR9EBXRcvmkMiRTBNnwycir6AKYma1Gc6p0kncDxV5GMiEpjbeoHPxNTOiBBPHjtB3lQYOSJXMQ-BQgQsX3fTB3PXvXI9r3vRKERayx9FuI4Rh2ZwmFAnvin6UoaxJk8iuk2sgw8tWKXIvQkBpx5S%7Ej8srMs%7EiRYSuiqkWzZX-Jv8fqjBChcmlkLg1qoKXRCbzVFAA7UfdIQ7sWqDOpKQ7vC942g-mU3GCr%7EIz2hHT40FR7CPX-j6wiiMM1WLnCu6iArPmy7UnNAGOJzvBh8w__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 66c846cfc72c294c0b5f03301cd2da19 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource D.N. Davidson Photograph Collection Subject The topic of the resource Historic buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg Architecture, Colonial - Virginia - Williamsburg Black and white photographs Architectural photographs - 1920-1930 Lost architecture - Virginia - Williamsburg Description An account of the resource In 1933, the Williamsburg Holding Corporation acquired a set of over one hundred photographs from Newport News photographer D.A. Davidson. Described in a January 3, 1933 letter by Dr. W.A.R. Goodwin as "...the most valuable photographs which we have...," it formed the nucleus of what would later become an extensive photo archive relating to Williamsburg's restoration. Taken in the Williamsburg, Virginia area, circa 1928, the images offer many pre-restoration views of the town just prior to the commencement of restoration work funded by John D. Rockefeller Jr. Many local businesses, residences, and even streets known to townspeople in the 1920s but demolished or relocated as part of the development of Colonial Williamsburg in the late 1920s and early 1930s are documented in Davidson's photographs. The collection also provides a visual record of the appearance of many of the surviving eighty-eight public and private buildings dating to the eighteenth-century. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Circa 1928 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. D.N. Davidson Photograph Collection Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Davidson, D.N. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Gelatin silver print Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image. 8 x 10 inches Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Raleigh Tavern Foundations Subject The topic of the resource Historic buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg Raleigh Tavern (Williamsburg, Va.) Block 17. Building 06A. Dwellings - Foundations Description An account of the resource Raleigh Tavern Foundations, Williamsburg, Virginia, circa 1929. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Davidson, D. N. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Circa 1929 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. Circa 1929 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. D. N. Davidson Photograph Collection, AV-2013.2, Box 1, Folder 1 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context D-13A see also L-778 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation D. N. Davidson Excavations Foundations Pre-Restoration Raleigh Tavern Virginia Williamsburg Workmen https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/3854/archive/files/c1666158920ff393253447db74c14993.jpg?Expires=1779321600&Signature=U9FO7QHz4oGjZ1iykRNRIMlL3j7cDTISE%7Etm%7EhA1yeo90tuQpLlBAI9XyP73X3i2XuPgJps5IbPWbm6GCgxPYVk3J48xs7JavqAlYRwSp%7EeklPqAkcw-ANwayUrNuC77a2Hg-ohAJqcxWef363VlwzHN8pd%7EqdkMCPlDps7yRiLiXqlxIOBGueAvMx%7EjfsjxwitC8ToXP6bqUBMUgHsSzVNoBeWBh0xp2cBf5ym2Btdz1mJZr-zp4Fg%7Ep5ooNF%7EOBWsfe48fYK3JzIYlO7QhGQQ6EtN2HzppzZdcVEgKlPTcJU6oT-Ck2cX9gsb2LTlw2Gy2c3AH9LWMJFmc-R1zoA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM ef242ffc84fa7a9b96fa52213fbe4f16 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource D.N. Davidson Photograph Collection Subject The topic of the resource Historic buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg Architecture, Colonial - Virginia - Williamsburg Black and white photographs Architectural photographs - 1920-1930 Lost architecture - Virginia - Williamsburg Description An account of the resource In 1933, the Williamsburg Holding Corporation acquired a set of over one hundred photographs from Newport News photographer D.A. Davidson. Described in a January 3, 1933 letter by Dr. W.A.R. Goodwin as "...the most valuable photographs which we have...," it formed the nucleus of what would later become an extensive photo archive relating to Williamsburg's restoration. Taken in the Williamsburg, Virginia area, circa 1928, the images offer many pre-restoration views of the town just prior to the commencement of restoration work funded by John D. Rockefeller Jr. Many local businesses, residences, and even streets known to townspeople in the 1920s but demolished or relocated as part of the development of Colonial Williamsburg in the late 1920s and early 1930s are documented in Davidson's photographs. The collection also provides a visual record of the appearance of many of the surviving eighty-eight public and private buildings dating to the eighteenth-century. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Circa 1928 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. D.N. Davidson Photograph Collection Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Davidson, D.N. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Gelatin silver print Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image. 8 x 10 inches Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Davidson, D. N. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Circa 1928 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. Circa 1928 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. D. N. Davidson Photograph Collection, AV-2013.2, Box 1, Folder 1 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context D-1 see also N5160 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Subject The topic of the resource Historic buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg Travis House (Williamsburg, Va.) Block 14. Building 04. Architecture, Domestic - Virginia - Williamsburg Title A name given to the resource Travis House Description An account of the resource Pre-restoration view of the Travis House undergoing repairs, Williamsburg, Virginia, circa 1928. Clapboard Siding D. N. Davidson Domestic Architecture Dormers Gambrel Roofs Pre-Restoration Travis House Virginia Williamsburg Workmen https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/3854/archive/files/a4e31bb73c2bab43e797b101e3963aa2.jpg?Expires=1779321600&Signature=dIYgPs-h6gqM1-lq0G7GIDQuBHZP3%7EcR-0JOUdDz8iFeDMrOYaSYZK9Q9GmsgXggptUwue8loVBmhRmDd9JFBRGxBPyyoA0v8JsXVMK0pcL2hflp4VCksPO7SDEsGZ4xMLaNrbRmcKJKmV62CIpmQ1IfO5WsZAdXKrRPO-x%7EHkRombhqcJEX6LJAHyhBNTqqgR0c8GD9JAG%7E1MJjNcYv05a27-ixihKfTiRuK2W6o4pOpvlQtpUELznugVrqgOGRatSUZAWbs7NKU6cVmIosUlKE7poQkGD%7EAl9RDlGAMFEmG5lB3u0fDQR%7EiFTGlr7ZIJbm--ZXwYTdfQVwA0Xs4w__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 99404e7e886a4607bbc244be78c1ec18 Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 Height 768 Width 864 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource An Architect of the Restoration: The Pencil Sketches of Thomas Mott Shaw, F.A.I.A. Description An account of the resource BIOGRAPHY OF THOMAS MOTT SHAW, F.A.I.A. Thomas Mott Shaw is best known as one of the founding partners and principal architects of the prominent Boston architectural firm Perry, Shaw, and Hepburn, which John D. Rockefeller Jr. hired in 1928 to design, plan, and supervise the groundbreaking historical restoration of Williamsburg, the former eighteenth-century capitol of Virginia. Born in 1878 in Newport, Rhode Island, Thomas Mott Shaw received a bachelor’s degree from Harvard in 1900 and continued his education at the atelier (workshop) of Jean-Louis Pascal at the Ècole des Beaux-Arts in Paris from 1900 to 1905.[1] After graduation in 1905, he began working in Boston as a draftsman in the office of Guy Lowell, a prominent American architect and landscape architect who designed the Boston Museum of Fine Arts, as well as numerous other public, commercial, academic, and private buildings and spaces, including many distinguished estates and gardens.[2] Shaw’s connections to Lowell were presumably academic in nature, as Lowell was a former Harvard alumnus who also studied under Pascal at the Ècole, where he graduated just one year before Shaw.[3] In 1908, Shaw left Lowell’s employ and opened his own architectural practice, which he pursued until 1916.[4] During the First World War, he served as a first lieutenant in the 489th Aero Squadron of the American Expeditionary Forces (AEF).[5] He was stationed at the U.S. Army’s Air Service Production center at Romorantin, France, where he worked with the Air Service Construction Division #2. During this time, he helped design and build air fields, assembly plants for the fabrication of American aircraft, and barracks for military personnel.[6] After the war, Shaw returned to the United States and partnered with Andrew H. Hepburn, an MIT graduate and practicing architect who had also worked under Guy Lowell.[7] The two men founded an architectural firm under the name of Shaw and Hepburn, which they managed together from 1918 to 1923.[8] When architect William G. Perry (another alumnus of Harvard, MIT, and the Ècole, as well as a former WWI Army Air Corps captain[9]) joined the partnership in 1923, the firm’s name changed to Perry, Shaw, and Hepburn.[10] In January 1927, William Perry (representing his partners Shaw and Hepburn) was invited by Reverend William A. R. Goodwin (the rector of Bruton Parish Church in Williamsburg) to produce drawings of Williamsburg as it may have looked in the eighteenth century.[11] Goodwin planned to submit the renderings to an unnamed donor who was interested in restoring the town to its former eighteenth-century appearance.[12] Shaw noted: “I worked on those drawings. We all did. We all worked on them (just like a projet in the Ècole des Beaux-Arts) to get them out.” [13] In late November 1927, after spending eleven months working pro bono[14] on a series of illustrations detailing the prospective restoration of the town and the College of William and Mary’s Wren Building, Perry submitted the firm’s drawings to Reverend Goodwin to deliver to his anonymous benefactor for consideration.[15] Soon after reviewing the architects’ work, Goodwin’s patron decided to begin funding the restoration of Williamsburg, and by early December 1927, the firm of Perry, Shaw, and Hepburn was approved “'to proceed with work on [the] Wren Building’ and reconstruction of the colonial Capitol and Governor’s Palace.”[16] It was not until April 1928, however, that the architects finally learned the identity of the secretive individual funding the endeavor.[17] The three men were summoned to New York for a meeting, where Goodwin introduced them to the wealthy businessman and philanthropist, John D. Rockefeller Jr.[18] After meeting the architects in person and discussing the project with them over lunch, Rockefeller decided that he liked what he had seen and heard. On 1 April 1928,[19] he “assigned overall ‘authority and responsibility’” of Williamsburg’s building and restoration to Perry, Shaw, and Hepburn.[20] Soon thereafter, the architects set up a small office in Williamsburg near Bruton Parish Church to manage the project.[21] The architects “soon found that drawing plans was only a minor part of the [project]. The hard part was finding out what kind of plans should be drawn.”[22] Consequently, they organized a staff of historical researchers to assist them in their efforts to restore and rebuild Williamsburg’s eighteenth-century structures as authentically as possible. “Very early in the project, [the architects] decided to establish the highest possible standards for the job. ‘Nothing was ever done without a good reason,’ Shaw once stated. ‘If there were no documented reasons for doing a particular thing, we didn’t do it.’”[23] Perry, Shaw, and Hepburn’s dedication to the ideals of historic preservation at Williamsburg also paralleled a larger “preservation fever” that was sweeping the nation in the 1920s, called the Colonial Revival.[24] “Historic preservation formed the core of the Colonial Revival, a social and stylistic mindset that peaked during the 1920s [25]…fueled by the usual turmoil – a world war, the Bolshevik Revolution, the Red Scare, and another spike in immigration, all of which increased the nostalgia for the good old colonial days.[26] ….Creating museums from historic buildings became a preferred philanthropy for the wealthy…and John D. Rockefeller Jr. launched the single largest preservation project the country had seen: Colonial Williamsburg.” [27] In the wake of the stock market crash of 1929 and the subsequent national economic collapse of the Great Depression, the fervor of the movement waned, as “only the wealthiest could afford to indulge in antiques, art, and architectural restoration.”[28] As one of the wealthiest men in the country, however, John D. Rockefeller Jr. was one of the few people who could indeed afford to finance his interests in the Colonial Revival. Despite the economic strife of the times, Rockefeller’s infusion of funds into Williamsburg not only helped support the research and restoration of this sleepy southern town back to its former eighteenth-century appearance as the colonial capitol of Virginia, but also provided Williamsburg with much-needed jobs during the worst years of the Depression. By the late 1930s, Rockefeller’s restoration had positioned the town as an architectural and cultural cornerstone of the Colonial Revival movement, fueled Colonial Revival sentiments in spite of the nation’s social and economic woes, and established Williamsburg as a pioneering example of historical preservation relating to the nation’s colonial and revolutionary past. In time, Thomas Mott Shaw was eventually “placed on [a] consulting basis” with Williamsburg’s Restoration “when an architectural department was established by Colonial Williamsburg” on 1 October 1934.[29] In 1938, Shaw was recognized by the American Institute of Architects for his work on the Williamsburg Inn, “chosen for its excellency of design wedded to the sensitive appreciation of location.”[30] He was awarded the Institute’s Bronze Medal of Honor, the highest award given to a practicing architect in the country.[31] In 1939, Shaw was placed on an annual retainer with the Restoration, though he continued working as a consultant for Colonial Williamsburg on various design and restoration projects. After a long and accomplished career, Thomas Mott Shaw died on 17 February 1965.[32] THE THOMAS MOTT SHAW COLLECTION This collection consists of thirty-four graphite and mixed media sketches drawn by architect Thomas Mott Shaw during the restoration of Colonial Williamsburg from the late 1920s through 1930s, depicting various architectural exteriors and interiors of historic buildings in and around Colonial Williamsburg’s Historic Area. It is not known precisely why these drawings were created – whether for in-house or external purposes by Perry, Shaw, and Hepburn, for Colonial Williamsburg’s staff or other interested parties, or perhaps even for Shaw’s own personal use – but they have since become historically important artifacts and images of Williamsburg’s Restoration period. These illustrations take us back in time to the early days of Williamsburg as a reconstructed historic site and living history museum, capturing views that offer interesting opportunities for insight and reflection into the early research, planning, design, building, and restoration of the town’s landscape, architecture, and character as Virginia’s eighteenth-century colonial capitol. The earliest sketch in this collection, drawn in 1928, features the Bracken Tenement (also known as the Bracken House) on Francis Street, which was one of the first buildings to be restored in Williamsburg by Perry, Shaw, and Hepburn[33] in 1928.[34] The latest sketch, drawn in 1938, depicts a proposed addition to the Williamsburg Inn which was never built. Otherwise, the majority of the drawings – thirty-two in number – were completed in 1933. In the fall of 1944, Shaw offered this collection of thirty-four sketches to the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation “for use in connection with publicity or any other purpose you would like to use them for.”[35] Upon review of the sketches, Colonial Williamsburg’s staff accepted them, stating: “These sketches are something which we definitely should have in our archives….Mr. Shaw has done them from photographs and that in this respect they are not such creative work as might be done on location without the use of photographs….We have not undertaken to determine how best they can be utilized but there are several possibilities which we should like to explore further.”[36] Though the sketches were thought to be “very good” and might be used in various ways,[37] Colonial Williamsburg’s staff chiefly appreciated the drawings for their “sentimental appeal by virtue of Mr. Shaw’s connection with Colonial Williamsburg”[38] and “the fact that they are the handiwork of Mr. Shaw, which…will make them quite valuable to Colonial Williamsburg in the future.”[39] Shaw’s sketches were purchased and accepted into the research archives of Colonial Williamsburg’s Architectural Department between November 1945 and January 1946. These drawings are now part of the Architectural Drawings Collection in the Special Collections wing of the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation’s John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library. While a separate collection of Shaw’s personal papers and drawings also reside within the Smithsonian Institution’s Archives of American Art in Washington, D.C.,[40] the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation is proud to possess the majority of Mr. Shaw’s drawings and correspondence associated with his meticulous and pioneering work on Williamsburg’s restoration. ENDNOTES [1] George H. Yetter, “Thomas Mott Shaw, F.A.I.A., 1878-1965” unpublished biography, Thomas Mott Shaw research folder, Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation (Williamsburg, Va.: The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation). [2] Ibid. [3] Henry F. Withey and Elsie Rathburn Withey, Biographical Dictionary of American Architects [Deceased] (Los Angeles: Hennessey &amp; Ingalls, Inc., 1970), 381-382. [4] Yetter, “Thomas Mott Shaw, F.A.I.A., 1878-1965.” [5] George H. Yetter, handwritten notes compiled from Thomas Mott Shaw Papers (in Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution, gift of Sarah Quinan Shaw Johnson, Concord, Ma., 1975), Thomas Mott Shaw research folder, Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation (Williamsburg, Va.: The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation). [6] Ibid.; see also “Colonial Williamsburg Logbook” biographical sheet on Thomas Mott Shaw, dated 15 March 1947, Thomas Mott Shaw research folder, Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation (Williamsburg, Va.: The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation). [7] George H. Yetter, “Designers of Beauty: Academic Training and Williamsburg’s Architectural Restoration,” Colonial Williamsburg Journal (Winter 2012): 58. [8] Yetter, handwritten notes compiled from Thomas Mott Shaw Papers; see also “Colonial Williamsburg Logbook” biographical sheet. [9] Will Molineux, “The Architect of Colonial Williamsburg: William Graves Perry,” Colonial Williamsburg Journal (Autumn 2004), 61. [10] “Colonial Williamsburg Logbook” biographical sheet. [11] Fred Frechette, “Work on Restoration Started as ‘Bit of Fun,’” Richmond Times-Dispatch (Richmond, Va.), 21 May 1956, page number unknown, Thomas Mott Shaw research folder, Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. [12] Yetter, “Thomas Mott Shaw, F.A.I.A., 1878-1965.” [13] Ibid. (T.M. Shaw quote excerpted from “Reminiscences of Thomas Mott Shaw,” Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Archives, Oral History Collection, 11), Thomas Mott Shaw research folder, Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation (Williamsburg, Va.: The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation). [14] Frechette, “Work on Restoration Started as ‘Bit of Fun.’” [15] George H. Yetter, “Thomas Mott Shaw” typewritten research notes, Thomas Mott Shaw research folder, Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation (Williamsburg, Va.: The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation). [16] Molineux, “The Architect of Colonial Williamsburg,” 63. [17] Ibid. [18] Ibid. [19] Yetter, “Thomas Mott Shaw” typewritten research notes. [20] Molineux, 63; see also Frechette, “Work on Restoration Started as ‘Bit of Fun.’” [21] Molineux, 63. [22] Frechette, “Work on Restoration Started as ‘Bit of Fun.’” [23] Ibid. [24] Mary Miley Theobald, “The Colonial Revival: The Past that Never Dies,” Colonial Williamsburg Journal (Summer 2002), 81. [25] Ibid., 81. [26] Ibid., 84. [27] Ibid., 81. [28] Ibid., 84. [29] Yetter, “Thomas Mott Shaw” typewritten research notes. [30] Frechette, “Work on Restoration Started as ‘Bit of Fun.’” [31] Ibid. [32] Yetter, “Thomas Mott Shaw, F.A.I.A., 1878-1965.” [33] Frechette, “Work on Restoration Started as ‘Bit of Fun.’” [34]Carl Lounsbury, “Bracken Tenement: Block 2, Building 52,” Colonial Williamsburg Foundation website, n.d., http://research.history.org/Architectural_Research/Research_Articles/ThemeBldgs/Bracken.cfm (accessed 5 May 2014). [35] Letter from Thomas Mott Shaw to Vernon Geddy of Williamsburg Restoration, Inc., 25 October 1944, Thomas Mott Shaw research folder, Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. [36] Staff memo from B.W. Norton to Vernon Geddy of Williamsburg Restoration, Inc., 1 November 1945, Thomas Mott Shaw research folder, Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. [37] Staff memo from J.A. Upshur to Kenneth Chorley of Williamsburg Restoration, Inc., 12 January 1946, Thomas Mott Shaw research folder, Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. [38] Ibid. [39] Ibid. [40] Letter from Michael A. Grimes (archivist, Smithsonian Institution, Archives of American Art) to George H. Yetter (Associate Curator of Architectural Drawings, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation), 2 August 1989, Thomas Mott Shaw research folder, Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING Chappell, Edward A. “Architects of Colonial Williamsburg” in Encyclopedia of Southern Culture, ed. by Charles Reagan Wilson, William R. Ferris, and Ann J. Adadie. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1989, 59-61. Greenspan, Anders. Creating Colonial Williamsburg: The Restoration of Virginia’s Eighteenth-Century Capitol. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 2002. Hosmer, Charles Bridgham, and National Trust for Historic Preservation in the United States. Preservation Comes of Age: From Williamsburg to the National Trust, 1926-1949, Vol. 1. Charlottesville: Published for the Preservation Press, National Trust for Historic Preservation in the United States by the University Press of Virginia, 1981. Kimball, Fiske, et al. The Restoration of Colonial Williamsburg in Virginia. New York: F.W. Dodge Corporation, 1935. Molineux, Will. “The Architect of Colonial Williamsburg: William Graves Perry,” Colonial Williamsburg Journal (August 2004): 58-65. Theobald, Mary Miley. “The Colonial Revival: The Past that Never Dies,” Colonial Williamsburg Journal (Summer 2002): 81-85. Yetter, George Humphrey. “Designers of Beauty: Academic Training and Williamsburg’s Architectural Restoration,” Colonial Williamsburg Journal (Winter 2012): 54-60. Yetter, George Humphrey. Williamsburg Before and After: The Rebirth of Virginia's Colonial Capital. Williamsburg, Va.: Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, 1988. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Graphite on paper Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image. 51 x 48 cm Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Brick Making (Clay Molds) Subject The topic of the resource Block 41. Brickmakers – Virginia – Williamsburg Brickmaking – Virginia – Williamsburg Description An account of the resource <p>View of a Colonial Brickyard Company workman filling brick molds with clay at the Todd and Brown Brickyard, located behind the Williamsburg Inn, 1933. Clay bricks were then removed from their brick molds (also known as clay molds) and set in the sun to dry. After a thorough drying process, bricks were fired in a brick kiln. This brickyard was set up as a temporary location for making bricks for use in the early historic restoration of Williamsburg. Today, the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation's colonial Brickyard is located on Nicholson Street, in the area behind the Peyton Randolph House and Cabinetmaker's Shop.</p> <p>In the eighteenth century, "bricks used for buildings of the town were burned on or near the site and were laid in a coarse oyster-shell lime mortar. The gray-green glaze seen on some headers was imparted by burning the bricks in a kiln fired with oakwood. Only those bricks nearest the heat acquired the glazed surface. The use of bricks rubbed down to a smooth surface or to a molded profile was a favorite means of imparting finish to a building."</p> <p>(Source: A. Lawrence Kocher and Howard Dearstyne, <em>Colonial Williamsburg: Its Buildings and Gardens</em>, rev. ed. [Williamsburg, Va.: Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, 1961], 16).</p> Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Shaw, Thomas Mott Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1933 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 1933 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This material is protected by copyright law (Title 17, U.S. Code). For reproduction queries: <a href="http://research.history.org/JDRLibrary/Visual_Resources/VisualResourcePermission.cfm">Rights and reproductions</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context D2008-COPY-1014-1011 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation African Americans Brick Molds Brickmakers Brickmaking Bricks Brickyards Clay Clay Molds Colonial Architecture Colonial Brickyard Company Men Pug Mills Thomas Mott Shaw Todd and Brown Brickyard Virginia Williamsburg Williamsburg Inn Workers Workmen https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/3854/archive/files/dd155dd096792c28805e6b834513917e.jpg?Expires=1779321600&Signature=guBsVkA53ByWdh7i4HnJWznxRWQYUv0O41BhkR97woGQcjAfIf5mrJM7IMuTqQW8dgP9lqjWIke%7E79X19IyCAXdy2bfDxRHoPQmLTI-igoyWNvZXGzp1LiBuV5W4zAWifcff3sR-aWDEFkl7uMepza15jwqvXC5whqDRdtaeQhhIoiLwU8FjkedRE8Xl9c2bLBTLvCEkDzBGe06zQhbd8joyvutLJDMr71Pm2b2a18aIrkaoZLMwBHw2rEUxOlDi7i9kNunlDZhlduq%7EKwx2zAOgJbW6cB5Ig5bOG5gR3%7EKeoLhqEpZ1yZTBOOMUXnTo2%7E3j6aWt8IaPl%7E26G5ncfg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM d8552bb3a548a6c46b02abd28ed522c7 Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 Height 670 Width 1024 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource An Architect of the Restoration: The Pencil Sketches of Thomas Mott Shaw, F.A.I.A. Description An account of the resource BIOGRAPHY OF THOMAS MOTT SHAW, F.A.I.A. Thomas Mott Shaw is best known as one of the founding partners and principal architects of the prominent Boston architectural firm Perry, Shaw, and Hepburn, which John D. Rockefeller Jr. hired in 1928 to design, plan, and supervise the groundbreaking historical restoration of Williamsburg, the former eighteenth-century capitol of Virginia. Born in 1878 in Newport, Rhode Island, Thomas Mott Shaw received a bachelor’s degree from Harvard in 1900 and continued his education at the atelier (workshop) of Jean-Louis Pascal at the Ècole des Beaux-Arts in Paris from 1900 to 1905.[1] After graduation in 1905, he began working in Boston as a draftsman in the office of Guy Lowell, a prominent American architect and landscape architect who designed the Boston Museum of Fine Arts, as well as numerous other public, commercial, academic, and private buildings and spaces, including many distinguished estates and gardens.[2] Shaw’s connections to Lowell were presumably academic in nature, as Lowell was a former Harvard alumnus who also studied under Pascal at the Ècole, where he graduated just one year before Shaw.[3] In 1908, Shaw left Lowell’s employ and opened his own architectural practice, which he pursued until 1916.[4] During the First World War, he served as a first lieutenant in the 489th Aero Squadron of the American Expeditionary Forces (AEF).[5] He was stationed at the U.S. Army’s Air Service Production center at Romorantin, France, where he worked with the Air Service Construction Division #2. During this time, he helped design and build air fields, assembly plants for the fabrication of American aircraft, and barracks for military personnel.[6] After the war, Shaw returned to the United States and partnered with Andrew H. Hepburn, an MIT graduate and practicing architect who had also worked under Guy Lowell.[7] The two men founded an architectural firm under the name of Shaw and Hepburn, which they managed together from 1918 to 1923.[8] When architect William G. Perry (another alumnus of Harvard, MIT, and the Ècole, as well as a former WWI Army Air Corps captain[9]) joined the partnership in 1923, the firm’s name changed to Perry, Shaw, and Hepburn.[10] In January 1927, William Perry (representing his partners Shaw and Hepburn) was invited by Reverend William A. R. Goodwin (the rector of Bruton Parish Church in Williamsburg) to produce drawings of Williamsburg as it may have looked in the eighteenth century.[11] Goodwin planned to submit the renderings to an unnamed donor who was interested in restoring the town to its former eighteenth-century appearance.[12] Shaw noted: “I worked on those drawings. We all did. We all worked on them (just like a projet in the Ècole des Beaux-Arts) to get them out.” [13] In late November 1927, after spending eleven months working pro bono[14] on a series of illustrations detailing the prospective restoration of the town and the College of William and Mary’s Wren Building, Perry submitted the firm’s drawings to Reverend Goodwin to deliver to his anonymous benefactor for consideration.[15] Soon after reviewing the architects’ work, Goodwin’s patron decided to begin funding the restoration of Williamsburg, and by early December 1927, the firm of Perry, Shaw, and Hepburn was approved “'to proceed with work on [the] Wren Building’ and reconstruction of the colonial Capitol and Governor’s Palace.”[16] It was not until April 1928, however, that the architects finally learned the identity of the secretive individual funding the endeavor.[17] The three men were summoned to New York for a meeting, where Goodwin introduced them to the wealthy businessman and philanthropist, John D. Rockefeller Jr.[18] After meeting the architects in person and discussing the project with them over lunch, Rockefeller decided that he liked what he had seen and heard. On 1 April 1928,[19] he “assigned overall ‘authority and responsibility’” of Williamsburg’s building and restoration to Perry, Shaw, and Hepburn.[20] Soon thereafter, the architects set up a small office in Williamsburg near Bruton Parish Church to manage the project.[21] The architects “soon found that drawing plans was only a minor part of the [project]. The hard part was finding out what kind of plans should be drawn.”[22] Consequently, they organized a staff of historical researchers to assist them in their efforts to restore and rebuild Williamsburg’s eighteenth-century structures as authentically as possible. “Very early in the project, [the architects] decided to establish the highest possible standards for the job. ‘Nothing was ever done without a good reason,’ Shaw once stated. ‘If there were no documented reasons for doing a particular thing, we didn’t do it.’”[23] Perry, Shaw, and Hepburn’s dedication to the ideals of historic preservation at Williamsburg also paralleled a larger “preservation fever” that was sweeping the nation in the 1920s, called the Colonial Revival.[24] “Historic preservation formed the core of the Colonial Revival, a social and stylistic mindset that peaked during the 1920s [25]…fueled by the usual turmoil – a world war, the Bolshevik Revolution, the Red Scare, and another spike in immigration, all of which increased the nostalgia for the good old colonial days.[26] ….Creating museums from historic buildings became a preferred philanthropy for the wealthy…and John D. Rockefeller Jr. launched the single largest preservation project the country had seen: Colonial Williamsburg.” [27] In the wake of the stock market crash of 1929 and the subsequent national economic collapse of the Great Depression, the fervor of the movement waned, as “only the wealthiest could afford to indulge in antiques, art, and architectural restoration.”[28] As one of the wealthiest men in the country, however, John D. Rockefeller Jr. was one of the few people who could indeed afford to finance his interests in the Colonial Revival. Despite the economic strife of the times, Rockefeller’s infusion of funds into Williamsburg not only helped support the research and restoration of this sleepy southern town back to its former eighteenth-century appearance as the colonial capitol of Virginia, but also provided Williamsburg with much-needed jobs during the worst years of the Depression. By the late 1930s, Rockefeller’s restoration had positioned the town as an architectural and cultural cornerstone of the Colonial Revival movement, fueled Colonial Revival sentiments in spite of the nation’s social and economic woes, and established Williamsburg as a pioneering example of historical preservation relating to the nation’s colonial and revolutionary past. In time, Thomas Mott Shaw was eventually “placed on [a] consulting basis” with Williamsburg’s Restoration “when an architectural department was established by Colonial Williamsburg” on 1 October 1934.[29] In 1938, Shaw was recognized by the American Institute of Architects for his work on the Williamsburg Inn, “chosen for its excellency of design wedded to the sensitive appreciation of location.”[30] He was awarded the Institute’s Bronze Medal of Honor, the highest award given to a practicing architect in the country.[31] In 1939, Shaw was placed on an annual retainer with the Restoration, though he continued working as a consultant for Colonial Williamsburg on various design and restoration projects. After a long and accomplished career, Thomas Mott Shaw died on 17 February 1965.[32] THE THOMAS MOTT SHAW COLLECTION This collection consists of thirty-four graphite and mixed media sketches drawn by architect Thomas Mott Shaw during the restoration of Colonial Williamsburg from the late 1920s through 1930s, depicting various architectural exteriors and interiors of historic buildings in and around Colonial Williamsburg’s Historic Area. It is not known precisely why these drawings were created – whether for in-house or external purposes by Perry, Shaw, and Hepburn, for Colonial Williamsburg’s staff or other interested parties, or perhaps even for Shaw’s own personal use – but they have since become historically important artifacts and images of Williamsburg’s Restoration period. These illustrations take us back in time to the early days of Williamsburg as a reconstructed historic site and living history museum, capturing views that offer interesting opportunities for insight and reflection into the early research, planning, design, building, and restoration of the town’s landscape, architecture, and character as Virginia’s eighteenth-century colonial capitol. The earliest sketch in this collection, drawn in 1928, features the Bracken Tenement (also known as the Bracken House) on Francis Street, which was one of the first buildings to be restored in Williamsburg by Perry, Shaw, and Hepburn[33] in 1928.[34] The latest sketch, drawn in 1938, depicts a proposed addition to the Williamsburg Inn which was never built. Otherwise, the majority of the drawings – thirty-two in number – were completed in 1933. In the fall of 1944, Shaw offered this collection of thirty-four sketches to the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation “for use in connection with publicity or any other purpose you would like to use them for.”[35] Upon review of the sketches, Colonial Williamsburg’s staff accepted them, stating: “These sketches are something which we definitely should have in our archives….Mr. Shaw has done them from photographs and that in this respect they are not such creative work as might be done on location without the use of photographs….We have not undertaken to determine how best they can be utilized but there are several possibilities which we should like to explore further.”[36] Though the sketches were thought to be “very good” and might be used in various ways,[37] Colonial Williamsburg’s staff chiefly appreciated the drawings for their “sentimental appeal by virtue of Mr. Shaw’s connection with Colonial Williamsburg”[38] and “the fact that they are the handiwork of Mr. Shaw, which…will make them quite valuable to Colonial Williamsburg in the future.”[39] Shaw’s sketches were purchased and accepted into the research archives of Colonial Williamsburg’s Architectural Department between November 1945 and January 1946. These drawings are now part of the Architectural Drawings Collection in the Special Collections wing of the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation’s John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library. While a separate collection of Shaw’s personal papers and drawings also reside within the Smithsonian Institution’s Archives of American Art in Washington, D.C.,[40] the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation is proud to possess the majority of Mr. Shaw’s drawings and correspondence associated with his meticulous and pioneering work on Williamsburg’s restoration. ENDNOTES [1] George H. Yetter, “Thomas Mott Shaw, F.A.I.A., 1878-1965” unpublished biography, Thomas Mott Shaw research folder, Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation (Williamsburg, Va.: The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation). [2] Ibid. [3] Henry F. Withey and Elsie Rathburn Withey, Biographical Dictionary of American Architects [Deceased] (Los Angeles: Hennessey &amp; Ingalls, Inc., 1970), 381-382. [4] Yetter, “Thomas Mott Shaw, F.A.I.A., 1878-1965.” [5] George H. Yetter, handwritten notes compiled from Thomas Mott Shaw Papers (in Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution, gift of Sarah Quinan Shaw Johnson, Concord, Ma., 1975), Thomas Mott Shaw research folder, Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation (Williamsburg, Va.: The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation). [6] Ibid.; see also “Colonial Williamsburg Logbook” biographical sheet on Thomas Mott Shaw, dated 15 March 1947, Thomas Mott Shaw research folder, Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation (Williamsburg, Va.: The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation). [7] George H. Yetter, “Designers of Beauty: Academic Training and Williamsburg’s Architectural Restoration,” Colonial Williamsburg Journal (Winter 2012): 58. [8] Yetter, handwritten notes compiled from Thomas Mott Shaw Papers; see also “Colonial Williamsburg Logbook” biographical sheet. [9] Will Molineux, “The Architect of Colonial Williamsburg: William Graves Perry,” Colonial Williamsburg Journal (Autumn 2004), 61. [10] “Colonial Williamsburg Logbook” biographical sheet. [11] Fred Frechette, “Work on Restoration Started as ‘Bit of Fun,’” Richmond Times-Dispatch (Richmond, Va.), 21 May 1956, page number unknown, Thomas Mott Shaw research folder, Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. [12] Yetter, “Thomas Mott Shaw, F.A.I.A., 1878-1965.” [13] Ibid. (T.M. Shaw quote excerpted from “Reminiscences of Thomas Mott Shaw,” Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Archives, Oral History Collection, 11), Thomas Mott Shaw research folder, Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation (Williamsburg, Va.: The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation). [14] Frechette, “Work on Restoration Started as ‘Bit of Fun.’” [15] George H. Yetter, “Thomas Mott Shaw” typewritten research notes, Thomas Mott Shaw research folder, Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation (Williamsburg, Va.: The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation). [16] Molineux, “The Architect of Colonial Williamsburg,” 63. [17] Ibid. [18] Ibid. [19] Yetter, “Thomas Mott Shaw” typewritten research notes. [20] Molineux, 63; see also Frechette, “Work on Restoration Started as ‘Bit of Fun.’” [21] Molineux, 63. [22] Frechette, “Work on Restoration Started as ‘Bit of Fun.’” [23] Ibid. [24] Mary Miley Theobald, “The Colonial Revival: The Past that Never Dies,” Colonial Williamsburg Journal (Summer 2002), 81. [25] Ibid., 81. [26] Ibid., 84. [27] Ibid., 81. [28] Ibid., 84. [29] Yetter, “Thomas Mott Shaw” typewritten research notes. [30] Frechette, “Work on Restoration Started as ‘Bit of Fun.’” [31] Ibid. [32] Yetter, “Thomas Mott Shaw, F.A.I.A., 1878-1965.” [33] Frechette, “Work on Restoration Started as ‘Bit of Fun.’” [34]Carl Lounsbury, “Bracken Tenement: Block 2, Building 52,” Colonial Williamsburg Foundation website, n.d., http://research.history.org/Architectural_Research/Research_Articles/ThemeBldgs/Bracken.cfm (accessed 5 May 2014). [35] Letter from Thomas Mott Shaw to Vernon Geddy of Williamsburg Restoration, Inc., 25 October 1944, Thomas Mott Shaw research folder, Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. [36] Staff memo from B.W. Norton to Vernon Geddy of Williamsburg Restoration, Inc., 1 November 1945, Thomas Mott Shaw research folder, Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. [37] Staff memo from J.A. Upshur to Kenneth Chorley of Williamsburg Restoration, Inc., 12 January 1946, Thomas Mott Shaw research folder, Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. [38] Ibid. [39] Ibid. [40] Letter from Michael A. Grimes (archivist, Smithsonian Institution, Archives of American Art) to George H. Yetter (Associate Curator of Architectural Drawings, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation), 2 August 1989, Thomas Mott Shaw research folder, Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING Chappell, Edward A. “Architects of Colonial Williamsburg” in Encyclopedia of Southern Culture, ed. by Charles Reagan Wilson, William R. Ferris, and Ann J. Adadie. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1989, 59-61. Greenspan, Anders. Creating Colonial Williamsburg: The Restoration of Virginia’s Eighteenth-Century Capitol. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 2002. Hosmer, Charles Bridgham, and National Trust for Historic Preservation in the United States. Preservation Comes of Age: From Williamsburg to the National Trust, 1926-1949, Vol. 1. Charlottesville: Published for the Preservation Press, National Trust for Historic Preservation in the United States by the University Press of Virginia, 1981. Kimball, Fiske, et al. The Restoration of Colonial Williamsburg in Virginia. New York: F.W. Dodge Corporation, 1935. Molineux, Will. “The Architect of Colonial Williamsburg: William Graves Perry,” Colonial Williamsburg Journal (August 2004): 58-65. Theobald, Mary Miley. “The Colonial Revival: The Past that Never Dies,” Colonial Williamsburg Journal (Summer 2002): 81-85. Yetter, George Humphrey. “Designers of Beauty: Academic Training and Williamsburg’s Architectural Restoration,” Colonial Williamsburg Journal (Winter 2012): 54-60. Yetter, George Humphrey. Williamsburg Before and After: The Rebirth of Virginia's Colonial Capital. Williamsburg, Va.: Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, 1988. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Graphite on paper Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image. 57 x 43 cm Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Brick Making (Pug Mill) Subject The topic of the resource Block 41. Brickmakers - Virginia - Williamsburg Brickmaking - Virginia - Williamsburg Description An account of the resource <p class="MsoListParagraph">View of Colonial Brickyard Company workmen filling brick molds with clay at the Todd and Brown Brickyard, located behind the Williamsburg Inn, 1933.<span>  </span>In the colonial period, clay was mixed and made pliant for brickmaking by adding water to clay pits and treading on it by foot.<span>  </span>During the restoration of Colonial Williamsburg, however, clay was mixed in a “pug mill,” an industrial technology that came into use by the mid-nineteenth century.<span>  </span>The pug mill (pictured as the tall, square, wood-paneled box under the lean-to) was powered by a horse or mule. The animal was harnessed and tethered to a long wooden lever, which connected to a vertical shaft within the pug mill.<span>  </span>As the animal circled around the mill, the rotation of the wooden lever turned the vertical shaft within the mill, which was outfitted with blades and served as a mixing paddle.<span>  </span>The paddle stirred and mixed the clay, while workmen periodically added water to the mixture to keep it at the right consistency for packing into brick molds (also known as clay molds).<span>  </span>Once packed into molds, the clay bricks were then removed and set in the sun to dry.<span>  </span>After a thorough drying process, bricks were fired in a brick kiln and allowed to cool, after which time they were ready for use.<span>  </span>This Todd and Brown Brickyard was set up in an open area behind the Williamsburg Inn, where bricks were fashioned for use for the early restoration and building of Williamsburg.<span>  </span>Today, the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation's colonial Brickyard is located on Nicholson Street, in the area behind the Peyton Randolph House and Cabinetmaker's Shop.</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">In the eighteenth century, "bricks used for buildings of the town were burned on or near the site and were laid in a coarse oyster-shell lime mortar. The gray-green glaze seen on some headers was imparted by burning the bricks in a kiln fired with oakwood. Only those bricks nearest the heat acquired the glazed surface. The use of bricks rubbed down to a smooth surface or to a molded profile was a favorite means of imparting finish to a building."</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast">(Source: <span> </span>A. Lawrence Kocher and Howard Dearstyne, <em>Colonial Williamsburg: Its Buildings and Gardens</em>, rev. ed. [Williamsburg, Va.: Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, 1961], 16).</p> Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Shaw, Thomas Mott Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1933 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 1933 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This material is protected by copyright law (Title 17, U.S. Code). For reproduction queries: <a href="http://research.history.org/JDRLibrary/Visual_Resources/VisualResourcePermission.cfm">Rights and reproductions</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context D2008-COPY-1014-1008 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation African Americans Brick Molds Brickmakers Brickmaking Bricks Brickyards Clay Clay Molds Colonial Architecture Colonial Brickyard Company Horses Men Mules Pug Mills Thomas Mott Shaw Todd and Brown Brickyard Virginia Williamsburg Williamsburg Inn Workers Workmen