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                  <text>Orin Miles Bullock Jr. (1905-1994), a Fellow of the American Institute of Architects and a native of Oakland, California, studied architecture at Harvard University and worked as a draftsman with the firms of McKim, Mead &amp; White and Cram &amp; Ferguson. In 1929, he joined the Williamsburg office of architects Perry, Shaw &amp; Hepburn and spent five years assisting the team with drafting designs for the restoration or reconstruction of some of the earliest exhibition buildings in the Historic Area. He departed in 1934 to take a position as a regional architect for the National Park Service in Richmond. In 1941, he began a brief appointment as Executive Director of the Portsmouth Housing and Redevelopment Authority before enlisting for military service. After active duty during World War II, he returned to Colonial Williamsburg as Supervisor of Architectural Research in 1953. He oversaw a second phase of restoration work and archaeological investigations and contributed to documentation, via research reports, of efforts to combine authenticity and sound preservation methods to the continued restoration work at each building site, including "The How, What, Why of the Restoration of the Buildings in Colonial Williamsburg." During the 1960s, he contributed to the historic preservation movement with the publication of his "The Restoration Manual" of 1966 while serving as a Rehabilitation Architect with the Baltimore Urban Renewal and Housing Authority.&#13;
&#13;
The Rockefeller Library holds a selection of eighteen black and white photographs either taken by or collected by architect Orin Miles Bullock Jr. in the 1920s as part of his fieldwork studying extant eighteenth-century buildings in Williamsburg, Virginia and the surrounding area. Public buildings featured in the photos include the President’s House, Brafferton Hall, and Wren Building at the College of William &amp; Mary, as well as the Powder Magazine and Public Gaol. Domestic structures documented include Tazewell Hall, the Benjamin Waller House, and the James Galt House. Bruton Parish Church and the Colonial Hotel and Williamsburg Baptist Church once located on Market Square are also represented. A few photos of historic buildings Bullock examined in other parts of the state complete the collection, including Tuckahoe in Goochland County, North Wales in Fauquier County, and the Adam Keeling House in Virginia Beach.&#13;
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                  <text>Susan Higginson Nash was born in Brookline, Massachusetts on August 8, 1893 and died in Boston on July 25, 1971. She served as a consultant on antiques and interior decoration in association with the Boston architectural firm of Perry, Shaw, &amp; Hepburn, chosen to carry out the early work on Williamsburg's restoration. Later a member of the American Institute of Decorators, she was a friend of architect William G. Perry with whom she first visited Williamsburg in 1923. During field trips to Virginia sites, she met the popular Richmond novelist Ellen Glasgow, who advised her: "If you do any work at Williamsburg, make it perceptible." Mrs. Nash felt this was a wonderful phrase and quoted it often, evidently taking it to mean that the work should be subtly and sympathetically done.&#13;
&#13;
Most of the photos in the Susan Higginson Nash Photograph Collection date to the early 1930s, when steps to be taken in the physical restoration of the colonial capital were still under study. Sites include many of the important extant eighteenth-century houses in the Tidewater region of Virginia, such as Shirley, Westover, Mt. Airy, Sabine Hall and Marmion. Excursions to such sites were made to help in determining proper precedents for the work to be carried out in Williamsburg's Historic Area.</text>
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                  <text>Ernest Maurice Frank, a graduate of Cornell University, rose from the ranks of Draftsman to Assistant Vice-President over the course of a three-decade career at Colonial Williamsburg. During the late 1930s, a team of architects drafted plans to fill in the gaps with reconstruction or restoration of structures not included in the initial group completed in the early 1930s. Known as “Phase II” in Colonial Williamsburg’s evolution, the period launched an expansion of plans for future projects at sites such as the George Wythe and Peyton Randolph Houses, many of which became reality after the end of World War II. Singleton P. Moorehead, an architect who joined the Restoration team in 1928 and became part of the architectural office in 1934, and A.E. Kendrew, Foundation Architect, proved to be pivotal in moving Colonial Williamsburg forward with the Phase II transition. They hired Ernest Frank in 1939 to join their team of draftsmen beginning work on Phase II planning. Unfortunately, World War II intervened, and Frank and many other employees left the organization to fulfill their military duties in 1942. &#13;
Frank re-joined Colonial Williamsburg in 1946 and established his own architectural practice in Williamsburg on the side in 1947. He rapidly advanced to Senior Draftsmen in 1947, Designer in 1948, and assumed the position of Assistant Director of the Architecture, Construction, and Maintenance Division from 1949-1956. In 1957, he became Director of the division until 1964, when he received a promotion to Assistant Vice-President for Colonial Williamsburg Inc. under Charles Hackett. One of Frank’s major projects involved overseeing the reconstruction of additional eighteenth-century features of the Robert Carter House complex. He and his team researched and designed the two long covered ways connecting outbuildings to the main house, as well as Dr. McKenzie’s Shop and several outbuildings. His architectural drawings for the Powder Magazine and Guardhouse, Bryan House, Ewing House, John Crump House, and the new Visitor’s Center complex and Motor House all attest to his extensive contributions. A member of the American Institute of Architects, Frank regularly spoke at architectural forums and design schools and became a recognized authority on colonial Virginian architecture. In his final years at Colonial Williamsburg, Frank served as a deputy to Charles Hackett, who led Colonial Williamsburg Inc. and Williamsburg Restoration Inc., until his death in 1968.&#13;
A record of Frank’s meticulous research conducted as part of the process of developing designs for reconstructions can be found in the Ernest M. Frank Photograph Collection, AV2009.58, housed at the Rockefeller Library. Frank joined other members of the architectural team in the late 1940s and early 1950s in a series of trips throughout the mid-Atlantic region and to Great Britain to visit sites and record details that might be used as precedents for features of buildings planned for reconstruction. The team had to engage in a certain amount of educated guesswork for certain features of structures for which they could not find archaeological, historical, or visual evidence. A series of ten photo albums encompasses images from the late 1940s to early 1950s of sites at Colonial Williamsburg, various counties in Virginia, Maryland, North Carolina, and South Carolina, and Great Britain. The two albums focusing upon his 1951 trip to England are organized by various types of details under study, such as lamp brackets, signs, shop windows, foot scrapers, chimneys, gates, and fences. Together, the photo albums offer insight into the process used to gather clues for drafting designs for some of the buildings that constitute the second phase of Colonial Williamsburg’s development after World War II.&#13;
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