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<item xmlns="http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5" itemId="590" public="1" featured="0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5 http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5/omeka-xml-5-0.xsd" uri="https://rocklib.omeka.net/items/show/590?output=omeka-xml" accessDate="2026-06-06T15:59:26-04:00">
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        <name>Dublin Core</name>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Pacific Stereopticon Company Lantern Slides</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Produced by the Pacific Stereopticon Company of Los Angeles, this collection of forty-five lantern slides depicts individuals involved in the restoration of Williamsburg, as well as some of the restored buildings. The slides are a mixture of black and white and color images taken by various photographers in the late 1930s. Many are copies based upon photos taken by contract professionals hired to document the appeal of the architecture and landscapes of Colonial Williamsburg. Several of the black and white slides are derived from photos taken by noted architectural photographer F.S. Lincoln, whose collection is also available for viewing on this site. &#13;
&#13;
The lantern slides are significant because they document early efforts to publicize the newly opened museum. California architect Reginald Davis Johnson utilized the set to lecture to students and colleagues about the massive efforts undertaken to bring Williamsburg's historic district back to its 18th-century appearance. Noted for his contributions to the development of the Spanish-Southern California architecture of Santa Barbara, Reginald Davis Johnson resided in Pasadena and operated an architectural design studio. Some of his best known projects include the Santa Barbara Biltmore Hotel, the Santa Barbara Post Office, and the Harbor Hills, Rancho San Pedro, and Baldwin Hills communities in Los Angeles. &#13;
&#13;
A precursor of 35mm slides, lantern slides are large format positive transparencies, usually 3.25 x 4 inches, sandwiched between two pieces of glass. Many were hand-colored. A projector allowed the slides to be viewed on a wall or screen. Instead of automatically advancing from one slide to the next, the lantern slides had to be manually placed into a slot on the projector. &#13;
&#13;
Invented in 1848, lantern slides evolved from those associated with magic lanterns in the late 19th-century to the format represented in this collection. Between 1848-1870, oil lamps served as the light source for magic lantern projectors. By the 1890s, the carbon arc lamp offered a better lighting method. The introduction of electricity in the 20th-century allowed the projection of lantern slides to become common in schools and universities. Lantern slides became obsolete in the 1950s when the Kodachrome three-color process brought about the introduction of 35mm slides.</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Pacific Stereopticon Co.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="101616">
                <text>Lantern slides - Hand-colored - 1930-1940</text>
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                <text>Johnson, Reginald Davis, 1882-1952</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Pacific Stereopticon Co.</text>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="101618">
                <text>ca. 1935</text>
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            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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                <text>jpeg</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>Image</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="125">
            <name>Rights Holder</name>
            <description>A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="101621">
                <text>Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation</text>
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    <name>Still Image</name>
    <description>A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps.  Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials.</description>
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        <name>Original Format</name>
        <description>If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data</description>
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          <elementText elementTextId="101285">
            <text>Lantern slide</text>
          </elementText>
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      <element elementId="10">
        <name>Physical Dimensions</name>
        <description>The actual physical size of the original image.</description>
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            <text>2 x 3 inches</text>
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      <name>Dublin Core</name>
      <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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        <element elementId="50">
          <name>Title</name>
          <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <text>Hostess in Governor's Palace Garden</text>
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          <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <text>Governor's Palace (Williamsburg, Va.)</text>
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              <text>Gardens - Virginia - Williamsburg</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="101384">
              <text>Block 20. Building 03.</text>
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              <text>Public buildings - Virginia - Williamsburg</text>
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              <text>Historic buildings -  Virginia - Williamsburg</text>
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              <text>Hand-colored lantern slide featuring a photo taken by F.S. Lincoln in 1935 of a costumed hostess posing in the Governor's Palace garden.  It is the forty-fourth slide in a set produced by the Pacific Stereopticon Co. of Los Angeles, California, now defunct, to illustrate the story of Dr. W.A. R. Goodwin's dream to restore a portion of Williamsburg, Virginia to its 18th-century appearance as a shrine to early American ideals.&#13;
&#13;
The slide features a rear elevation view of the north and west facades from the pleached hornbeam arbor behind the Palace. In the foreground stands a female costumed interpreter, dressed in a gown and holding a bouquet of flowers.  In the background stands the ballroom wing, an addition during the 1750s, and the royal arms are featured in its pedimented gable.  The Palace's gardens, designed by Arthur Shurcliff, include boxwood parterres and one dozen large cylindrical shrubs known as the Twelve Apostles, a feature often appearing in eighteenth-century English gardens. </text>
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          <name>Creator</name>
          <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <text>Lincoln, F.S.</text>
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          <name>Publisher</name>
          <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <text>Pacific Stereopticon Co.</text>
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          <name>Date</name>
          <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <text>1935</text>
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          <name>Identifier</name>
          <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <text>PSC-044</text>
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          <name>Rights Holder</name>
          <description>A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
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              <text>Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation</text>
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          <name>Format</name>
          <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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              <text>jpeg</text>
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          <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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              <text>Image</text>
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      <name>Arbors</name>
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      <name>Ballroom Wing</name>
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    <tag tagId="33">
      <name>Costumed Interpreters</name>
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    <tag tagId="14">
      <name>F.S. Lincoln</name>
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      <name>Gardens</name>
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      <name>Governor's Palace</name>
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      <name>Hostesses</name>
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    <tag tagId="953">
      <name>Lantern Slides</name>
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    <tag tagId="954">
      <name>Pacific Stereopticon Company</name>
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    <tag tagId="594">
      <name>Pleached Hornbeams</name>
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    <tag tagId="10">
      <name>Virginia</name>
    </tag>
    <tag tagId="9">
      <name>Williamsburg</name>
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